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This  BOOK  may  be  kept  out  TWO  WEEKS 
ONLY,  and  is  subject  to  a  fine  of  FIVE 
CENTS  a  day  thereafter.  It  is  due  on  the 
day  indicated  below: 


29  Oct '32 


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JUN  17  1964 
OEC  1     1ii66 


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FIL'OEIDA  TEEES 


A  HANDBOOK  OF  THE 

NATIVE  AND  NATURALIZED 

TREES  OF  FLORIDA 


BY 


JOHN   KUNKEL  SMALL,  Ph.D.,  Sc.D. 

HEAD  CURATOR  OF  THE  MUSEUMS  AND  HERBARIUM  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  BOTANICAL  GARDEN 


NEW  YORK 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE  AUTHOR 
1913 


Copyright,  1913 
By  John  Kunkel  Small 


Press  of 
I  E  New  era  Printing  Company 

LANCASrER.    PA. 


PREFACE. 


This  handbook  contains  descriptions  of  all  the  trees  kno■\^^^  to  the 
author  to  gi-ow  naturally  in  Florida. 

The  peculiar  geographic  position  of  Florida  and  the  diversity  of  its 
surface,  although  apparently  slight,  results  in  a  larger  tree-flora  than  any 
other  area  of  similar  size  in  North  America,  at  least  north  of  the  Tropic 
of  Cancer;  in  fact,  nearly  one  half  of  the  trees  known  to  occur  naturally 
in  North  America  north  of  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies,  grow  naturally  in 
the  relatively  small  area  of  the  State  of  Florida. 

The  state  consists  primarily  of  two  major  divisions,  the  first  a  northern 
portion,  a  comparatively  naiTow  strip  of  territoiy  extending  east  and  west 
for  a  distance  of  nearly  four  hundred  miles.  Here  trees  characteristic  of 
temperate  regions  predominate.  The  second  division  consists  of  a  large 
peninsula  and  accompanying  islands,  and  the  Florida  Keys,  extending 
southward  into  the  eastern  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  for  a  distance  of 
over  four  hundi-ed  miles,  reaching  almost  to  the  Tropic  of  Cancer.  In  this 
portion  of  the  state,  trees  of  temperate  regions  .gradually  give  place  to 
those  characteristic  of  subtropical  regions;  and  these,  in  turn,  on  the 
Everglade  Keys  at  the  southern  end  of  the  peninsula,  and  on  the  Florida 
Keys,  are  replaced  by  trees  of  a  strictly  tropical  character.  However,  this 
extraordinaiy  arboreous  floi-a  is  surprising  when  Ave  take  into  account  the 
simple  topography  and  the  slight  diversity  of  climate  in  which  it  apparently 
was  developed  and  in  which  it  now  thrives. 

The  major  divisions  already  referred  to  may  be  subdivided  into  a 
score  of  geographic  regions,  but  on  the  following  pages  in  connection  with 
the  distribution  of  the  species,  the  northern  portion  of  the  state,  the  first 
mentioned  major  division,  is  subdivided  into  eastern,  middle,  and  western. 
The  peninsula,  with  its  accompanying  islands,  is  subdivided  into  a  northern 
portion  and  a  southern  portion.  Two  prominent  minor  divisions  of  the 
southern  portion  are  frequently  mentioned,  namely,  the  Everglades,  and 
the  Everglade  Keys,  which  are  situated  in  the  southern  end  of  the  Ever- 
glades. The  Florida  Keys,  which  support  a  number  of  trees  not  known 
elsewhere  in  the  state,  lie  for  the  most  part,  south  of  the  mainland  of 
peninsular  Florida.  At  the  end  of  each  paragraph  devoted  to  the  geo- 
graphic distribution,  the  extralimital  distribution  of  a  species  is  indicated, 
thus  "Go."  and  "Ala."  indicate  that  outside  of  the  state  of  Florida  the 
plant  is  found  only  in  Georgia  or  Alabama;  and  "  Coni."  means  that  the 

iii 


IV  PREFACE. 

plant  has  a  wider  distribution  and  occurs  in  other  parts  of  the  North 
American  mainland,  while  "  W.  I."  is  used  to  indicate  that  a  plant  occurs 
in  the  West  Indies. 

The  collections  upon  which  the  following  study  is  based  are  at  the 
New  York  Botanical  Garden,  and  it  is  through  the  exploration  carried  on 
in  tropical  Florida  under  the  auspices  of  that  institution  that  the  record 
of  tropical  trees  in  Florida  is  now  much  more  complete  than  heretofore. 

J.  K.  Small. 
The  New  York  Botanical  Gakdex, 
April  30,  1913. 


CONTENTS. 

Key  to  the  Orders vii-ix 

Descriptive  Flora 1-102 

List  of  Species  published  in  this  Flora 102 

Index    103 


KEY   TO   THE   ORDERS. 

Ovules,  and  seeds,  boi-ne  on  the  face  of  a  bract  or  a  scale  :  stigmas  wanting. 

Class  1.  Gymnospermab. 
Ovules,  and  seeds,  in  a  closed  cavity  (ovary)  :  stigmas  present. 

Class  2.  Angiospersiae. 

1.  Gymnospermae. 

Plants  growing  by  lateral  as  well  as  by  terminal  buds,  with  scale-like,  flat  or  needle- 
like leaves  not  circinate :  embryo  not  prolonged  into  a  spiral.  Order  Pixales. 

2.  Angiospermae. 

Cotyledon  1  :  stem  endogenous.  Subclass  1.  Moxocotyledonbs. 

Cotyledons  normally  2:  stem  exogenous   (with  rare  exceptions). 

Subclass  2.  Dicotyledones. 

1.    Monocotyledones. 

Leaf-blades   pinnately   or   palmately    lobed,    or   compound :    ovules   solitary    in    each 
carpel-cavity.  Order  Arec.\.les. 

Leaf-blades  narrow,  entire  or  essentially  so,  simple :  ovules  many 

in  each  carpel-cavity.  Order  Liliales. 

2.    Dicotyledones. 

A.  Corolla  wanting,  except  in  the  pistillate  flowers  of  Juglans   (Juglandaceae). 
Calyx  wanting,  at  least  in  the  staminate  flowers,  except  sometimes  in  Castiarina 
(Casuarinaceae). 
Leaves  represented  by  appressed  whorled  scales  :  stems  or  branches  loosely 
jointed.  Order  Casuakixales. 

Leaves  not  appressed  scales  :  stems  or  branches  not  loosely  jointed. 
Fruit  1-seeded  :  seeds  without  tufts  of  hairs. 

Pistillate  flowers  without  a  calyx :  ovule  erect  and  orthotropous. 

Order  Myricales. 
Pistillate  flowers  with  a  calyx :  ovule  pendulous  and  anatropous. 

Leaf-blades  simple.  Oleaceae  in  Order  Oleales. 

Leaf-blades  compound  :  fruit  a  samara.     Oleaceae  in  Order  Oleales. 
Fruit  many-seeded  :  seeds  each  with  a  tuft  of  hairs.  Order  Salicales. 

Calyx  present  at  least  in  the  staminate  or  in  the  perfect  flowers. 

Leaves  represented  by  appressed  whorled  scales :  branches  loosely  jointed. 

Order  (IJasuarixales. 
Leaves  not  appressed  scales  :  branches  not  loosely  jointed. 

Flowers,  at  least  the  staminate,  in  aments,  or  ament-like  spikes. 

Pistillate  flowers  separate  at  maturity  :  fruit  a  nut  or  an  achene. 

Order  Fagales. 
Pistillate  flowers  forming  an  aggregate  fruit :  fruits  drupe-like. 

Artocarpaceae  in  Order  Ubticales. 
Flowers    at  least  the  staminate,  not  in  aments. 
a.  Ovary  superior. 

Gynoecium  of  1  or  several  and  distinct  carpels  :  stigma  and  style 
solitary. 
Carpel  solitary. 

Stamens  borne  under  the  gynoecium. 

Pisoniaceae  in  Order  Chenopodiales. 
Stamens  borne  on  the  hypanthium   or  adnate   to  the  calyx- 
tube.  Order  Tiiymeleales. 
Carpels  several.                                       Families  in  Order  Raxales. 
Gynoecium  of  2  or  several  united  carpels :  stigmas  or  styles  2  or 
several. 
*  Ovary,  by  abortion,  1-celled  and  1-ovuled. 
Leaves  with  sheathing  stipules   (ocreae). 

Order  Polygoxales. 
Leaves   estipulate.   or   if  stipules   are   present  they  are  not 
sheathing. 
Trees. 

Anthers    opening    by    slits :    ovary    not    seated    in    a 
hypanthium.  Ulmaceae  in  Order  Urticales. 

Anthers    opening   by   hinged   valves :    ovary   seated   in 
an  accrescent  hypanthium. 

I^auraceae  in  Order  Tiiymeleales. 
Vines.  Order  Chexopodi-vles. 


Vlll  KEY  TO  THE  OEDEES 

**  Ovary    several-celled,    or    with    several    placentae,    several- 
ovuled. 
Stamens   hypogynoiis,   inserted   under   the   gynoecium   in   the 
perfect  flowers,  not  on  a  disk  in  the  pistillate  flowers. 
Gynoecium  5-carpellary,  the  carpels  nearly  distinct. 

Buettneriaceae  in  Order  Malvales. 
Gynoecium  2-4-carpellary,  the  carpels  united. 

Oleaceae  in  Order  Oleales. 

Stamens  perigynous  or  epigynous,  inserted  on  the  margin  of 

a  hypanthium  or  a  disk. 

Fruit  a  samara.  Families  in  Order  Sapindales. 

Fruit  not  a  samara.  Order  Rhamnales. 

b.  Ovary  inferior. 

Fruit  a  berry  or  a  drupe,  or  nut-like. 

Calyx  deciduous  as  a  lid  :  stamens  numerous. 

Galyptranthes  in  Order  Myetales. 
Calyx  of  valvate  or  imbricate  sepals  :  stamens  few. 

Ovules    mostly    on    basal    placentae,    sometimes    pendulous : 
cotyledons  not  convolute :  tree  or  root-parasites. 

Order  Santalales. 

Ovules   not   on   basal   placentae :    cotyledons   convolute :   not 

parasitic  plants.  Families  in  Order  Myrtales. 

Fruit  a  capsule.  Order  Myrtales. 

B.  Corolla  present. 

*  Petals  distinct,  at  least  at  the  base. 

Carpels  solitary,  or  several  and  distinct,  or  united  only  at  the  base. 

Stamens  at  the  base  of  the  receptacle,  i.  e.,  hypogynous.     Order  Ranales. 
Stamens  on  the  margin  of  a  hypanthium. 

Plants  without  secreting  glands  in  the  bark.  Order  Rosales. 

Plants  with  secreting  glands  in  the  bark. 

Surianaceae  in  Order  Geraniales. 
Carpels  several  and  united. 
t  Ovary  superior. 

t  Stamens  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  ovary  or  receptacle. 
§  Stamens  numerous. 
Sepals  imbricated. 

Calyx  deciduous.  Order  Papaverales. 

Calyx  persistent. 

Leaves  glandular  or  pellucid-punctate. 

Rutaceae  in  Order  Geraniales. 
Leaves  not  glandular. 

Capparidaceae  in  Order  Papaverales. 
Sepals  valvate. 

Stamens  with  distinct  filaments. 

Ovary  1-celled :  placentae  parietal. 

Capparidaceae  in  Order  Papaverales. 
Ovary  2-several-celled  :  placentae  axile  or  central. 

Families  in  Order  Malvales. 
Stamens  with  united  filaments.  Order  Malvales. 

§§  Stamens  few,  not  over  twice  as  many  as  the  petals. 
Stamens  as  many  as  in  the  petals  and  opposite  them. 

Flowers  monoecious.     Euphorbiaceae  in  Order  Euphorbiales. 
Flowers  perfect. 
Stamens    as   many   as   the    petals   and   alternate   with   them,    or 
more,  sometimes  twice  as  many. 
Stamens  6  :  petals  4  :  sepals  2  or  4. 

Families  in  Order  Papaverales. 
Stamens,  petals  and  sepals  of  the  same  number,  or  stamens 
more,  usually  twice  as  many  as  the  sepals  or  petals. 
Ovary   1-celled. 
Stigmas  2-cleft. 

Anther  with  an  inconspicuous  connective. 
Anther  with  the  conspicuous  connective  produced 
beyond  the  sacs. 

Papayaceae  in  Order  Passiflorales. 
Stigmas  entire. 

Stamens  with  united  filaments  and  no  staminodia. 
Families  in  Order  Malvales. 
Stamens  with  distinct  filaments. 

Families  in  Order  Hypekicales. 
Ovary  several-celled. 

Stamens  with  wholly  or  partly  united  filaments. 

Families  in  Order  Geraniales. 
Stamens  with  distinct  filaments. 
Anthers  opening  by  pores. 

Families  in  Order  Ericales. 
Anthers  opening  by  slits. 


KEY  TO  THE  OEDEES  ix 

Stigmas   or   styles   distinct   and   cleft,   or   foli- 
aceous,  or  united  by  pairs. 

Order  Euphorbiales. 
Stigmas    or   styles    all    distinct    or    all    united, 
neither    cleft    nor    foliaceous. 
Stamens   2.  Oleaceae  in  Order  Oleales. 

Stamens   more  than   2. 

Leaves  with  compound  blades. 

Families  in  Order  Geraniales. 
Leaves  with  simple  blades. 

Ovule  solitary  in  each  carpel. 

Families  in  Order  Geraniales. 
Ovules  2  or  more  in  each  carpel. 

Tiliaceae  in  Order  Malvales. 
?+  Stamens  inserted  on  the  margin  of  a  disk  or  hypanthium  (perigynous 
or  hypogynous). 
Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  and  opposite  them. 
Ovules  and  seeds  numerous. 

Moringaceae  in  Order  Papa\-erales. 

Ovules  and  seeds  solitary  or  2.  Order  Rhamnales 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  and  alternate  with  them,  or  more 

or  many. 

Styles  distinct.  Order  Sapindales. 

Styles  united. 

Hypanthium  flat  or  obsolete  :  disk  fleshy. 

Plants  without  secreting  glands  in  the  bark. 

„  Order  Sapindales. 

Plants  with  secreting  glands  in  the  bark. 

Families  in  Order  Geraniales. 
Hypanthium    cup-shaped    or   campanulate :    disk   obsolete   or 
inconspicuous.  Order  Myrtales. 

ttOvary  inferior. 

Stamens  numerous. 

Styles  distinct.  Families  In  Order  Rosales. 

Styles  united.  Families  in  Order  Myrtales. 

Stamens  not  more  than  twice  as  many  as  the  petals. 
Styles  distinct. 

Ovules  several  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary  :  fruit  a  capsule  or 

a  fleshy  many-seeded  berry.  Families  in  Order  Rosales. 

Ovules  solitary  in  each   cavity  of  the   ovary  :   fruit  a   drupe  or 

2-5  more  or  less  united  achenes.  Order  Ammiales. 

Styles  united,  or  single. 

Ovules  solitary  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary.     Order  Ammiales. 
Ovules  several  in  each  cavity.         Families  in  Order  Myrtales. 
Petals  more  or  less  united. 
Ovary  superior. 

Stamens  free  from  the  corolla. 

Gynoecium  of  a  single  carpel.  Families  in  Order  Rosales. 

Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels. 

Filaments  united.  Families  in  Order  Ericales. 

Filaments  distinct. 

Styles  wanting  or  very  short :  stigma  sessile. 

Aquifoliaceae  in  Order  Sapindales. 
Styles  elongate.  Family  in  Order  Ericales. 

Stamens  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla. 

Stamens  as   many   as   the   lobes   of  the   corolla   and   opposite   them,   or 
twice  as  many  or  more. 
Ovary  1-celIed.  Order  Primijlales. 

Ovary  several-celled.  Order  Ebexales. 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  lobes  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  them, 
or  fewer. 
Corolla  not  scarious,  veiny  :  fruit  various,  but  not  a  pyxis 

Gynoecium  of  3-6  carpels.     Aquifoliaceae  in  Order  Sapindales. 
Gynoecium  of  2  carpels. 

Carpels  distinct,  except  sometimes  at  the  apex. 

Order  Asclepiadales. 
Carpels  united. 

Stamens  2  and  opposite  each  other,  or  3.        Order  Oleales. 
Stamens  usually  4   or  5,   if   2  by   reduction  not   opposite 
each  other.  Order  Polemoni.vles. 

Corolla  scarious,  veinless  :  fruit  a  pyxis. 
Ovary  inferior. 

Ovary  with  2-many  fertile  cavities  and  2-many  ovules  :  calyx  unmodified, 

at  least  not  a  pappus. 

Ovules  mostly  on  basal  placentae  :  plants  parasitic. 

^     ,  .       ,  Order  Santalales. 

Ovules    variously    borne,    but    not    on    a    basal    placenta :    plants    not 

parasitic.  Order  Ruriales. 

Ovary  with  one  fertile  cavity.  Order  Carduales. 


TREES  OF  FLORIDA. 


Subkingdom  SPERMATOPHYTA.     Seed  Plants. 
Plants  producing  flowers  and  seeds.    A  seed  contains  an  embryo 
consisting  of  a  short  stem  (radicle  or  caiilicle),  one,  two  or  several 
rudimentary  leaves  (cotyledons),  and  a  terminal  bud  (plumule). 

Ovules,  and  seeds,  borne  on  the  face  of  a  scale  :  stigma  wanting.  I-  Gtmnospeemae. 

Ovules,   and  seeds,  borne  in  a  closed  cavity    (ovary)  :   stigma 

present.  II.  Axgiospermae. 

Class  I.     GYMNOSPERMAE.     Cone  Plants. 

Carpel,  or  pistil,  represented  by  a  scale  upon  the  face  of  which 
the  ovules  are  borne  and  the  naked  seeds  are  matured. 

Order  FINALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  scale-like  or  narrow,  or  needle-like  and  often 
borne  in  bundles.  Flowers  mainly  monoecious,  the  cones  of  spirally  imbri- 
cate bracts,  or  in  Taxaceae  the  ovulate  flowers  often  solitary.  Seeds  borne 
in  cones  of  dry  or  fleshy  scales,  enclosed,  or  wholly  or  partially  naked. 

Ovulate  flowers  several,  with  carpellary  scales,  these  sometimes  bracted :  cone  either 
dry  or  fleshy. 
Carpellary  scales  with  bracts,  not   peltate :   ovules  inverted :   buds  scaly :   wing 
accompanying  the  seed  a  portion  of  the  carpellary  scale. 

Fam.  1.    PiNACEAE. 

Carpellary  scales  with  bracts,  mostly  peltate,  or  fleshy  : 

ovules  erect :  buds  naked  :  wing  of  the  seed,  when 

present,  a  portion  of  the  testa.  Fam.  2.  Juniperaceae. 

Ovulate  flowers  solitary  or  2,  without  carpellary  scales  : 

cone  drupaceous  or  baccate.  Fam.  3.  Taxaceae. 

Family  1.    PINACEAE.     Pine  Family. 

Mostly  evergreen  resin-yielding  shrubs  or  trees,  typically  conic,  with 
flaky  or  brittle  bark,  the  buds  scaly.  Leaves  narrow  and  solitary  or 
needle-like  and  usually  several  together,  each  group  with  a  sheath  at  the 
base.  Ovulate  aments  with  bracted  scales.  Ovules  inverted.  Cone  of  dry 
scales.     Seeds  usually  2  on  each  scale,  often  samara-like. 

1.  PINTJS  [Tourn.]  L.  Trees  or  rarely  shrubs.  Leaves  needle-like,  in  2 's 
or  3  's  and  each  with  2  fibro-vascular  bundles.  Staminate  aments  elongate,  at 
the  ends  of  branches  of  the  preceding  year.  Ovulate  aments  globular  or  slightly 
elongate.  Cones  spreading:  scales  at  length  woody  and  spreading,  each  with 
a  dorsal  usually  spine-armed  appendage.  Seed  samara-like.  —  Winter  or  spr.  — 
Pine. 

Resin-ducts  of  the  leaf  contiguous  to  the  fibro-vascular  bundle. 

Cones  elongate,  of  a  conic  type  and  over  twice  as  long  as  thick  when  closed, 
slightly  umbonate,  the  scale-appendages  flat  or  slightly  elevated,  with 
decidedly  recurved  or  hooked  spines. 

Trees  of  Florida  1  1 


Library 
N.  C.  State  College 


^  PINACEAE. 

Cone-scales  thin-edged,  the  appendages  flattish,  the  spines  hooked. 

1.  P.  pahistris. 
Cone-scales   thick-edged,  the  appendages  turgid,  the  spines 

slightly  recurved.  2.  P.  carihaca. 

Cones  short,  of  an  ovoid  type  and  less  than  twice  as  long  as 
thick  when  closed,  prominently  umbonate,  the  scale-ap- 
pendages elevated,  often  pyramidal,  with  nearly  straight  or 
decurved   spines.  3.  p.  EUiottii. 

Resin-ducts  of  the  leaf  remote  from  the  fibro-vascular  bundle. 

Cones  over  9  cm.  long,  of  an  elongate  type  when  open  ;  scales 

with  stout  spines.  4.  p.  Taeda. 

Cones  less  than  9  cm.  long,  of  a  short  type  when  open ;  scales 
with  slender  minute  or  obsolete  spines. 
Cones  ovoid  or  globular-ovoid  when  closed  :  leaves  15-25  cm. 

long,  about  2  mm.  wide.  5.  P.  serotina. 

Cones  narrowly   conic   when   closed :    leaves   4-12  cm.    long, 
about  1  mm.  wide. 
Cone-scales    readily    opening,    each    with    a    slender    or 
minute  spine  towards  the  front  of  the  appendage, 
the  spine  sometimes  deciduous  or  obsolete. 
Cones    mainly    less    than   5    cm.    long :    scales    of   the 
staminate  aments  erose-toothed  at  the  apex  :  bark 
of  the  trunk  relatively  close  and  smooth.  6.  P.  glabra. 

Cones  mainly  over  5  cm.  long  :  scales  of  the  staminate 
aments  entire  :  bark  of  the  trunk  very  rough  and 
shaggy.  7.  P.  echinata. 

Cone-scales  tardily  opening  or  permanently  closed,  each 
with  a  firm  spine  at  the  middle  or  towards  the  back 
of  the  appendage.  8.  P.  clausa. 

1.  P.  palustris  Mill.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  irregularly  branched  above,  the 
bark  in  large  plates:  leaves  typically  in  3 's,  20^0  cm.  long,  bright-green,  borne 
in  terminal  plumes:  staminate  aments  5.5-8  cm.  long:  cones  16-25  cm,  long, 
narrowly  conic  when  closed,  broadly  conic  when  open,  each  scale-appendage  with 
a  recurved  spine:  seeds  12-13  mm.  long,  the  wing  4.5-5  cm.  long 

The  LONG-LE.AF  PINE  forms  open  forests  in  sandy  soil,  usually  In  dry  places,  in 
Florida,  except  the  lower  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  light-red  or  orange  heart-wood 
is  coarse-grained,  heavy,  hard,  strong,  and  durable.  Also  known  as  Yellow-pine. 
Southern-pine.     Georgia-pine.     Pitch-pine.      (Cont.) 

2.  P.  caribaea  Morelet.  A  tree  usually  smaller  than  P.  palustris:  leaves  in 
2's  or  3's,  18-30  cm.  long  or  shorter,  bright-green:  staminate  aments  2.5-4  em. 
long:  half  mature  ovulate  aments  ascending:  cones  8-15  cm.  long,  cylindric- 
conie  when  closed,  cylindric  or  ovoid-cylindric  when  open:  each  scale-appendage 
turgid:   seeds  4-7  mm.  long,  the  wing  2-2.5  cm.  long,  or  smaller. 

The  Sl.^sh-pine  grows  in  dry  sand  close  to  most  of  the  coast  line  of  Florida,  and 
on  rock  on  the  Everglade  Keys,  the  lower  Florida  Keys  and  a  few  of  the  upper  keys. 
The  orange-colored  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  often  quite  durable. 
Also  known   as   Swamp-pine. 

3.  P.  Elliottii  Engelm.  A  tree  becoming  30  m.  tall :  leaves  in  2  's  or  3  's,  deep- 
green:  staminate  aments  3.5-5  cm.  long:  half  mature  ovulate  aments  recurved: 
cones  S-12  cm.  long,  narrowly  ovoid  when  closed,  broadly  ovoid  when  open, 
each  scale-appendage  very  prominent:  seeds  6-8  mm.  long,  the  wing  2-3  cm. 
long. 

The  Swamp-pine  grows  in  shallow  ponds  and  swamps,  and  in  low  grounds 
which  are  dry  part  of  the  year,  in  northern  Florida  and  in  the  peninsula  as  far  south 
as  the  Everglade  region.  The  yellowish-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy, 
hard,  and  tough.     Also  known  as  Blue-pine.      (Cont.) 

4.  P.  Taeda  L.  Tree  becoming  46  m.  tall,  the  dark  bark  deeply  furrowed,  very 
rough,  exfoliating  in  coarse  plates:  leaves  in  3's,  glaucous,  15-28  cm.  long: 
cones  10-13  cm.  long,  narrowly  conic  when  closed,  cylindric  or  conic-cylindric 
when  open,  the  scale-appendages  thick,  projecting  little,  if  at  all,  beyond  the 
small  spine:  seeds  6-7  mm.  long,  the  wing  about  2  cm.  long. 

The  Old-field  pine  grows  in  usually  dry  sandy  soil  in  Florida,  except  in  the 
southern  half  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  brittle,  and 
not  durable.     Also  knowTi  as  Loblolly-pine.      (Cont.) 

5.  P.  serotina  Michx.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall,  with  many  short  irregular 
branches  near  the  base,  the  bark  flaky:  leaves  in  3's,  glaucous,  15-25  cm.  long. 


JUNIPERACEAE.  3 

crowded;  sheaths  about  15  mm.  long:  staminate  aments  1.5-2  cm.  long:  cones 
4-6  cm.  long,  ovoid  or  globular-ovoid  when  closed,  very  broad  when  open,  each 
scale  with  a  thick  appendage  and  a  minute  spine:  seeds  3-4  mm.  long,  the 
wing  nearly  2  cm.  long. 

The  Pond-pine  grows  in  swamps  and  shallow  ponds  in  eastern  Florida.  The 
orange-colored  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  soft,  heavy,  and  brittle.  Also  known  as 
Black-pine  or  Marsh-pine.      (Cont.) 

6.  P.  glabra  Walt.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  the  trunk  with  a  relatively 
smooth  bark  and  often  with  spreading  branches  near  the  base:  leaves  in  2's, 
glaucous,  4-8  cm.  long,  very  slender;  sheaths  5-8  mm.  long:  staminate  aments 
about  1  cm.  long:  cones  3.5-5  cm.  long,  conic  when  closed,  ovoid  when  open, 
each  appendage  with  a  minute  or  almost  obsolete  spine :  seeds  about  4  mm.  long, 
the  wing  usually  1.5  cm.  long. 

The  Speuce-pine  grows  in  rich  soil  in  river-swamps  or  hammocks  in  northern 
Florida  and  the  upper  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  pale-brown  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  light,  soft,  and  brittle.  Sometimes  known  as  Cedar-pine  or  White-pine. 
(Cont.) 

7.  P.  echinata  Mill.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  the  bark  very  rough  and 
coarsely  furrowed :  leaves  in  2  's  or  rarely  in  3  's,  deep-green,  8-12  cm.  long, 
slender ;  sheaths  10-15  mm.  long :  cones  5-6.5  cm.  long,  conic  when  closed,  ovoid 
when  open,  each  scale-appendage  armed  with  a  slender  spine:  seeds  4-5  mm. 
long,  the  wing  1.5-2  cm.  long. 

The  SnoitT-LEAF  PINE  grows  in  sandy  soil  in  northern  Florida.  The  yellowish 
or  orange-colored  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  hard,  heavy,  and  rather  strong.  Also 
known    as    Yellow-pine.      (Cont.) 

8.  P.  clausa  (Engelm.)  Vasey.  Tree  becoming  24  m.  tall,  the  bark  relatively 
smooth:  leaves  in  2's,  deep-green,  4-8  cm.  long,  very  slender;  sheaths  5-7  mm. 
long:  cones  4.5—6  cm.  long,  conic  when  closed,  ovoid  when  open,  each  scale- 
appendage  with  a  stout  spine  at  the  middle  or  behind  it:  seeds  4  mm.  long,  the 
wing  about  1.5  cm.  long. 

The  Sand-pine  grows  in  sand  locally  throughout  Florida,  except  the  extreme- 
southern  part.  The  yellow  or  orange  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  soft,  light, 
and  weak.  Also  known  as  Spruce-pine.  Grows  naturally  outside  of  Florida  only  ia 
adjacent  Alabama. 

Family  2.     JUNIPERACEAE.     Juniper  Family. 

Mostly  evergreen  often  slightly  resiniferous  shrubs  or  trees,  with 
fibrous,  shreddy  bark,  the  buds  naked.  Leaves  mainly  appressed  scales  or 
sometimes  subulate  and  spreading.  Ovulate  aments  with  bractless  scales. 
Ovules  erect.  Cone  of  dry  often  peltate,  scales,  or  baccate  or  drujjaceous. 
Seed  wingless,  or  winged,  the  Aving  a  portion  of  the  testa. 

Plants  monoecious  :  cones  dry  :  scales  merely  imbricate. 

Staminate  aments  in  drooping  spikes  or  racemes,  the  scales 

spiral  :  seeds  angled  :   leaves  deciduous.  1.  Taxodium. 

Staminate  aments  terminating  short  erect  twigs,  the  scales 

decussately  opposite  :  seeds  winged  :  leaves  persistent.  2.   Chamaecypakis. 

Plants    mostly    dioecious :    cones    berry-like    or    drupe-like  :    scales 

lalescent.  3.   Sabina. 


1.  TAXODIUM  L.  C.  Eich.  Deciduous-leaved  trees,  the  roots  producing 
erect  conic  knees.  Leaves  often  almost  2-ranked:  blades  narrow.  Staminate 
aments  in  panicled  spikes  or  racemes.  Ovulate  aments  with  peltate  scales. 
Cones  spreading,  globular  or  obovoid,  the  scales  woody,  stalked.  Seeds  wingless. 
—  Spr.  —  Cypress. 

Leaves  2-ranked,  widely  spreading :  branchlets  horizontal :  bark  thin,  comparatively 
smooth.  1.   T.  disticJnim. 

Leaves  appressed  to  the  erect  branchlets  :  bark  thick,  strongly 

furrowed.  2.   T.  a.sccn(lcn8. 


4  TAXACEAE. 

1,  T.  distichum  (L.)  L.  C.  Eich.  A  tree  becoming  49  m.  tall:  trunk  straight, 
the  base  of  trunk  conic,  narrowly  ridged,  the  bark  thin,  relatively  smooth: 
leaves  often  curved;  blades  1-1.5  cm.  long:  cones  globular,  about  2.5  cm.  in 
diameter:  seeds  8-10  mm.  long. 

The  Bald-cypress  grows  in  swamps  or  on  river  banks  nearly  throughout  Florida, 
except  on  the  Keys.  The  reddish  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  soft,  light,  and  rather 
weak.     Also  known  as   Deciduous-cypress.      (Cont.) 

2.  T.  ascendens  Brongn.  A  tree  typically  smaller  than  T.  distichum,  but  with 
very  similar  inflorescence  and  fruit,  the  knees  less  abundant :  trunk  more  or  less 
sinuous,  with  a  conoidal  broadly  ridged  base:  leaves  incurved;  blades  0.5-1  cm. 
long. 

The  PoND-CYPRESS  grows  in  pineland  ponds,  creeks  and  small  rivers  throughout 
Florida,  except  the  southern  part  of  the  peninsula  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  reddish 
heart-wood  is  said  to  be  heavier  and  stronger  than  that  of  the  Bald-cypress.     (Cont.) 

2.  CHAMAECYPARIS  Spach.  Trees.  Leaves  scale-like  and  imbricate, 
each  with  a  gland  on  the  back,  or  sometimes  subulate  on  twigs.  Staminate 
aments  terminal.  Ovulate  aments  with  peltate  scales.  Cones  spreading,  globu- 
lar: scales  woody,  appendaged.     Seeds  winged.  —  Cypress. 

1.  C.  thyoides  (L.)  B.S.P.  A  strong-scented  tree  becoming  27  m.  tall:  leaves 
1-2  mm.  long,  appressed,  the  lateral  ones  keeled,  the  vertical  merely  convex: 
staminate  aments  2-3  mm.  long:  ovulate  aments  glaucous,  the  scales  with 
hyaline  appendages:  cones  globular,  5-7  mm.  in  diameter:  seeds  narrowly 
winged.  —  Spr. 

The  White-cedar  grows  in  sandy  swamps  in  middle  and  western  Florida.  The 
brown   heart-wood   is   close-grained,   light,   soft,   and   rather   weak.      (Cont.) 

3.  SABINA  Haller.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  scale-like,  except  sometimes 
on  twigs,  appressed,  often  imbricate,  each  with  a  gland  in  the  back.  Staminate 
aments  terminal  on  branchlets.  Ovulate  aments  with  ovules  opposite  the  scales. 
Cones   baccate.      Seeds    wingless.  —  Spr.  —  Cedar.     Savin. 

Staminate  aments  3-4  mm.  long :  cones  5-6  mm.  long.  1.  S.  rirginiana. 

Staminate  aments  4-5  mm.  long :  cones  3-4  mm.  long.  2.  8.  hurhadensis. 

1.  S.  virglniana  (L.)  Antoine.  A  tree  becoming  30  m.  tall:  scale-like  leaves 
opposite,  4-ranked,  1-4  mm.  long,  acute:  staminate  aments  3-4  mm.  long:  cones 
ovoid,  5-6  mm.  long,  glaucous:  seeds  3—4  mm.  long,  smooth. 

The  Red-cedar  grows  in  sandy  soil  and  on  ridges  in  northern  Florida.  The  red 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  soft  and  weak.     (Cont.) 

2.  S.  barbadensis  (L.)  Small.  A  shrub  or  tree  similar  to  S.  virginiana  in 
habit,  but  with  shorter  and  rather  thicker  leaves,  the  relatively  blunt  apex 
closely  appressed:  staminate  aments  4-5  mm.  long:  cones  ovoid  or  oval-ovoid, 
3—4  mm.  long. 

The  Southern  red-cedar  grows  in  low  or  damp  sandy  places  in  Florida, 
except  the  southern  half  of  the  peninsula.  The  red  heart-wood  is  similar  to  that  of 
the  Red-cedar.     Also  known  as  Barbados-cedar.      (Cont.  W.  I.) 

Family  3.     TAXACEAE.     Yew  Family. 

Evergreen  shrubs  or  trees,  mostly  destitute  of  resin,  the  buds  scaly. 
Leaves  distichously  spreading-:  blades  narrow,  entire.  Staminate  aments 
mostly  few-flowered,  with  scaly  involucres.  Ovulate  aments,  mostly  1-flow- 
ered,  the  carpellaiy  scale  wanting.  Cone  baccate  or  drupaceous,  with 
a  wholly  or  partially  enveloping  pulpy  aril. 

Ovulate  flowers  usually  2  together :  ovule  borne  in  a  cup :  seed  enclosed  in  the  accres- 
cent cup  :  endosperm  channeled  :  pollen-sacs  4.  1.  Tdmiox. 

Ovulate  flowers  usually  solitary  :  ovule  borne  in  a  cup :  seed  sur- 
rounded by  the  accrescent  cup  :  endosperm  even  :  pollen-sacs  more 
than  4.  2.  Taxos. 


AKECACEAE.  5 

1.  TUMION  Eaf.  Trees.  Leaves  rigid.  Staminate  anients  with  4  polleu- 
sacs  under  each  scale.  Ovulate  aments  usually  with  2  ovules.  Seeds  baccate 
the  pericarp  fleshy.  —  Torkeya. 

1.  T.  taxifolium  (Arn.)  Greene.  A  tree  becoming  IS  m.  tall,  with  a  disagree- 
able odor  when  bruised:  leaf-blades  linear,  1.5-3  cm.  long,  firm-tipped:  stami- 
nate aments  5-8  mm.  long:  cones  globose-oblong  or  somewhat  obovoid,  3-4  cm. 
long,  glaucous. 

The  Stinking-cedae  grows  on  the  hanks  of  the  Apahichicohi  river.  The  yellow 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  hard,  and  durable.      (Endemic.) 

2.  TAXUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  leathery.  Staminate 
aments  with  mostly  6-8  pollen-sacs  under  each  scale.  Ovulate  aments  with  1 
ovule  each.     Seeds  nut-like,  surrounded  by  the  pulpy  aril,  except  the  apex. 

1.  T.  floridana  Nutt.  A  tree  becoming  6  m.  tall,  pleasant-scented  when  bruised : 
leaf -blades  narrowly  linear,  1-2  cm.  long,  sharply  apiculate:  cones  light-red, 
6-10  mm.  long,  the  seed  ovoid,  5-7  mm.  long. 

The  Florida-yew  grows  on  the  banks  of  the  Apalachicola  river.  The  brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  hard,  and  heavy.      (Endemic.) 

Class  II.     ANGIOSPERMAE.     Fruit  Plants. 

Carpel  or  pistil  formed  by  the  uniting  of  the  margins  of  one  or 
of  several  rudimentary  leaves;  within  the  cavity  thus  formed  the 
ovules  are  borne  and  the  seeds  matured. 

Cotyledon  1 :  leaf-blades  with  primary  or  lateral  veins  parallel :  stem  endogenous. 

Subclass  1.    MONOCOTYLEDOXES. 

Cotyledons  normally  2  :  leaf-blades  with  the  veins 

netted:  stem  exogenous  (with  rare  exceptions).        Subclass  2.  Dicotyledones. 

Subclass  1.     MONOCOTYLEDONES. 

Stem  consisting  of  a  ground-mass  of  soft  tissue  in  which 
bundles  of  wood-cells  are  irregularly  placed.    Early  leaves  alternate. 

Order  ARECALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  with  a  single  terminal  bud.  Leaves  at  the  end  of  the 
stem:  blades  plaited,  pinnate  or  flabellate.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous 
or  dioecious,  on  axillary  compound  spadiees.  Perianth  of  6  fleshy  mem- 
bers in  2  series.  Androecium  of  6,  or  9-12,  stamens.  Gynoeeium  of  3 
distinct  or  united  carpels.     Fruit  drupaceous  or  baccate. 

Family  1.    ARECACEAE.       Palm  Family. 

Stem  with  a  terminal  crown  of  leaves.  Inflorescence  at  first  included 
in  a  large  bract  (spathe),  from  which  it  ultimately  protrudes. 

Leaf-blades  flabellate. 

Calyx  and  corolla  united  into  a  (Mobed  or  truncate  cup,  or  obsolete. 

Endosperm  even  :   drupe  with  white  flesh.  1.   Tiirinax. 

Endosperm  channeled  :  drupe  with  black  flesh.  2.   Coccotiirixax. 

Calyx  and  corolla  distinct  and  manifestly  in  2  series. 

Style  or  stigma  basal  on  the  drupe.  3.   Sabal. 

Style  or  stigma  terminating  the  drupe. 

B^ilaments  narrow  :  anthers  elongate  :  seed  elongate.         4.   Serenoa. 
Filaments    dilated :     anthers     didymous :     seed     de- 
pressed, o.   Paurotis. 
Leaf-blades  pinnate. 


6  AEECACEAE. 

Drupe   with    style    or   stigmas   nearly "  basal :    stamens    ex- 
serted  :  endosperm  not  enclosing  a  milky  juice. 
Drupe  violet-blue  :  branches  of  the  spadix  erect  or  as- 
cending. 6.    ROTSTOXEA. 
Drupe  orange-scarlet :  branches  of  the  spadix  spreading.        7.  Pseudophoexix. 
Drupe  with  style  or  stigmas  terminal  :  stamens  included  : 

endosperm  hollow,  enclosing  a  milky  juice.  8.  Cocos. 

1.  THEINAX  L.  Unarmed  trees.  Leaves  with  flabellate  blades  pale  or 
silvery-scurfy  beneath,  and  smooth  petioles.  Spadix  relatively  long.  Stamens 
mostly  6:  filaments  united  at  the  base.  Style  concave  or  flat.  Drupe  ivory- 
white.  —  Spr.  —  Thatch-palm. 

The  wood  of  the  Thatch-paljis  is  brown,  hard  without  and  soft  within. 
Flowers  slender-pedicelled :  sepals  and  petals  united  into  an  obscurely  lobed  or  trun- 
cate cup  :  filaments  subulate  :  stigma  oblique.  1.   T.  floridana. 
Flowers  on  short  disk-like  pedicels  :  sepals  and  petals  partially 
united,    acute :    filaments   nearly    triangular :    stigma    not 
oblique. 
Trunk   without   a  basal   enlargement:   spadix   3-6   dm.    long: 

drupe  3-4  mm.  in  diameter.  2.   T.  microcarpa. 

Trunk  with  a  basal  enlargement :  spadix  nearly  2  m.   long : 

drupe  5-6  mm.  in  diameter.  3.   T.  keyensis. 

1.  T.  floridana  Sarg.  Slender  tree,  9  m.  tall.  Leaf-blades  9-13  dm.  broad, 
yellowish-green  and  lustrous  above:  ligule  5-7  cm.  broad:  spadix  about  10  dm. 
long:  pedicels  about  3  mm.  long:  filaments  subulate:  drupe  8-12  mm.  thick,  or 
rarely  smaller. 

The  Florida  thatch-palm  grows  in  hammocks  and  on  sandy  shores  in  the 
lower  portion  of  the  western  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  on  the  upper  and  the  lower 
Florida  Keys.      (Bah.,  Cuba.) 

2.  T.  microcarpa  Sarg.  Stout  tree  10  m.  tall.  Leaf -blades  about  10  dm.  broad, 
pale-green  above:  ligule  2-2.5  cm.  broad:  spadix  3-6  dm.  long:  pedicels  disk- 
like:  filaments  triangular:   drupe  3-4  mm.  thick. 

The  Brittle-thatch  grows  in  hammocks  and  on  sandy  shores  at  the  lower  end 
of  peninsular  Florida  and  on  several  of  the  lower  Florida  Keys.      (Bah.,  Cuba.) 

3.  T.  keyensis  Sarg.  Eelatively  stout  tree  8  m.  tall,  the  trunk  raised  on  a 
base  of  matted  roots.  Leaf -blades  about  10  dm.  broad,  yellowish-green  above: 
ligule  about  2.5  cm.  wide:  spadix  nearly  20  dm.  long:  pedicels  disk-like:  drupe 
5-6  mm.  thick. 

The  Key-thatch  grows  on  sandy  shores  and  in  hammocks  on  a  few  of  the  lower 
Florida  Keys.     (Bah.) 

2.  COCCOTHRINAX  Sarg.  Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  with  flab- 
ellate blades  silvery  or  pale-scurfy  beneath,  and  smooth  petioles.  Spadix 
relatively  short.  Stamens  mostly  9:  filaments  distinct  or  nearly  so.  Style 
funnelform.     Drupe  black  or  purple-black.  —  Silver  thatch-palm. 

1.  C.  argentea  (Lodd.)  Sarg.  Small  tree  or  shrub.  Leaf -blades  2-7  dm.  broad, 
the  ligule  1-1.5  cm.  broad:  spadix  2-4  dm.  long:  mature  pedicels  1-2  mm. 
long:  drupe  7-10  mm.  thick.  —  Spr. 

The  Silver-palm  grows  in  pinelands,  and  rarely  in  hammocks,  on  the  Everglade 
Keys  and  Florida  Keys.    The  wood  is  brown,  hard  without  and  soft  within.     (W.  I.) 

3.  SABAL  Adaus.  Unarmed  shrubs,  with  horizontal  or  contorted  root- 
stocks,  or  trees.  Leaves  upright  or  spreading:  blades  flabellate,  glabrous. 
Spadix  upright  during  anthesis,  or  spreading.  Stamens  equal  or  nearly  so: 
filaments  narrow.     Drupe  globose,  spheroidal  or  obovoid.  —  Palmetto. 

1.  S.  Palmetto  (Walt.)  E.  &  S.  Trunk  28  m.  tall.  Leaf-blades  cordate  at  the 
base:  ligules  about  10  cm.  long:  spadix-branches  loosely  flowered:  anthers  obtuse 
or  notched :  seeds  spheroidal.  —  Spr. 

The  Cabbage-palmetto  grows  in  open  sandy  or  rocky  soil  or  in  hammocks  nearly 
throughout  peninsular  Florida,  along  the  western  coast  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Apala- 
chicolu  river,  and  on  the  lower  Keys.  The  wood  is  light-ln-own  and  soft,  but  harder 
within  than  near  the  surface.  Also  known  as  Cabbage-palm  or  Cabbage-tree. 
(Cont.,  Bah.) 


AKECACEAE.  7 

4.  SEKENOA  Hook.  Armed  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  upright  or  spread- 
ing: blades  flabellate,  cordate  at  the  base:  petioles  with  recurved  spines. 
Stamens  unequal,  those  opposite  the  petals  with  the  broader  filaments.  Drupe 
and  seed  oblong. 

1.  S,  serrulata  (Michx.)  Hook.  Trunk  9  m,  tall  or  less,  or  usually  horizontal. 
Leaf-blades  suborbicular,  green  or  glaucous,  3-S  dm.  broad,  cordate  at  the 
base:  petioles  with  firm  spines:  petals  4-4.5  mm.  long:  drupe  15-25  mm.  long. 
—  Spr. 

The  SAW-PAT,:vrETTo  grows  in  pinelanrts,  hammocks  and  low  savannahs  nearly 
throughout  northern  and  peninsular  Florida,  and  also  on  the  lower  Florida  Keys. 
The  wood  is  brownish,  light,  and  soft,  especially  near  the  center  of  the  trunk.     {Cont.) 

5.  PAUROTIS  O.  F.  Cook.  Armed  trees.  Leaves  spreading:  blades  fla- 
bellate: petiole  with  upcurved  spines.  Stamens  equal  or  essentially  so,  the 
filaments  broad.     Stigmas  terminal.     Drupe  globular.     Seed  depressed. 

1.  P.  Wrightii  (Griseb.)  Britton.  Trunks  solitary  or  several,  12  m.  tall.  Leaf- 
blades  half -orbicular,  5-8  dm.  broad,  truncate  at  the  base,  the  segments  slen- 
derly attenuate;  petioles  with  flat  orange  teeth:  petals  about  1  mm.  long: 
drupe  8-10  mm.  thick.  —  Spr. 

The  Saw  cabbage-pal]m  grows  in  low  savannahs  and  hammocks  near  the  Cho- 
koloskee  River  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Cape  Sable  in  southern  peninsular  Florida.  The 
wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.       (Bah.,  Cuba.) 

6.  ROYSTONEA  O.  F.  Cook.  Unarmed  trees.  Leaves  spreading:  blades 
pinnate:  petiole  nearly  terete  above.  Spadix  pendulous.  Petals  valvate, 
deciduous.     Drupe  sessile.     Seeds  reniform. 

1.  R.  regia  (H.B.K.)  O.  F.  Cook.  A  stately  tree  30  m.  tall,  the  trunk  often 
fusiform.  Leaf -blades  2.5-3.5  m.  long,  the  larger  segments  7-9  dm.  long: 
perianth  of  the  staminate  flowers  6-7  mm.  long,  that  of  the  pistillate  barely  i 
as  large :  drupe  12-14  mm.  long,  violet-blue.  —  Winter  &  spr. 

The  Royal-palm  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  in  the  Ever- 
glades of  the  lower  portion  of  the  western  coast  of  Florida.  The  wood  is  pale-brown, 
rather  light,  very  soft  within,  but  hard  near  the  surface.      (Bah.,  Cuba,  Hisp.) 

7.  PSEUDOPHOENIX  H.  Wendl.  Unarmed  trees.  Leaves  spreading: 
blades  pinnate:  petioles  concave  throughout.  Spadix  spreading  during  anthe- 
sis.    Petals  valvate,  persistent.    Drupe  pedicelled.     Seeds  globular. 

1.  P.  Sargentii  H.  Wendl.  A  tree  8  m.  tall,  the  trunk  often  slightly  fusiform. 
Leaf -blades  1-1.5  m.  long,  the  larger  segments  4-4.5  dm.  long:  perianth  about 
1  cm.  wide:  petals  oblong  to  oval,  yellowish,  reflexed  in  age:  drupe  globular, 
or  2-3-lobed,  11-14  mm.  long,  orange-scarlet.  —  Spr. 

The  Hog  cabbage-palji  grows  in  hammocks  on  a  few  of  the  Florida  Keys  from 
Elliott's  Key  to  Long  Key.  The  wood  is  brown,  light,  and  soft.  Also  known  as 
Sargenfs-palm.      (Bah.,  Cuba,  Hisp.) 

8.  COCOS  L.  Unarmed  trees.  Leaves  spreading:  blades  pinnate.  Spadix 
ultimately  drooping.  Sepals  and  petals  of  the  staminate  flowers  valvate,  those 
of  the  pistillate  flowers  imbricate.  Drupe  3-angled,  with  a  fibrous  pericarp  and 
a  hard  endocarp. 

1.  C.  nucifera  L.  A  stately  tree  30  m.  tall.  Leaf-blades  3-5  m.  long,  the 
numerous  segments  5-7  dm.  long:  perianth  of  the  staminate  flower  fully  1  cm. 
long,  that  of  the  pistillate  larger:  drupe  oval  or  ovoid.  2-3  dm.  long,  sessile: 
endosperm  enclosing  a  milky  juice.  —  All  year. 

The  CocoANUT  grows  on  sandy  or  rocky  shores  and  in  shore  hammocks  in 
southern  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  Nat.  from  the  tropics.  The 
wood  is  brown,  rather  heavy,  and  hard.     Also  known  as  Coco-palm.      (W.  I.) 


8  DEACAENACEAE. 

Order  LILIALES. 

Herbs,  vines  or  trees.  Leaves  with  narrow  or  dilated  blades.  Flowers 
perfect,  polygamous  or  dioecious,  complete,  mostly  regular.  Perianth  of  6 
members  which  are  usually  disting-uishable  into  calyx  and  corolla,  sometimes 
partially  united.  Androecium  of  3  or  6  stamens.  Gynoecium  3-carpellary, 
or  rarely  2-cari3ellary.  Ovary  superior  or  essentially  so.  Fruit  capsular 
or  baccate. 

Family  1.    DRACAENACEAE.     Yucca  Family. 

Shrubby  plants  or  trees,  with  generally  copiously  leafy  caudices. 
Leaves  alternate :  blades  narrow,  firm  or  rigid,  sometimes  filiferous. 
Flowers  in  racemes  or  panicles  which  terminate  scape-like  stems.  Calyx 
of  3,  usually  white  or  pale  sepals.  Corolla  of  3  petals  nearly  similar  to 
the  sepals.  Androecium  of  6  stamens.  Gynoecium  3-carpellary.  Style 
stout,  sometimes  obsolete  during  anthesis.  Fruit  a  primarily  loculicidal 
capsule,  sometimes  indehiscent  or  baccate. 

1.  YUCCA  [Rupp.]  L.  Trunk  commonly  leafy  throughout.  Flowers  per- 
fect, relatively  large,  in  erect  racemes  or  panicles.  Sepals  and  petals  several- 
nerved,  deciduous.  Ovary  elongate,  slightly  lobed.  Ovules  numerous.  Capsule 
dehiscent  or  baccate.     Seeds  black.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  wood  of  the  following  species  is  yellowish  or  brownish,  light,  soft,  and 
spongy. 

Leaf-blades    smooth-edged :    ovary    sessile :    fruits    soon    drying : 

seeds  flat,  margined.  1.   Y.  gloriosa. 

Leaf-blades    scabro-serrulate :    ovary    stipitate :    fruits    permanently 

pulpy  :  seeds  turgid,  not  margined.  2.  Y.  aloifolia. 

1.  Y.  gloriosa  L.  Trunk  becoming  5  m.  tall,  usually  simple:  leaf-blades  with 
a  constricted  base,  3-5  dm.  long,  rigidly  pointed,  smooth  throughout:  panicles 
showy,  conic,  5-10  dm.  long  or  longer:  perianth  white,  4-5  cm.  long:  sepals 
and  petals  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acute:  fruits  leathery,  nodding, 
nearly  oblong,  constricted  at  or  near  the  middle,  5-6  cm.  long:  seeds  lustrous, 
6-7  mm.  long. 

The  Spamsh-bayonet  grows  on  sand-dunes  and  in  hammocks  near  the  coast  in 
northern  Florida.      (Gont.) 

2.  Y.  aloifolia  L.  Trunk  becoming  3  m.  tall,  commonly  branching:  leaf- 
blades  3-9  dm.  long,  rigidly  pointed,  more  or  less  constricted  between  the 
middle  and  the  dilated  base:  panicle  ample,  showy,  conic,  3-6  dm.  long: 
perianth  white,  often  tinged  with  purple,  4-6  cm.  long:  sepals  and  petals 
oblong  to  elliptic:  fruits  pulpy,  oblong,  nodding,  7-9  cm.  long. 

The  Spanish-dagger  grows  in  hammocks  and  on  dunes  near  the  coast  except 
on  the  Florida  Keys,  and  occasionally  in  pinelands  somewhat  inland.      (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

Subclass  2.     DICOTYLEDONES. 

Stem  consisting  of  pith,  wood  and  bark.    Early  leaves  opposite. 

Series  1.     CHORIPETALAE. 

Petals  separate  and  distinct  from  each  other,  or  wanting. 


JUGLANDACEAE.  9 

Order  CASUARINALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  Avitli  loosely  jointed  branches  resembling  stems  of 
Equisetum.  Leaves  scale-like,  whorled  at  the  nodes  and  decurrent  on  the 
internodes.  Flowers  monoecious,  the  staminate  in  slender  terminal  spikes 
with  imbricate  bracts,  often  with  a  posterior  and  anterior  perianth-member, 
and  1  stamen.  Pistillate  flowers  in  dense  cones  or  spikes,  the  perianth 
wanting.  Ovary  1-eelled.  Style-branches  slender.  Fruit  an  aggregate  of 
winged  achenes. 

Family  1.     CASUARINACEAE.     Beefwood  Family. 

Stems  with  more  or  less  whorled  branches.  Staminate  spikes  long- 
stalked.     Pistillate  spikes  short-stalked.     Gynoecium  2-carpellary. 

1.  CASUAEINA  Adans.  Stem  clothed  with  a  smooth  or  smoothish  bark, 
except  when  very  old.  Stamens  with  long  filaments  and  short  anthers. 
Stigmas  elongate.     Fruiting  spike  compact. 

1.  C.  equisetifolia  Forst.  Tree  often  10  m.  tall,  with  many  slender  branches: 
leaves  (scales)  1-3  mm.  long,  6-8  in  each  whorl:  staminate  spikes  1-4  em. 
long:  pistillate  spikes  globular,  becoming  1-2  cm.  in  diameter  in  fruit:  seed- 
wing  nearly  thrice  as  long  as  the  body.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Beefwood  grows  on  sandy  shores  in  southern  Florida,  particularly  on  the 
Keys.  It  is  native  of  Oceanica,  and  was  introduced  into  Florida  as  a  shade  tree. 
The  heart-wood  is  pink,  turning  dark,  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.  Also 
known  as  Australian-pine.      (ir.  /. ) 

Order   JUGLANDALES. 

Trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  pinnate.  Flowers  monoecious,  the 
staminate  in  lateral  aments  on  the  twigs  of  the  preceding  year,  with  a 
2-6-lobed  calyx  bearing  several  rows  of  stamens,  or  the  calyx  obsolete. 
Pistillate  flowers  terminal,  consisting  of  an  involucrate  2-4-carpellary 
gynoecium:  calyx  partially  adnate  to  the  gynoecium.  Fruit  drupe-like, 
the  nut  enclosed  in  an  indehiscent  or  a  dehiscent  involucre.     Seed  oily. 

Family  1.    JUGrLANDACEAE.     Walnut  Family. 

Aromatic  trees,  with  hard  wood.  Leaves  with  unequally  pinnate 
blades.  Staminate  aments  solitary  or  clustered.  Involucre  of  the  fruits 
dry  or  juicy. 

staminate   aments    stout,   simple,    sessile    or    short-stalked :    husk    indehiscent ;    nut 
sculptured.  1.  Juglans. 

Staminate    aments    slender,    branched,    long-stalked :    husk    dehiscent : 

nut  not  sculptured.  2.   Hicoria. 

1.  JUGLANS  L.  Bark  furrowed.  Pith  in  plates.  Leaflets  condupli- 
cate  in  vernation.  Staminate  aments  simple.  Anther-connective  conspicuous. 
—  Walnut. 

1.  J.  nigra  L.  Tree  becoming  .50  m.  tall,  the  bark  dark-brown  in  broad 
ridges:    leaflets   15-23;   blades   8-10   cm.  long,   rounded   or   subcordate   at   the 


10  JUGLANDACEAE. 

base:  staminate  aments  5-10  cm.  long:  fruits  5-8  cm.  in  diameter:  nut 
4-celled  below  the  middle,  sculptured,  the  ridges  thick,  firm.  —  Spr. 

The  Black-walnut  grows  in  rich  calcareous  soil,  in  company  with  other  decidu- 
ous trees,  in  western  Florida.  The  heart-wood  is  dark-brown,  rather  coarse- 
grained, and  durable.      (Cont.) 

2.  HICORIA  Eaf.  Bark  close  or  scaly.  Pith  solid.  Leaflets  involute 
in  vernation.     Staminate  aments  branched.     Anther-connective  inconspicuous. 

—  Spr. HiCKOET. 

Lateral  leaflets  mostly  falcate :  bud-scales  valvate. 

Leaflets  mostly  over  0  :  blades  glabrous  :  nuts  corrugated.  1.  H.  aquattca. 

Leaflets  mostly  less  than  9  ;  blades  pubescent  beneath  :  nuts 

smooth.  2.  H.  cordiformis. 

Lateral  leaflets  not  falcate :  bud-scales  imbricate. 

Husk   of  the  fruit  freely  separating  in  4  woody   valves   at 
maturity. 
Bark   of  the  trunk   close,   but   rough :   foliage  scurfy   or 
pubescent. 
Leaflets  scaly  beneath :  middle  calyx-lobe  not  bearded 

at  the  tip.  3.  //.  pallida. 

Leaflets  stellate-pubescent  beneath :  middle  calyx-lobe 

bearded  at  the  tip.  4.  H.  alha. 

Bark    of    the    trunk    shaggy,    separating   in    long    plates : 

foliage  glabrous.  .5.  H.  ovata. 

Husk  of  the  fruit  tardily  4-valved  to  about  the  middle,  tough.      G.  H.  glabra. 

1.  H.  aquatica  (Michx.  f.)  Britton.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall,  the  bark 
flaky:  leaflets  9-13,  the  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  lanceolate,  5-15  em.  long, 
falcate :  fruits  subglobose,  but  beaked,  2.5-3  cm.  thick,  the  thin  husk  tardily 
4-valved:   nut  corrugated,  thin-shelled,  the  seed  bitter. 

The  Water-hickory  grows  in  river  swamps  in  northern  Florida  and  the 
northern  i)art  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  heart-wood  Is  relatively  soft  and 
brittle.     Also  known  as  Swamp-hickory,  Water  bitter-nut  and  Bitter-pecan.      (Cont.) 

2.  H.  cordiformis  (Wang.)  Britton.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall,  the  bark  close, 
with  shallow  furrows  and  flat  ridges:  leaflets  5-9,  the  blades  of  the  lateral 
ones  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  8-15  cm.  long,  falcate:  fruits  subglobose, 
2.5-3  cm.  long,  slightly  6-ridged,  the  thin  husk  tardily  4-valved:  nut  smooth, 
thin-walled,  the  seed  bitter.      [H.  minima   (Marsh.)   Britton.] 

The  Bitter-nut  grows  in  low  grounds  in  western  Florida.  The  brown  heart- 
wood  is  hard  and  tough.     Also  known  as  Swamp-hickory.      (Cont.) 

3.  H.  pallida  Ashe.  Tree  becoming  35  m.  tall,  the  pale  bark  very  rough: 
leaflets  7-9,  the  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  5-16 
cm.  long,  scaly-scurfy  beneath:  staminate  aments  slender,  8-12  cm.  long: 
fruits  subglobose,  oval,  or  obovoid-pyriform,  4-5  cm.  long,  the  husk  relatively 
thin:  nut  smooth,  rather  thick-shelled. 

The  Pale-itickory  grows  in  dry  soil  in  western  Florida.  The  brown  heart- 
wood  is  hard  and  very  tough.      {Cont.) 

4.  H.  alba  (L.)  Britton.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall,  the  bark  with  flat  ridges: 
leaflets  7-9,  the  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  8-15 
cm.  long:  staminate  aments  stout,  10-15  cm.  long:  fruits  globose-obovoid. 
4-6  cm.  in  diameter,  the  husk  very  thick:  nut  angled,  thick-shelled,  the  seed 
sweet. 

The  Mocker-nut  grows  in  rich  soil  in  northern  Florida  and  the  upper  portion 
of  the  peninsula.  The  dark-brown  heart-wood  is  hard  and  tough.  Also  known 
as  White-heart  hickory-     (Cont.) 

5.  H.  ovata  (Mill.)  Britton.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  the  bark  separating 
in  large  plates:  leaflets  5,  or  rarely  7,  the  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  oval  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  10-15  cm.  long:  staminate  aments  slender,  8-12  em.  long: 
fruits  subglobose,  3-5  cm.  thick,  the  husk  thick:  nut  slightly  angled,  thin- 
shelled,  the  seed  sweet. 

The  Shell-bark  grows  in  rich  soil  in  western  E^lorida.  The  light-brown  heart- 
wood  hard  and  very  tough.     Also  known  as  Shag-bark  hickory.     (Cont.) 


MYRICACEAE.  11 

6.  H.  glabra  (Mill.)  Britton.  Tree  becoming  60  m.  tall,  the  bark  close,  in 
flat  ridges:  leaflets  mostly  3-7,  the  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  oblong  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  7-15  cm.  long,  acuminate,  green  beneath,  glabrous:  staminate 
aments  6-10  cm.  long:  fruits  subglobose,  obovoid  or  pyriform,  3.5-5  cm.  long, 
the  husk  thinnish:  nut  angled,  thick-shelled,  the  seed  astringent. 

The  Pig-nut  grows  in  rich  woods  and  on  dunes  throughout  Florida  as  far  south 
as  the  Everglade  region.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  hard  and  tough.  Also  known 
as  Broom-hickory.      (Cont.) 

Order  LEITNERIALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  with  exceedingly  light  wood.  Leaves  alternate. 
Flowers  dioecious,  in  aments  appearing  before  the  leaves,  the  staminate 
flowers  borne  on  the  base  of  each  bract :  perianth  wanting :  androecium  of 
3-12  stamens :  pistillate  flowers  each  with  a  minute  perianth :  gynoecium  a 
single  carpel,  the  stigma  introrse.  0\-ule  solitaiy.  Fruit  a  collection  of 
drupes  each  subtended  by  a  bract. 

Family  1.    LEITNERIACEAE.     Corkwood  FA:MiLr. 

Bark  smooth,  brown.  Leaf-blades  entire.  Stipules  wanting.  Aments 
from  the  axils  of  last  year's  leaves.  Staminate  aments  many-flowered: 
filaments  short:  anthers  2-celled.  Pistillate  aments  few-many-flowered: 
ovary  sessile:  stigma  elongate.     Drupes  elongate. 

1.  LEITNERIA  Chapm.  Leaves  scattered:  blades  shining  above,  petioled. 
Staminate  aments  conspicuously  bracted:  filaments  distinct.  Pistillate  aments 
inconspicuously  bracted:  ovary  shorter  than  the  stigma.  Drupes  glabrous, 
the  flesh  leathery. 

1.  L.  floridana  Chapm.  Tree  becoming  7  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  nar- 
rowly elliptic,  oblong,  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  or  rarely  oval,  10-20  cm.  long, 
pubescent  beneath:  staminate  aments  3-4  cm.  long,  the  bracts  acuminate: 
pistillate  aments  with  acute  bracts:  drupes  elliptic,  15-17  mm.  long.  —  "Winter 
&  spr. 

The  Corkwood  grows  in  salt  or  brackish  swamps  near  Apalachicola.  The  pale- 
yellow  wood  is  close-grained,  but  soft  and  very  light.  It  is  the  lightest  wood  in 
North  America.      (Cont.) 

Order  MYRICALES. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees,  usually  aromatic.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
simple,  sometimes  toothed  or  pinnatifid.  Flowers  dioecious  or  monoe- 
cious, the  staminate  in  long  aments,  each  flower  consisting  of  a  g-jaioeeium 
of  2  united  carpels  on  a  bract  subtended  by  2  bractlets  and  surrounded  by 
2-8  scales.  Stigmas  2.  Ovule  solitaiy.  Fruit  a  nut,  the  epicarp  often 
waxy. 

Family  1.    MYRICACEAE.     Bayberry  Family. 

Leaves  resinous-dotted.  Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  in  scaly 
aments.     Perianth  wanting.     Ovary  1-celled. 

1.  CEROTHAMNUS  Tidestrom.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaf-blades  entire 
or  merely  toothed.  Pistillate  aments  not  bristly.  Nut  globose,  drupe-like, 
with  a  fleshy-waxy  epicarp.  —  Winter  &  spr.  —  Bayberry. 

Stamens  3  or  4  :  nuts   2-3  mm.   in   diameter.  1.  C.  ceriferus. 

Stamens  9  or  10  :  nuts  5-7   mm.   in  diameter.  2.  C.  inoilorus. 


12  SALICACEAE. 

1.  C.  ceriferus  (L.)  Small.  Tree  becoming  12  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades 
oblaneeolate  to  oblong-oblaneeolate,  3-10  cm.  long,  toothed  or  individually 
entire:  staminate  aments  1-1.5  em.  long:  nuts  2-3  mm.  in  diameter.  [Myrica 
cerifera  L.     MoreUa  cerifera    (L.)    Small.] 

The  WAx-MYitTLE  grows  in  swamps,  wet  woods,  and  hammocks  nearly  through- 
out Florida.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  but  light,  soft,  and 
brittle.      {Cont.,  W.  I.). 

2.  C.  inodorus  (Bart.)  Small.  Tree  6  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  elliptic- 
obovate  or  sometimes  spatulate,  4-8  cm.  long,  entire:  staminate  aments  1-1.5 
cm.  long:   nuts  5-7  mm.  in  diameter.     [MoreUa  inodora   (Bartr.)   Small.] 

The  Odorless  wax-myrtle  grows  on  the  edges  of  pineland  ponds  and  swamps 
in  northern  Florida,  from  Wakulla  county  westward.  The  light-brown  heart-wood 
is  close-grained,   soft,  and  weak.      iCont.) 

Order  SALICALES. 
Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple,  entire  or  toothed. 
Flowers  dioecious,  in  aments,  the  staminate  consisting  of  an  andi-oecium 
of  2  or  more  stamens,  the  pistillate  consisting  of  a  gyrjoecium  of  2  or  4 
united  carpels.     Ovules  numerous.     Fruit  capsular. 

Family  1.     SALICACEAE.     Willow  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees  with  soft  wood.  Leaf-blades  very  narrow  to  very 
wide.  Aments  erect  or  drooping,  the  bracts  mostly  ciliate  or  toothecl. 
Capsules  narrowed  to  the  apex.     Seeds  usually  with  a  tuft  of  hairs. 

Bracts  incised :    disk  cup-shaped :   stamens  usually   10  or  more,  or  rarely  7   or   8 : 
stigmas  elongated  and  expanded.  1.   Populds. 

Bracts  entire  :  disk  reduced  to  1   or  more  axillary  glands  :  stamens  less 

than  10 :  stigmas  short,  not  expanded.  2.  Salix. 

1.  POPULUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Trees,  the  buds  with  several  scales.  Leaf- 
blades  palmately  veined,  relatively  long-petioled.  Stamens  more  than  10,  or 
rarely  7  or  8 :  anthers  purple  or  red.  Ovary  sessile :  stigmas  dilated.  — 
Poplar. 

1.  P.  deltoides  Marsh.  Tree  becoming  45  m.  tall,  widely  branched:  leaf- 
blades  ovate  to  deltoid,  9-19  cm.  long,  acute  or  acuminate,  serrate  or  crenate- 
serrate:  staminate  aments  8-12  cm.  long:  stamens  numerous:  capsules  8-10 
cm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Cottonwood  grows  on  river  banks  in  western  Florida.  The  brown  heart- 
wood  is  light,  soft,  and  weak.     Also  known  as   Necklace-poplar.      {Cont.) 

2.  SALIX    [Tourn.]    L.     Shrubs   or  trees,  the  buds  with   a   single   scale. 

Leaf-blades  pinnately  veined,  relatively  short-petioled.     Stamens  2,   or  rarely 

1-7:    anthers    yellow    or    reddish.     Ovary    stipitate:    stigmas    not    dilated. — 

Winter  &  spr.  —  Willow. 

Leaves  with  narrow  blades  :  stamens  3-7. 
Leaf-blades  green  beneath. 

Bracts    of    the    pistillate    aments    obtuse :    fruiting    aments 

usually  dense:   ennsules  3-4. .5  mm.   long.  1.   S.  nigra. 

Bracts  of  the  pistillate  aments  acute  or  abruptly  pointed  : 

fruiting   aments    usually    lax :    capsules    4. .5-5    mm.    long.    2.  S.  marginata. 
Leaf-blades  glaucous  beneath. 

Capsules  ovoid  in   outline,  not  veined,   the  body  globose   to 

ovoid.  3.  8.  longipes. 

Capsules  conic  in  outline,  veiny,  the  body  oblong  to  oval.       4.  jS.  amphiUa. 

Leaves  with  broad  blades  :  stamens  2.  5.  8.  floridana. 

1.  S.  nigra  Marsh.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  the  twigs  brown:  leaf -blades 
narrowly  lanceolate,  6-12  cm.  long,  acute  at  both  ends,  or  acuminate  at  the 


CORYLACEAE.  13 

apex,  pale  beneath:  staminate  aments  with  finely  pubescent,  blunt  bracts: 
capsules  4  or  5  times  as  long  as  the  pedicels. 

The  Black-willow  grows  on  river  banks  in  northern  Florida.  The  reddish- 
brown  heart-wood  is  light,  soft,  and  weak.      (Cont.) 

2.  S.  marginata  Weimer.  Small  tree  or  spreading  shrub,  the  twigs  reddish: 
leaf-blades  mainly  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  2-5  cm.  long,  mostly 
acute  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  cuueate  to  truncate  at  the  base:  staminate  aments 
with  densely  pubescent  acute  or  acutish  bracts:  capsules  about  twice  as  long 
as  the  pedicels. 

The  Gulf-willow  grows  in  northern  Florida.  The  wood  is  probably  similar 
to  that  of  the  Black-willow.      (Cont.) 

3.  S.  longipes  Anders.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  gray  or 
gray-brown:  leaf -blades  narrowly  lanceolate,  10-15  cm.  long:  staminate 
aments  4-10  cm.  long,  the  bracts  finely  ciliate:  capsules  ovoid  in  outline,  3  or 
4  times  as  long  as  the  pedicels. 

Ward's-willow  grows  in  low  grounds,  in  northern  Florida.  The  reddish- 
brown  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  light,  and  soft.      {Cont.) 

4.  S.  amphibia  Small.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  twigs  purplish  or  purple: 
leaf-blades  linear-lanceolate,  lanceolate,  or  oblong,  3-13  cm.  long:  staminate 
aments  1.5-5  cm.  long,  the  bracts  finely  pubescent:  capsules  conic  in  outline, 
about  3  times  as  long  as  the  pedicels. 

The  Amphibious-willow  grows  in  wet  grounds  and  hammocks  in  peninsular 
Florida  almost  as  far  south  as  Cape  Sable.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
light,    and   soft.      (Endemic.) 

5.  S.  floridana  Chapm.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  twigs  sparingly  pubescent: 
leaf-blades  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate,  5-8  em.  long,  or  larger  on  twigs, 
acute,  sharply  serrulate,  dark-green  above,  glaucous  beneath,  rounded  or 
truncate  at  the  base:  fruiting  aments  oblong-cylindric,  4-7  cm.  long:  capsules 
ovoid-conic,   6-8  mm.  long. 

The  Fi.oriha-wii.low  grows  on  river  Iianks  in  western  Florida.  The  wood  has 
not  yet  been  studied.  Not  recently  collected  in  the  state,  but  found  in  southern 
Georgia. 

Order  FAGALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple.  Flowers  monoe- 
cious or  rarely  dioecious,  at  least  the  staminate  borne  in  aments,  the  pis- 
tillate sometimes  with  an  involucre  which  becomes  a  bur  or  cup  in  fruit. 
Calyx  usually  present.     Corolla  wanting.     Fruit  a  nut  or  rarely  a  samai-a. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  in  aments  :  fruit  not  with  a  bur  or  a  cup. 

Staminate  flowers  solitary  in  the  axil  of  each  bract,  without  a  calyx :  pistillate 

flowers  with  a  calyx.  Fam.  1.   Coeylaceae. 

Staminate  flowers  2-3  together  in  the  axil  of  each  bract, 

each  with  a  calyx  :  pistillate  flowers  without  a  calyx.         Fam.  2.   Betulaceae. 
Staminate    flowers    in    aments :    pistillate    often    solitary,    the 

involucre  becoming  a  bur  or  cup.  Fam.  3.   Fagaceae. 

Family  1.     CORYLACEAE.     Hazel-nut  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  wood  close-grained.  Leaves  deciduous:  blades 
mostly  doubly  toothed.  Staminate  aments  drooping,  with  each  bract  sub- 
tending one  flower,  the  calyx  wanting.  Pistillate  aments  not  drooping, 
each  bract  bearing  2  or  3  pistils,  the  involucre  of  a  bract  and  2  scales. 
Fruit  consisting  of  one  or  more  accrescent  bracts  each  subtending  or  inclos- 
ing 1,  2  or  3  nuts. 

Fruiting  bracts  flat,  3-lobed,  the  terminal  lobe  toothed.  1.  Carpinos. 

Fruiting  bracts  bladder-like.  2.  Ostrya. 


14  BETULACEAE. 

1.  CARPINUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Trees  or  shrubs,  the  bark  smooth.  Stami- 
uate  aments  solitary,  the  bracts  acute,  ciliate.  Pistillate  aments  with  3-lobed 
bracts  at  maturity. 

1.  C,  caroliniana  Walt.  Tree  becoming  13  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  bark  blue- 
gray:  leaf -blades  oblong,  varying  mainly  to  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  3-14 
cm.  long,  glabrous  above:  staminate  aments  2-5  cm.  long:  mature  bracts  of 
the  pistillate  aments  hastate,  2-3  cm.  long:  nuts  5-6  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Hornbeam  grows  in  rich  woods  and  hammocks  in  northern  Florida  and  in 
the  northern  iiart  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy, 
and  hard.      (Cont.) 

2.  OSTRYA  [Mich.]  Scop.  Shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  scaly.  Staminate 
aments  clustered,  the  bracts  blunt,  not  ciliate.  Pistillate  aments  with  lobeless 
bracts. 

1.  O.  virginiana  (Mill.  )Willd.  Tree  becoming  18  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  bark 
rough:  leaf-blades  mainly  oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  3-13  cm.  long,  slightly 
pubescent  or  glabrate  above:  staminate  aments  3-8  cm.  long:  mature  bracts 
of  the  pistillate  aments  oblong  to  ovate,  1.5-2  cm.  long:   nuts  6-7  mm.  long. 

—  Spr. 

The  Hop-HORXBEAJi  grows  in  rich  woods  and  hammocks  in  northern  Florida  and 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  light-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
heavy,  strong,  tough,  and  durable.      (Cont.) 

Family  2.    BETULACEAE.     Birch  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  wood  close-grained.  Leaves  deciduous :  blades 
with  2-several  series  of  teeth.  Staminate  aments  drooping,  Avith  each 
bract  subtending-  2  or  3  flowers,  the  calyx  present.  Pistillate  aments 
seldom  drooping,  the  bracts  thickened  and  woocty,  each  one  bearing  2  or 
3  pistils,  the  calyx  Avanting.  Fruit  a  cone-like  aggregate  of  the  accrescent 
bracts  each  of  which  subtends  a  nut. 

Stamens  2  :  bracts  of  the  mature  pistillate  aments  membranous,  3-lobed,  deciduous 
with  the  nuts.  1.   Betula. 

Stamens    4    (3-6)  :    bracts  of   the    mature    pistillate    aments    thickened 

and  woody,   persistent.  2.  Alnds. 

1.  BETTJLA    [Tourn.]    L.     Shrubs    or    trees,    the    bark    often    aromatic. 

Staminate  flowers  with  2   stamens,  the  anther-sacs   separated.     Bracts  of  the 

pistillate  aments  3-lobed,  thin  and  appressed  or  ascending  at  maturity.  —  Spr. 

—  Birch. 

Fruiting   aments    peduncled :    bark    not    aromatic :    leaf-blades    dentate-serrate :    nut- 
body  ovate  to  orbicular-ovate.  1.  B.  nigra. 

Fruiting    aments    terminating    short    branches    and    sessile :    bark    aro- 
matic :  leaf-blades  sharply  serrate :  nut-body  cuneate.  2.  B.  lenta. 

1.  B.  nigra  L.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall,  the  younger  bark  silvery  or  yellow: 
leaf-blades  rhombic-ovate,  3-6  cm.  long,  broadly  cuneate  at  the  base,  more 
or  less  tomentose  beneath  except  in  age:  staminate  aments  with  suborbicular 
bracts:  mature  pistillate  aments  3-4  cm.  long,  less  than  1  cm.  thick,  the  bracts 
6-7  mm.  long,  tomentulose:  wings  of  the  fruit  reniform-ciliate. 

The  Red-birch  grows  in  river  swamps  in  northern  Florida.  The  light-brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained  and  light,  but  both  hard  and  strong.  Also  known  as 
River-birch.      (Cont.) 

2.  B.  lenta  L.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall,  the  bark  brown:  leaf -blades  ovate, 
oblong-ovate,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  4-12  cm.  long,  rounded  or  cordate  at  the 
base,  silky  on  the  nerves  beneath:  staminate  aments  with  ovate  bracts: 
mature  pistillate  aments  1.5-3  cm.  long,  over  1  cm.  thick,  the  bracts  5-6  mm. 


•  FAGACEAE.  15 

long  and  quite  as  wide,  glabrous:  wings  of  the  fruit  rhombic-obovate  or 
cuneate,  not  ciliate. 

The  Black-birch  grows  on  ridges  in  western  Florida.  The  reddish-brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  very  strong.  Also  known  as  Cherry- 
birch.      (Oont.) 

2.  ALNUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  astringent.  Stami- 
nate  flowers  with  3-6  stamens,  the  anther-sacs  connected.  Bracts  of  the  pis- 
tillate aments  not  lobed,  woody  and  spreading  at  maturity.  —  Alder. 

1.  A.  rugosa  (Du  Eoi)  Spreng.  Tree  becoming  13  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf- 
blades  thickish,  obovate  or  oval,  4-10  cm.  long:  mature  pistillate  aments  1.5-2 
cm.  long,  the  bracts  3-lobed:  nuts  1.5  mm.  long,  sharp-marginpd.  —  Winter 
&  spr. 

The  Smooth-aldee  grows  on  stream-banks  in  northern  Florida.  The  brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  but  soft  and  light.     (Cont.) 

Family  3.     FAGACEAE.     Oak  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  wood  coarse-grained.  Leaves  sometimes  per- 
sistent: blades  simple,  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Staminate  aments  elon- 
gate or  globular,  the  calyx  of  4-7  partially  united  sepals.  Pistillate 
flowers  solitary  or  several  together,  each  subtended  by  a  bristly  involucre, 
the  sepals  thick.  Fruit  a  bur-like,  cup-like,  or  saucer-like  involucre 
enclosing  or  subtending  1  or  more  nuts. 

Staminate  aments  globose,  drooping  on  slender  bracted  peduncles  :  nuts  3-angled  or 

3-winged.  1.   Fagus. 

Staminate  aments  elongate,  slender. 

Staminate   aments   erect    or   ascending :   nuts    1-3,    included   in    a 

very   spiny    involucre.  L'.   Castanea. 

Staminate  aments  drooping :  nut  seated  in  an  involucre  of  imbri- 
cated scales.  3.  Quercus. 

1.  FAGUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  close-grained  wood.  Leaf- 
blades  toothed.  Staminate  aments  globular,  pendulous:  calyx  4-7-lobed: 
stamens  8-16,  Pistillate  flowers  2-4  together:  calyx  4-5-lobed.  Staminodia 
none.  Ovary  3-celled:  stigmas  3,  filiform.  Mature  involucre  with  fleshy 
spines,  enclosing  the  nuts.     Nuts  2-4,  3-angled  or  3-winged. 

1.  F.  grandifolia  Ehrh.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  the  bark  smooth,  pale: 
leaf -blades  ovate,  oval,  or  oblong-ovate,  5-14  cm.  long:  staminate  aments 
1-1.5  cm.  in  diameter,  long-peduncled:  ripe  involucre  ovoid,  1.5-2  cm.  long, 
short-peduncled :  nut  ovoid,  narrowly  winged,  edible.  [F.  americana  Sweet.] 
—  Spr. 

The  Beech  grows  in  alluvial  soil  in  middle  and  western  Florida.  The  red 
heart-wood  is  very  close-grained,  hard,  tough,  and  strong,  but  not  durable  on 
exposure.     (Cont.) 

2.  CASTANEA  [Tourn.]  Hill.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  porous  wood. 
Leaf-blades  toothed,  the  teeth  slender-tipped.  Staminate  aments  elongate, 
spreading:  calyx  6-lobed:  stamens  10-20,  the  filaments  greatly  elongate. 
Pistillate  flowers  several:  calyx  6-lobed.  Staminodia  present.  Ovary  imper- 
fectly 6-eelled.  Stigmas  6.  slender.  Mature  involucre  with  rigid  often 
branching  spines,  including  the  nuts.  Nuts  2  or  3,  or  sometimes  solitary.  — 
Chestnut. 

1.  C.  pumila  (L.)  Mill.  Tree  becoming  16  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  bark  smooth: 
leaf-blades  oblong  to  obovate,  7-14  mm.  long,  acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex, 
white-tomentose  beneath,  the  lateral  ribs  in  14-20  pairs:   neck  of  the  hypan- 


16 


FAGACEAE. 


thium  shorter  than  the  body:  ripe  iuvolucre  3-4  mm.  in  diameter:  nuts  usually 
solitary,   1-1.5   cm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Chinquapin  grows  on  sandy  ridges  and  swamp-margins  in  northern 
Florida.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained  and  light,  but  hard,  strong,  and 
durable.      (Cont.) 

3,  QUERCUS    [Tourn.]    L.     Shrubs   or   trees,   with   coarse-grained   wood. 

Leaf -blades    entire,    toothed,    or    lobed.      Staminate    aments    drooping:    calyx 

4-7-lobed:    stamens    6-12,    the    filaments    relatively    short.      Pistillate    flowers 

solitary  or  several :  ovary  usually  3-celled :  stigmas  3,  dilated.     Mature  involucre 

(cup)   saucer-lilce  or  deeper,  subtending  the  nut,  or  rarely  enclosing  it.  —  Spr. 

—  Oak. 

Fruit  maturing  the  first  year  :  nut  glabrous  within  :  leaf-blades  not  bristle-tipped. 
Leaves  deciduous  :   blades   lobed  or  toothed.  I-   Ai.bae. 

Leaves  persistent:  blades  entire,  except  on  shoots.  II.  Virginianae. 

Fruit  maturing  the  second  year,  except  sometimes  in  Q.  mijrti- 
foUa:  nut  pubescent  within  :   leaf-blades  bristle-tipped. 
Leaf-blades  entire  or  slightly  lobed  :  nuts  of  a  globose  type. 
Leaf-blades  pinnatifld  or  pinnately  lobed  :   nuts   of  an   ovoid 
type. 


III.  Laurifoliae. 


IV.    RUBEAE. 


Albae. 


1.  Q.  alba. 

2.  Q.  Margaretta. 

3.  Q.  stellata. 

4.  Q.  li/rata. 

5.  Q.  Chapmanii. 

6.  Q.  MicJiauxii. 

7.  Q.  Mvhle7ihergiL 


Leaf-blades  deeplv  and  prominently  lobed.  lyrate  or  pinnatifld. 

Acorns  decidedly  longer  than  wide ;  nut  protruding  at  least  %  beyond  the  cup 
Mature  leaf-blades  glabrous,  glaucous  beneath :  acorn- 
cup  shallow. 
Mature  leaf-blades  pubescent  beneath  :  acorn-cup  deep. 
Leaf-blades    with    rounded    upper    lobes :    acorn-cup 

11-14  mm.  wide ;  nut  12-14  mm.  long. 
Leaf-blades     with     truncate     or     emarj;mate     lobes  : 
acorn-cup  15-20  mm.  wide;  nut   15-20  mm.  long. 
Acorns    wider    than    long :    nut    immersed    in    the    cup    or 
nearly  so. 
Leaf-blades   coarsely  toothed   or  undulately   lobed. 

Leaf-blades    undulate   or    undulately    lobed.    thick-leathery. 
Leaf-blades  coarsely  toothed,  membranous  or  thin-leathery. 
Acorns    peduncled :    leaf-blades    mostly    broadened    up- 
ward, copiously  white-pubescent  beneath. 
Acorns    sessile :    leaf-blades    mostly    narrowed    upward, 
glabrous    or    inconspicuously    pubescent    beneath. 

II.     Virginianae. 

Acorn-nut  of  an  ovoid  type,  much  less  than   %   included  in  the  cup. 

Leaf-blades  smooth  or  nearly  so  :  acorn-cup  hemispheric.  8.   Q.  virgimana. 

Leaf-blades  rugose-reticulate :  acorn-cup  turbinate.  9.  Q.  gemmata. 

Acorn-nut  of  an  oblong  type,  V2  included  in  the  cup.  10.  Q.  Rolfsii. 

III.     Laurifoliae. 
Leaf-blades  glabrous  beneath. 
Leaves  persistent. 

Acorn-cup  saucer-shaped  :  leaf-blades  short. 
Acorn-cup  hemispheric  :  leaf-blades  long. 
Leaves  deciduous. 

Leaf-blades  acute,  narrow. 
Leaf-blades  rounded   or   emarginate,   broad. 
Leaf-blades  pubescent  beneath. 

IV.     Rdbrae. 
Leaf-blades  dilated  at  the  apex. 

Acorn-cup  saucer-shaped  :  leaf-blades  glabrous,  except  the 

vein-axils  beneath. 
Acorn-cup  hemispheric  :  leaf-blades  brown-touientose. 
Leaf-blades  not  dilated  at  the  apex. 
Leaf-blades  pubescent  beneath. 

Acorn-cup    saucer-shaped :    leaf-blades    gray-    or    white- 
pubescent  beneath. 
Leaf -blades  rounded  at  the  base ;  lobes  3-5. 
Leaf -blades  cuneate  or  truncate  at  the  base ;  lobes 
5-13. 
Acorn-cup    turbinate    or    hemispheric-turbinate :     leaf- 
blades  brown-  or  rusty-pubescent  beneath. 


11.  Q.  myrtifolia. 

12.  Q.  laurifoUa. 

13.  Q.  Phellos. 

14.  0-  hyirida. 

15.  Q.  cinerea. 


10.   Q.nUtru. 

17.  Q.  marylandica. 


18.  Q.  triloba. 

19.  Q.  pagodaefoUa. 

20.  Q.  velutina. 


FAGACEAE.  17 

Leaf-blades    glabrous    except    sometimes    In    the    vein-axis 
beneath. 
Acorn-cup  saucer-shaped,  the  scales  narrow,  the  inner 
ones  not  Inflexed. 
Acorn-cup    swollen    at    the    base :    leaf-blades    with 

broad  rounded  sinuses.  21.   Q.  Hchncclcii. 

Acorn-cup  flat  at  the  base  :   leaf-blades  with   acute 

narrow  sinuses.    •  22.   Q.  rubra. 

Acorn-cup  turbinate,  the  scales  broad,  the  inner  ones 

inflexed.  23.   Q.  Catesbaei. 

1.  Q.  alba  L.  Tree  becoming  45  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  obovate  in  outline,  10-20 
cm.  long,  glaucous  and  finally  glabrous  beneath,  pinnatifid  into  3-9,  usually  7, 
ascending,  narrow  lobes:  acorn  short-stalked;  cup  saucer-shaped  or  shallowly 
hemispheric,  woody,  tuberculate,  15-20  mm.  wide;  nut  oblong-ovoid,  15-25 
mm.  long. 

The  White-oak  grows  in  rich  woods  in  middle  and  western  Florida.  The 
light-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy  and  hard,  strong,  tough,  and 
durable.      (Cont.) 

2.  Q.  Margaretta  Ashe.  Tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oval 
or  obovate  in  outline,  6-9  cm.  long,  more  or  less  pubescent  about  the  veins 
beneath,  sinuate  or  shallowly  3-5-lobed:  acorn  sessile  or  short-stalked;  cup 
turbinate-hemispheric,  11-14  mm.  wide;  nut  oblong  to  ovoid-oblong,  12-14 
mm.  long. 

The  Small  post-oak  grows  in  dry  sandy  woods  in  northern  Florida.  The 
brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  durable.      (Cont.) 

3.  Q.  stellata  Wang.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  broadly  obovate 
in  outline,  10-20  cm.  long,  finely  tomentose  beneath  with  gray  or  yellowish 
hairs,  pinnatifid  into  usually  5  broad  tliverging  lobes:  acorns  often  clustered; 
cup  hemispheric  and  contracted  at  the  base,  15-20  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid,  15-20 
mm.  long.      [Q.  minor   (Marsh.)   Sarg.] 

The  Post-oak  grows  in  dry  woods  in  northern  Florida.  The  brown  heart-wood 
is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  hard,  strong,  and  durable.      (Cont.) 

4.  Q.  lyrata  Walt.  Tree  becoming  35  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  obovate  or  spatu- 
late  in  outline,  9-17  cm.  long,  white-tomentose  beneath,  or  glabrate,  lyrate- 
pinuatifid:  acorn  short-stalked;  cup  hemispheric  or  depressed-globose,  20-40 
mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid  and  exserted  or  spheroidal  and  nearly  or  wholly  included 
in  the  cup. 

The  OvEKCTP-oAK  grows  in  river  swamps  in  northern  Florida.  The  dark- 
brown  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  very  heavy,  hard,  tough,  and  durable. 
Also  known  as  Swamp  white-oak.      (Cont.) 

5.  Q.  Chapmanii  Sarg.  Tree  becoming  10  ni.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  obo- 
vate or  oblong,  5-10  cm.  long,  3-lobed  near  the  apex,  or  merely  undulate, 
sparingly  pubescent  beneath,  lustrous  above:  acorn  sessile  or  nearly  so;  cup 
depressed-hemispheric,  15-20  mm.  wide;  nut  oblong-elliptic,  1.5-2.5  mm.  long. 

Chapaian's-oak  grows  in  sandy  soil,  chiefly  near  the  coast  in  northern  Florida 
and  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  yellow-brown  heart-wood  is  rather 
close-grained,   heavy,   and   rather  hard.      (Cont.) 

6.  Q.  Michauxli  Nutt.  Tree  becoming  35  m.  tall,  the  bark  flaky:  leaf -blades 
obovate,  varying  to  oblong,  8-16  cm.  long,  coarsely  serrate,  finely  tomentose 
beneath:  acorn  sessile;  cup  deeply  saucer-shaped  or  shallow-hemispheric,  25-35 
mm.  wide;   nut  oblong  or  oblong-ovoid,  30-35  mm.  long. 

Tlie  Cow-OAK  grows  in  river  swamps  and  damp  woods  in  northern  Florida  and 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
heavy,  hard,  tough,  exceedingly  strong,  and  durable.  Also  known  as  Basket-oak. 
(Cont.) 

7.  Q.  Muhlenbergii  Engelm.  Tree  becoming  50  m.  tall,  the  bark  scaly:  leaf- 
blades  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  5-20  cm.  long,  coarsely  serrate  with 
usually    somewhat    flaring    teeth,    minutely    pubescent    beneath    or    glabrate: 

Trees  of  Florida  2. 


18  TAGACEAE. 

acorn  sessile  or  nearly  so;  cup  hemispheric,  about  15  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid 
about  15  mm.  long.     [Q.  acuminata  (Michx.)  Houba.] 

The  Yellow-oak  grows  in  dry  woods  in  western  Florida.  The  light-brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  hard,  strong,  and  durable.  Sometimes  known  as 
Chestnut-oak.      (Coiit.) 

8.  Q.  virginiana  Mill.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oval  or  oblong, 
varying  to  obovate  or  oblanceolate,  3-12  em.  long,  entire,  smooth:  acorns  soli- 
tary, or  spieate  on  peduncles;  cuji  hemispheric,  15-20  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid  or 
oblong-ovoid,  20-25  mm.  long,  twice  as  long  as  the  cup. 

The  Live-oak  grows  in  woods  and  hammocks  nearly  throughout  Florida,  except 
the  Keys.  The  brown  or  yellow  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  very  hard,  ex- 
cedingly  strong,   and  durable.      (Cotit.,   Cuba.) 

9.  Q.  geminata  Small.  Tree  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  narrowly  oblong, 
elliptic,  or  oblong-oblauceolate,  3-6  cm.  long,  entire,  revolute,  rugose-reticu- 
late, finely  tomentose  beneath:  acorns  usually  2  at  the  end  of  a  stalk:  cup 
turbinate,  about  10  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid  or  narrowly  oval,  10-17  mm.  long. 

The  Twin  live-oak  grows  in  sandy  hammocks  and  on  sand-ridges  in  northern 
Florida  and  in  the  peninsula.  The  wood  is  nearly  similar  to  that  of  the  Live-oak. 
(Cont.) 

10.  Q.  Eolfsii  Small.  Small  tree  7  m.  tall  or  rigid  shrub:  leaf -blades  cuueate  in 
outline,  leathery,  2.5-6  cm.  long,  mostly  3-lobed  at  the  apex,  or  sometimes  5- 
lobed,  bright-green,  glabrous  and  finely  reticulate  above,  pale  and  thinly 
stellate-pubescent  beneath:  acorns  usually  in  pairs  at  the  ends  of  short 
peduncles:  cup  hemispheric  above  a  stout  base,  about  1.5  cm.  broad;  nuts 
oblong,  or  slightly  broadest  below  the  middle,  2-2.5  cm.  long,  about  i  in- 
cluded in  the  cup. 

RoLFS'-OAK  grows  in  hammocks  about  Ft.  Lauderdale,  Florida.  The  brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (Endemic.) 

11.  Q.  myrtifolia  Willd.  Tree  becoming  6  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf-blades 
obovate  or  oval,  2-5  cm.  long,  entire,  shiny  above,  dull  beneath:  acorn 
sessile  or  nearly  so;  cup  hemispheric,  sometimes  deeply  so,  10-13  mm.  wide; 
nut  ovoid  or  oblong-ovoid,  10-14  mm.  long. 

The  Scrub-oak  grows  in  hammocks  and  on  sand-ridges,  esoecially  near  the 
coast,  nearly  throughout  Florida.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained, 
heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      (Cont.) 

12.  Q.  laurifolia  Michx.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall:  leaves  persistent;  blades 
oblong,  varying  to  oval  or  obovate,  4-13  cm.  long,  entire,  deep-green,  glabrous: 
acorn  short-stalked  or  nearly  sessile;  cup  saucer-shaped,  10-15  mm.  wide; 
nut  ovoid  or  globose-ovoid,  10-15  mm.  long. 

The  Laueel-oak  grows  in  sandy  hammocks  and  on  river-bluffs  throughout 
northern  and  peninsular  Florida,  except  the  extreme  southern  portion.  The  brown 
or  reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      (Cont.) 

13.  Q.  Phellos  L.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall:  leaves  sometimes  persistent; 
blades  linear-oblong  or  narrowly  elliptic  to  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate,  4-10 
cm.  long,  shining  and  glabrous  at  maturity,  entire:  acorn  sessile  or  nearly  so; 
cup  saucer-shaped,  10-15  mm.  wide;  nut  subglobose,  often  depressed  or  globose- 
ovoid,  about  1  cm.  long. 

The  WiLLOW-OAK  grows  in  swamps,  and  on  margins  of  streams  in  northern 
Florida  and  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  rather 
coarse-grained  and  heavy,  but  rather  soft,  and  strong.      (Cont.) 

14.  Q.  hybrida  (Chapm.)  Small.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall:  leaves  rather 
persistent;  blades  oblong  to  cuneate,  6-12  cm.  long,  rounded  or  emarginate  at 
the  apex,  dark-green:  acorn  sessile;  cup  saucer-shaped,  very  flat,  10-12  mm. 
wide;   nut  subglobose  or  ovoid-globose,  7-9  mm.  long. 

Chapman's  water-oak  grows  in  moist  calcareous  soil  in  western  Florida.  The 
wood  is  said  to  be  similar  to  that  of  the  Post-oak.      [Cont.) 

15.  Q.  cinerea  Michx.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall:  leaves  deciduous;  blades 
oblong,  varying  to  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate,  .5-12   cm.   long,  mainly  entire, 


FAGACEAE.  19 

pale-greeu,  gray-tomeutose  beneath:  aeoru  nearly  sessile;  cup  saucer-shaped, 
10-15  mm.  wide;  nut  oblong  or  subglobose,  about  15  mm.  long.  [Q.  brevi- 
folia  (Lam.)  Sarg.] 

The  Blue-jack  grows  on  sand-ridges  and  in  sandy  barrens  in  northern  Florida 
and  in  the  ijeninsula  as  far  south  as  the  Evergh^de  region.  The  l)rown  or  red- 
brown   heart-wood   is  close-grained,   heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      (Cont.) 

16.  Q.  nigra  L.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall,  the  bark  relatively  smooth:  leaves 
deciduous;  blades  oblaneeolate  to  spatulate  in  outline,  5-15  cm.  long,  entire 
and  sometimes  with  a  dilated  terminal  lobe,  or  3-lobed  at  the  apex,  glabrous 
beneath  or  sometimes  sparingly  tomentose:  acorn  sessile  or  short-peduncled ; 
cup  saucer-shaped,  12-15  mm.  wide;   nut  subglobose,  10-13  mm.  long. 

The  Water-oak  grows  in  sandy  soil,  swamps,  or  river-swamps  in  northern 
Florida  and  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  heart-wood  is 
close-grained,    heavy,    hard,    and    strong.      (Cont.) 

17.  Q.  marylandica  Muench.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall,  the  bark  very  rough: 
leaf-blades  broadly  or  narrowly  obovate  in  outline,  9-16  cm.  long,  3-5-lobed 
or  with  a  single  dilated  terminal  lobe,  brownish-pubescent  beneath:  acorn 
sessile  or  short-stalked;  cup  depressed-hemispheric,  15-20  mm.  wide;  nut  sub- 
globose  or  ovoid,  10-20  mm.  long. 

The  Black-jack  grows  in  dry  sandy  soil  in  northern  Florida.  The  brown  heart- 
wood  is  coarse-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.     Also  known  as  Jack-oak.      (Cont.) 

18.  Q.  triloba  Michx.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate  or  oval  in 
outline,  finely  tomentose  with  yellowish-gray  hairs  beneath,  pinnatifid  above  a 
rounded  base  into  3-7  flaring  or  scythe-shaped  lobes:  acorn  short-stalked; 
cup  flat-turbinate  or  saucer-shaped  above  the  turbinate  base,  15-18  mm.  wide; 
nut  subglobose,  10-15  mm.  long.     [Q.  digiiata  (Marsh.)  Sudw.] 

The  Spaxish-oak  grows  in  dry  woods  in  northern  Florida  and  the  adjacent 
portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  reddish  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  hard,  and 
strong,  but  not  durable.      (Cont.) 

19.  Q.  pagodaefolia  (Ell.)  Ashe.  Tree  becoming  32  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oval 
to  oblong  in  outline,  15-30  cm.  long,  persistently  white-tomentose,  pinnatifid 
above  a  cuneate  or  truncate  base  into  5-13  lanceolate  or  narrowly  triangular 
lobes:  acorn  sessile  or  nearly  so;  cup  shallow-turbinate,  or  saucer-shaped  above 
the  turbinate  base,  12-14  mm.  wide;   nut  subglobose,  about  10  mm.  long. 

The  Swamp  spanish-oak  grows  in  river-swamps  and  low  grounds  in  northern 
Florida.  The  reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  hard,  strong,  and 
durable.      (Cont.) 

20.  Q.  velutina  Lam.  Tree  becoming  50  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oval  or  obovate 
in  outline,  10-30  cm.  long,  usually  rusty-pubescent  beneath,  pinnately  lobed, 
the  lobes  spreading:  acorn  sessile  or  nearly  so;  cup  turbinate  or  hemispheric- 
turbinate,  20-25  mm.  wide;  nut  globose-oblong  or  obovoid,  15-25  mm.  long. 

The  Black-oak  grows  in  dry  woods  in  northern  Florida.  The  brown  and  red- 
tinged  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.  Also  known  as 
Yellow-bark   oak.      (Cont.) 

21.  Q.  Schneckii  Britton.  Tree  becoming  65  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oval,  vary- 
ing to  obovate  in  outline,  6-20  cm.  long,  with  tufts  of  hairs  in  the  vein-axils 
beneath,  pinnately  5-7-lobed,  the  lobes  ascending,  oblong  or  triangular,  the 
sinuses  rounded:  acorn  short-stalked  or  nearly  sessile;  cup  saucer-shaped, 
20-30  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid,  12-25  mm.  long. 

The  Leopaed-oak  grows  in  rich  soil  or  river-swamps  in  middle  and  western 
Florida.  The  red-brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong. 
(Cont.) 

22.  Q.  rubra  L.  Tree  becoming  50  m.  tall:  leaf-blades  oval,  varying  from 
ovate  to  obovate  in  outline,  10-20  cm.  long,  with  tufts  of  hairs  in  the  vein- 
axils  beneath,  pinnately  5-7-lobed,  the  lobes  ascending,  the  sinuses  rounded: 
acorn  short-stalked;  cup  saucer-shaped,  25-35  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid,  25-30 
mm.  long. 

The  Red-oak  grows  in  dry  or  rocky  woods  in  middle  and  western  Florida.  The 
reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      (Cont.) 


20  AETOCAEPACEAE. 

23.  Q.  Catesbaei  Michx.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall:  leaf-blades  oblong  to 
ovate  in  outline,  9-20  cm.  long,  glabrous,  except  the  tufted  vein-axils  beneath, 
deeply  pinnate-lobed,  the  lobes  oblong,  ovate  or  usually  lanceolate,  often 
curved:  acorn  short-stalked;  cup  broadly  turbinate,  sometimes  rather  flat, 
25-30  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid,  20-25  mm.  long. 

The  Turkey-oak  grows  on  sand-ridges  and  in  pinelands  in  northern  Florida  and 
the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
heavy,   hard,   and  strong.      iCont.) 

Order  URTICALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  herbs.  Leaves  alternate,  or  in  the  case  of  herbs 
often  opposite:  blades  simple,  entire,  toothed,  or  divided.  Flowers  vari- 
ous, not  in  aments.  Calyx  present.  Corolla  wanting.  Androecium  often 
of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals.  Gynoeeium  of  a  single  carpel  or 
of  2  united  carpels.  Fruit  an  achene,  a  samara,  a  drupe,  a  syncarp.  or  a 
syconium. 

Fruit  an  achene,  the  achenes  in  the  fleshy  calyxes,  on  the  outside  or  inside  of  a 
receptacle  :  anthers  inflexed.  Fam.  1.  Artocaepaceae. 

Fruit  a  samara  or  a  drupe,  or  nut-like  :  anthers  erect.  Fam.  2.  Ulmaceae. 

Family  1.    ARTOCARPACEAE.     Mulberry  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  sap  milky.  Leaves  mostly  alternate :  blades  equi- 
lateral, entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  in 
ament-like  spikes  or  enclosed  in  a  receptacle,  the  stamiuate  with  3  or  4 
stamens,  the  pistillate  with  a  calyx  of  3-5  sepals  which  greatly  enlarge  and 
subtend  or  envelop  the  achene:  gynoeeium  of  1  or  2  united  carpels; 
styles  or  stigmas  1  or  2.     Fruit  a  syncarp  or  syconium. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  on  the  outside  of  the  receptacle. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  in  ament-like  spikes.  1.  MORUS. 

Staminate  flowers  in  ament-like  racemes  ;  pistillate  flowers  in  heads.  2.  Papyrids. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  on  the  inside  of  a  closed  receptacle.  3.  Ficcs. 

1.  MORUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  scaly  bark.  Leaves  decid- 
uous: blades  commonly  serrate,  sometimes  lobed.  Staminate  flowers  in  cylin- 
drie  spikes,  with  4  sepals  and  4  stamens.  Pistillate  spikes  cylindric:  sepals  4, 
the  lateral  ones  larger  than  the  others:  stigmas  2,  short.  Fruit  cylindric,  the 
achenes  included  in  the  calyx.  —  Spr.  —  Mulberry. 

Leaf-blades  glabrous  beneath  or  sparingly  pubescent  on  the  nerves. 

Syncarp    white   or   pinkish.  1-  -1^-  <'"'"• 

Syncarp  black  at   maturity.  -■  J^-  »iijn'. 

Leaf-blades   softly  pubescent  beneath.  3.  M.  rubra. 

1.  M.  alba  L.  Tree  5-12  m.  tall,  with  sparingly  pubescent  twigs:  leaf-blades 
ovate  to  oval-ovate,  6-15  cm.  long,  generally  pubescent  about  the  veins 
beneath:  staminate  spikes  1-2  cm.  long:  fruits  subglobose  to  oval-oblong,  1-2 
cm.  long,  white  or  pinkish. 

The  White-mulberry  grows  in  woods  and  on  roadsides  in  northern  Florida 
and  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  Nat.  from  Europe.  The  yellowish- 
brown   heart-wood  is  close-grained,   rather  light  but  hard.      (Cont.) 

2.  M.  nigra  L.  Tree  sometimes  becoming  8  m.  tall,  or  shrub,  with  pubescent 
twigs:  leaf-blades  ovate,  4-15  cm.  long,  abruptly  short-pointed,  becoming 
glabrous,  but  usually  rough  above:  staminate  spikes  1-2  cm.  long:  fruits  oval- 
oblong,  1-2  cm.  long,  black. 

The  Black-mulberry  grows  in  fields  and  on  roadsides  in  peninsular  Florida. 
Nat.  from  Europe.  The  yellowish-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  rather  light. 
and  hard.      {Cont.) 


ULMACEAE.  21 

3.  M.  rubra  L.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall,  ■with  early  glabrous  twigs:  leaf- 
blades  ovate  to  oval-ovate,  6-20  em.  long,  softly  pubescent  beneath:  staminate 
spikes  4-8  cm.  long:   fruits  eylindric,  3-6  cm.  long,  deep-red  or  purplish. 

The  Red-mulberry  grows  in  rich  woods  and  hammoclts  nearly  throughout 
Florida.  The  dark-yellow  or  light-orange  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  light,  soft, 
and  rather  tough.      {Cont.) 

2.  PAPYEIUS  Lam.  Trees  with  smoothish  bark.  Leaves  deciduous: 
blades  serrate,  often  lobed.  Staminate  flowers  in  eylindric  spikes,  with  4 
sepals  and  4  stamens.  Pistillate  spikes  globose:  calyx  4-lobed:  stigma  1, 
elongated.     Fruit  globular,  each  achene  protruding  from  the  persistent  calyx. 

1.  P.  papyrifera  (L.)  Kuntze.  Tree,  resembling  the  mulberry,  sometimes  15 
m.  tall,  with  hirsute-tomentose  twigs:  leaf -blades  ovate,  S-16  cm.  long:  fruit 
globular,  2-3  cm.  in  diameter,  the  protruding  achenes  reddish  or  orange.  —  Spr, 

The  Paper- jiuLBERRY  grows  in  fields  and  woods  and  on  roadsides  nearly  through- 
out nni-theru  and  peninsular  Florida.  Nat.  from  Asia.  The  whitish  heart-wood 
is   close-grained,   light,   and  soft.      {Coat.,   W.  I.) 

3.  FICTJS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines,  with  smoothish  bark. 
Leaves  mainly  persistent:  blades  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Flowers  in  hollow 
receptacles,  the  staminate  with  a  calyx  of  2-6  sepals,  or  these  obsolete,  and 
1-2  or  rarely  3  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  numerous:  style  rather  long: 
stigma  clavate,  peltate,  or  2-lobed.  Fruit  depressed-globular  or  elongate,  the 
achenes  included.  —  The  trees  of  the  following  species  flower,  more  or  less, 
all  year.  —  Fig. 

Leaf-blades  lobed,  very  scabrous-pubescent.  1.  F.  Carica. 

Leaf-blades  entire,  smooth  and  glabrous. 

Receptacles   pedunculate  :   leaf-blades  usually  broad-based.  2.  F.  Iirrrifolicu 

Receptacles  sessile :  leaf-blades  usually  narrow-based.  3.  F.  aurea. 

1.  F.  Carica  L.  Tree  2-5  m.  tall,  or  shrub,  with  pubescent  twigs:  leaf -blades 
palmately  5-7-lobed;  petioles  pubescent:   fruits  obovoid,  2-8  cm.  long. 

The  CoMMOX-FiG,  a  native  of  the  Mediterranean  region,  has  escaped  from 
gardens,  in  many  parts  of  Florida.  The  light-yellow  wood  is  coarse-grained,  spongy,, 
light  and  soft  but  somewhat  elastic.      (Cont.,  IF.  7.) 

2.  F.  brevifolia  Nutt.  Tree  sometimes  15  m.  tall  or  shrub,  with  glabrous 
twigs:  leaf -blades  ovate-oval  or  rarely  obovate,  3-10  cm.  long,  mainly  roundedi 
or  cordate  at  the  base:  fruits  subglobose,  2-2.5  cm.  in  diameter. 

The  Wild-fig  grows  in  hammocks  in  tropical  peninsular  Florida  and  the  Keys. 
The  yellow  or  yellow-brown  wood  is  close-grained  and  soft,  but  rather  durable. 
(W.  /.) 

3.  F.  aurea  Nutt.  Tree,  often  starting  as  a  vine,  becoming  20  m.  tall,  with 
glabrous  twigs:  leaf -blades  oblong,  elliiitie,  or  oval,  3-10  cm.  long,  acute  or 
short-acuminate  at  the  base:  fruits  spheroidal  or  obovoid,  about  2  cm.  in 
diameter. 

The  Golden-fig  grows  in  hammocks  in  subtropical  and  tropical  peninsular 
Florida  and  the  Keys.  The  light-brown  wood  is  coarse-grained,  very  light,  soft,  and 
weak.      (IV.  I.) 

Family  2.     ULMACEAE.     Elm  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  sap  watery.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  inequi- 
lateral, commonly  toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  or  monoecious, 
variously  disposed.  Calyx  of  4  or  5,  or  rarely  3-9  partially  united  sepals. 
Androecium  of  usually  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals.  Gynoecium 
of  2  united  carpels.    Fruit  a  samara  or  a  drupe,  or  nut-like. 

Fruit  dry,  a  samara,  or  nut-like  :  embryo  straight. 

Flowers  mostly  perfect:  fruit  a  samara  winged  all  around.  1.   Flmts. 

Flowers    polygamo-monoecious :    fruit    nut-like,    bearing   wart-like 


22  ULMACEAE. 

Fruit  pulpy,  a  drupe :  embryo  with  conduplicate  cotyledons. 

Flowers  solitary  or  merely  clustered  in  the  axils  :  drupe  solitary.  3.   Celtis. 

Flowers  in  dichotomous  cymes  :   drupes   cymosely  disposed.  4.  Tkema. 

1.  ULMUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  furrowed  bark  and  some- 
times winged  branches.  Leaves  deciduous:  blades  toothed.  Calyx  campanu- 
late.  Ovary  sessile  or  nearly  so,  glabrous,  sometimes  pubescent.  Samara 
orbicular  to  oblong.  —  Winter  &  spr.  —  Elm. 

Flowers  long-stalked  :  samara  ciliate  :  leaves  smooth  or  nearly  so. 

Branches  corky-winged  :  samaras  narrow.  1.   V.  alata. 

Branches  not  corky-winged  :  samaras  broad. 

Samaras   oval   or  obovate,   with   narrow   converging   tips.        2.   V.  americana. 
Samaras  orbicular  or  orbicular-ovate,  with  liroad  erect  tips.    3.   U.  floridana. 
Flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so :  samara  eciliate :  leaves  very  rough 

above.  4.  U.  fulva. 

1.  U.  alata  Michx.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall,  the  branches  often  corky 
winged:  leaf -blades  narrowly  elliptic  or  oblong-elliptic,  or  rarely  broader, 
2-10  cm.  long,  typically  smooth  above;  petioles  1.5-3  mm.  long:  calyx  deeply 
lobed:  samara  elliptic,  6-8  mm.  long,  long-stipitate,  the  wings  pubescent  and 
long-ciliate. 

The  Wahoo  grows  in  rich  soil,  chiefly  near  streams  in  northern  Florida  and 
In  the  peninsula  to  the  Everglade  region.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
heavy,  hard,  and  tough  but  not  otherwise  strong.  Also  known  as  Winged-elm. 
iCont.) 

2.  U.  floridana  Chapm.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall,  the  branches  not  corky- 
winged,  the  twigs  glabrous:  leaf -blades  mainly  oblong,  oval,  or  ovate,  3-12 
em.  long,  mostly  smooth  above;  petioles  6-10  mm.  long:  calyx  shallowly  lobed: 
samara  ovate,  11-13  mm.  long,  short-stipitate,  the  wings  merely  long-ciliate. 

The  Florida-elji  grows  in  swamps  and  on  river-banks  in  western  Florida  and 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.    The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.    {Cont.) 

3.  U.  americana  L.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  the  branches  not  corky-winged, 
the  twigs  typically  pubescent:  leaf -blades  oval  to  ovate,  5-10  cm.  long,  some- 
times rough-pubescent  above;  petioles  4-7.5  mm.  long:  flower-clusters  lax: 
■calyx  shallowly  lobed:  samara  oval  or  obovate,  10-12  mm.  long,  the  wings 
merely  long-ciliate. 

The  WiiiTE-ELir  grows  in  low  grounds  and  on  river  hanks  in  northern  Florida. 
,and  in  the  peninsula  to  the  Everglade  region.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  coarse- 
grained, heavy,  hard,  tough,  and  strong.     Also  known  as  American-elm.      (Cont.) 

4.  TJ.  fulva  Michx.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall,  the  twigs  densely  pubescent, 
the  inner  bark  mucilaginous:  leaf -blades  ovate-oval  or  obovate,  8-19  cm.  long, 
Tough-pubeseent  on  both  sides:  flower-clusters  dense:  samara  suborbicular, 
14-17  mm.  in  diameter,  finely  pubescent,  ciliate. 

The  SLirPEEY-ELM  grows  in  rich  woods  in  western  Florida.  TTie  reddish-brown 
heart-wood  is  very  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  strong,  and  durable.  Also  known  as 
Red-elm.      (Cont.) 

2.  PLANERA  J,  F.  Gmel.  Trees,  with  scaly  bark.  Leaves  deciduous: 
blades  toothed.  Calyx  campanulate.  Ovary  short-stipitate,  tubercular.  Kut- 
like  fruit  irregularly  warty. 

1.  P.  aquatica  (Walt.)  J.  P.  Gmel.  Tree  becoming  12  m.  tall:  leaf-blades 
ovate  or  elliptic-ovate,  3-8  em.  long,  serrate  or  crenulate-serrate,  short- 
petioled:  calyx  lobes  ovate,  obtuse:  fruits  ovoid,  about  1  cm.  long,  short- 
stalked,  the  processes  soft.  —  Spr. 

The  Water-elm  grows  in  river  swamps  in  northern  Florida.  The  light-brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  light,  soft,  and  weak.     (Cont.) 

3.  CELTIS  [Tourn.]  L.  Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  often  warty. 
Leaves  deciduous:  blades  entire  or  toothed,  very  inequilateral.  Calyx  rotate, 
the  lobes  much  longer  than  the  tube.  Stigmas  2,  entire.  Drupe  subglobose. 
—  Spr. 


POLYGONACEAE.  23 

Leaf-blades  of  an  ovate  type.  1.  C.  georgiana. 
Leaf-blades  of  a  lanceolate  type. 

Leaf-blades  sharply  serrate,   thin.  2.  C.  Smnllii. 

Leaf-blades  entire  or  nearly  so,  thick.  3.  C.  mississippiensis. 

1.  C.  georgiana  Small.  Tree  becoming  8  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  pubes- 
cent: leaf-blades  deep-green,  ovate,  2-5  cm.  long,  rough  and  sometimes  spar- 
ingly pubescent  above,  entire  or  sharply  serrate:  drupes  globose  or  nearly  so, 
5-7  mm.  in  diameter,  red-purple  or  tan-colored. 

The  Oeorgia-itackberey  grows  on  sandy  or  rocky  river-banks  in  middle  and 
western  Florida.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (Cont.) 

2.  C.  Smallii  Beadle.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall,  the  twigs  glabrous:  leaf- 
blades  thin,  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  5-10  cm,  long,  acuminate,  some- 
times with  conspicuously  elongate  tips,  sharply  and  irregularly  serrate:  drupes 
subglobose,  5-7  mm.  in  diameter,  purple  or  purplish. 

Small's-hackberry  grows  on  river-bluffs  in  western  Florida.  The  wood  has 
not  yet  been  studied.      (Cont.) 

3.  C.  mississippiensis  Bosc.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall,  the  twigs  sometimes 
pubescent:  leaf-blades  thick,  lanceolate,  varying  to  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  6-12  em.  long,  long-acuminate,  entire  or  nearly  so:  drupes  globose 
or  globose-ovoid,  5-7  mm.  in  diameter,  dark-purple  or  orange-red. 

The  Sugar-berry  grows  in  rich  woods  and  hammocks  nearly  throughout 
Florida.  The  light-yellow  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  but  soft  and  rather  weak. 
Also  known  as  Ilackberry.      (Cont.,  Ber.) 

4,  TREMA  Lour.     Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  smoothish:   leaves 

persistent:  blades  toothed,  more  or  less  inequilateral.     Calyx  rotate,  the  lobes 

much  longer  than  the  tube.     Stigmas  2,  entire.     Drupe  ovoid  or  globose. 

Leaf-blades  cordate  at  the  base :  anthers  over  1  mm.  long :  drupes  yellow  or  orange. 

1.  T.  floridana. 
Leaf-blades   obtuse   or   rounded   at   the   base :    anthers   less   than 

1  mm.  long:  drupes  pink.  2.   T.  Lamankiana. 

1.  T.  floridana  Britton.  Tree  6  m.  tall  or  shrub,  with  copiously  pubescent 
foliage:  leaf-blades  ovate,  oblong-ovate  or  lanceolate,  4-10  cm.  long,  softly 
pubescent  beneath:  calyx  greenish:  drupes  subglobose,  2.5-3.5  mm.  in  diameter, 
yellow  or  orange.  —  All  year. 

The  Florida-trema  grows  in  burned  or  cleared  hammocks  in  tropical  Florida. 
The  light-brown  wood  is  close-grained,   light,  soft,  and  weak.      {Endemic.) 

2.  T.  Lamarckiana  (K.  &  S.)  Blume.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  finely  hirsute 
or  velvety  twigs:  leaf -blades  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  narrowly  ovate,  mostly 
1-3  cm.  long,  finely  serrate,  scabrous  above,  veiny-reticulate  beneath,  obtuse  or 
rounded  at  the  base:  calyx  whitish  or  pinkish:  drupes  ovoid  or  globose-ovoid, 
2-2.5  mm.  in  diameter,  pink. 

The  West-indiax  teema  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  lower  Florida  Keys.  The 
wood  is  nearly  or  quite  similar  to  that  of  the  preceding  species.      (11'.  /.) 

Order  POLYGONALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate,  or  sometimes  oppo- 
site or  whorled :  blades  mostly  entire :  stipules  present,  usually  as  a  sheath, 
rarely  obsolete.  Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  dioecious,  or  polygamous, 
variously  disposed.  Hypanthium  long  or  short.  Calyx  of  2-6  sepals, 
which  sometimes  develop  keels  or  wings.  Corolla  wanting.  Androecium 
of  2-9  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2  or  3  united  carpels,  the  ovary  superior. 
Fruit  an  achene. 


24  PISONIACEAE. 

Family  1.    POLYGONACEAE.     Buckwheat  Family. 

Plants  various  in  habit.  Leaves  with  manifest,  usually  sheathing 
stipules,  and  inflorescence  not  involuerate,  or  the  stipules  obsolete  and  the 
inflorescence  involuerate. 

1.  COCCOLOBIS  P.  Br.  Shrubs  or  trees,  or  rarely  vines.  Leaves  alter- 
nate, the  oereae  cylindric  or  funnelform.  Flowers  borne  in  spikes  or  racemes. 
Sepals  5,  surmounting  the  accrescent  hypanthium.  Stamens  8.  Stigmas  3, 
entire.  Achene  3-angled,  included.  —  The  plants  of  the  following  species 
flower,  more  or  less,  throughout  the  year. 

Leaf-blades  longer  than  wide,  narrowed  at  the  base :  fruits  about  1  cm.  thick. 

1.   C.  laurifolia. 
Leaf-blades  wider  than  long,  cordate  at  the  base :  fruits  1.5-2  cm. 

thick.  2.   C.  uvifera. 

1.  C.  laurifolia  Jacq.  Tree:  leaf -blades  oblong  to  ovate  or  obovate,  5-10  cm. 
long,  narrowed  or  rounded  at  the  base:  panicles  less  than  1  dm.  long  during 
anthesis,  the  lower  flower-clusters  usually  with  3  or  4  pedicels:  sepals  2.5-3.5 
mm.  long:  hypanthium-margin  even  between  the  filaments:  fruit  globose-ovoid. 

The  Pigeon-plum  grows  on  or  near  the  coast  of  tropical  and  subtropical 
Florida,  being  most  common  in  the  hammocks  of  the  Everglade  Keys  and  Florida 
Keys.  The  dark-brown  or  reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  hard, 
and  strong,  but  brittle.     (IF.  7.) 

2.  C.  uvifera  (L.)  Jacq.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  suborbicular,  4-20 
cm.  wide,  cordate  at  the  base:  panicles  over  1  dm.  long  during  anthesis,  dense: 
sepals  2-3  mm.  long:  fruit  subglobose,  borne  in  grape-like  clusters. 

The  Sea-grape  grows  in  hammocks  in  the  coastal  regions  of  tropical  and  sub- 
tropical Florida.  The  dark-brown  or  somewhat  violet  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
very  heavy,  and  hard.      (11'.  /.) 

Order  CHENOPODIALES. 

Herbs,  often  partially  woody,  or  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate 
or  opposite,  occasionally  scale-like.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  sometimes 
monoecious  or  dioecious.  Calyx  usually  present,  the  sepals  mainly  sep- 
arate. Corolla  wanting,  or  present  and  of  minute  or  large  petals.  Androe- 
cium  of  1-several  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  a  single  carpel  or  of  several 
united  carpels,  the  ovary  mostly  superior.  Fruit  an  achene,  utricle  or  a 
berry,  or  sometimes  an  anthocarp. 

Family  1.    PISONIACEAE.     Pisonia   Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate :  blades  simple. 
Flowers  perfect,  dioecious  or  rarely  monoecious,  cymose.  Calyx  of  5 
united  sepals,  campanulate,  tubular,  or  funnelfoi-m.  Corolla  wanting. 
Androecium  of  5-30  stamens.  Gynoecium  1-carpellaiy.  Ovary  1-celled: 
style  terminal.     Fruit  an  anthocarp. 

Fruits  angular,  with  rows  of  glands  :  calyx  broad.  1.   Pisonia. 

Fruits  terete,  glandless  :  calyx  narrow.  2.   Toerubia. 

1.  PISONIA  [Plum.]  L.  Armed  woody  vines,  or  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves 
opposite:  blades  entire.  Flowers  in  compound  cymes.  Calyx  broadly  funnel- 
form  or  rotate,  with  a  thin  undulate  recurved  edge.  Fruits  dry,  with  rows  of 
glands. 


Library 
N.  C,  State  Colles:* 


ANNONACEAE.  25 

1.  P.  rotundata  Griseb.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  bark  pale:  leaf -blades 
thick,  broadly  oblong  or  oval,  varying  to  obovate,  2.5-8  cm.  long,  short- 
petioled:  cymes  densely  flowered:  calyx  green  or  whitish,  broadly  funnel- 
form,  about  3  mm.  long,  tomentulose  along  the  edge:  fruits  broadly  or  nar- 
rowly obovoid,  5-6  mm.   long. 

The  PisoNiA  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  lower  Florida  Keys.  The  yellowish 
heart-wood  is   coarse-grained   and   rather   weak.      (Bah.,  Cuba.) 

2.  TORRUBIA  Veil.  Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite:  blades 
entire.  Flowers  in  cymes.  Calyx  narrowly  funnelform  to  tubular,  with  an 
erect  nearly  or  quite  even  edge.     Fruits  juicy,  without  glands. 

1.  T.  longifolia  (Ileimerl)  Britton.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  bark  pale: 
leaves  3-7  em.  long;  blades  spatulate  to  obovate,  oblong-spatulate,  or  oval- 
spatulate:  cymes  open;  calyx  green  or  greenish,  or  purplish,  narrowly  funnel- 
form,  3-3.5  mm.  long,  the  erect  edge  glabrous:  fruit  broadly  or  narrowly 
obovoid,  5-6  mm.  long.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Blolia-  grows  in  coastal  hammocks,  and  in  those  of  the  Everglade  Keys 
and  Florida  Keys.  The  yellow  or  brownish-yellow  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained  and 
heavy  but  rather  soft  and  weak.      (11*.  /.) 

Order  RANALES. 

Herbs,  shnibs,  or  trees.     Leaves  mostly  without  stipules,  with  entire 

or  dissected  blades,  in  aquatics  often  various  on  the  same  plant.     Flowers 

perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious.     Calyx  and  corolla  of  distinct  sepals 

and  petals.     Androecium  of  usually  more  hypogynous  stamens  than  there 

are  sepals.     Gynoecium  of  1  or  several  distinct  or  united  carpels.     Ovary 

superior.     Fruit  various. 

Sepals  and  petals  valvate  in  the  bud :  stipules  wanting.         Fam.  1.  Annonaceae. 
Sepals  and  petals  imbricate :  stipules  present.  Fam.  2.  Magnoliaceae. 

Family  1.     ANNONACEAE.     Custard-apple  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  entire.  Flow'ers  perfect, 
monoecious,  or  dioecious.  Calyx  of  3,  or  2,  sepals.  Corolla  of  mostly  6 
petals  much  larger  than  the  sepals,  those  of  the  inner  series  smaller  than 
those  of  the  outer,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  many  stamens,  each 
anther  terminating  in  a  blunt  glandular  appendage.  Gynoecium  of  few 
or  many  distinct  carpels.     Fruit  a  simple  or  aggregate  beiTy. 

Carpels  distinct,  several-ovuled :  anther-sacs  separated.  1.  Asimina. 

Carpels  confluent,   1-ovuled  :   anther-sacs   contiguous.  2.   Anxona. 

1.  ASIMINA  Adans,  Ill-scented  plants.  Leaves  mostly  deciduous: 
blades  broadened  upward.  Petals  6,  much  larger  than  the  sepals,  spreading. 
Carpels  few:   style  subulate.     Fruit  simple. 

1.  A.  triloba  (L.)  Dunal.  Tree  3-12  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  cuneate 
to  obovate-cuneate  or  oblong-cuneate,  or  rarely  obovate,  10-30  cm.  long: 
pedicels  10-20  mm.  long  during  anthesis:  inner  petals  less  than  20  mm.  long: 
seeds  20-25  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Papaw  grows  in  rich  woods  in  middle  Florida.  The  yellow  or  greenish- 
yellow  wood  is  coarse-grained,  light,  spongy,  and  soft.  Also  known  as  Custard- 
apple.      (Cont.) 

2.  ANNONA  L.  Pungent-aromatic  plants.  Leaves  persistent:  blades 
oblong,  oval,  or  ovate.  Petals  larger  than  the  sepals,  converging.  Carpels 
numerous ;  style  linear.     Fruit  aggregate.  —  Spr. 


26  MAGNOLIACEAE. 

Petals  very  broad:  fruits  not  tuberculate. 

Sepals  over  10  mm.  wide  :  outer  and  inner  petals  about   equal 

in  length.  1.  A.  (Jahra. 

Sepals  less  than  9  mm.   wide  :   outer  petals  much   longer   than 

the  inner.  2.  A.  pahistris. 

Petals  narrow  :  fruits  strongly  tuberculate.  3.  A.  squamosa. 

1.  A.  glabra  L.  Tree  becoming  14  m.  tall:  leaf-blades  oblong  to  oval  or 
ovate,  10-18  cm.  long:  outer  petals  3-3.5  cm.  long:  filaments  4  mm.  long: 
fruit  8-12  cm.  long:  seeds  1.5-20  mm.  long. 

The  Pond-apple  grows  in  the  wet  coastal  hammocks  of  tropical  and  subtropical 
peninsular  Florida,  those  of  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown 
and  yellow-streaked  wood  is  rather  coarse-grained,  light,  soft,  and  weak.  (Bah., 
Cuba.) 

2.  A.  palustris  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oblong  to  ovate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  3-12  cm.  long,  or  rarely  larger:  outer  petals  1.5-2  cm.  long:  fila- 
ments 3  mm.  long:  fruit  5-7  cm.  long:  seeds  9-12  mm.  long. 

TTie  Alligator-apple  grows  in  the  Everglades  about  the  Everglade  Keys  and  on 
the  adjacent  hammock  islands.  Also  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  wo(k1  is  nearly 
similar   to  that  of  the   Pond-apple.        (IV.  J.)  ' 

3.  A.  squamosa  L.  Tree  with  glabrous  or  nearly  glabrous  twigs:  leaf -blades 
mainly  oblong  or  elliptic,  varying  to  oblong-lanceolate,  mostly  10-15  cm.  long, 
rather  slender-petioled :  sepals  broadly  deltoid,  about  2  mm.  long,  acute:  outer 
petals  narrowly  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate,  24-28  mm.  long:  berries  ovoid  to 
globose-ovoid,  6-10  cm.  long,  tuberculate,  yellowish-green. 

The  Sugar-apple  grows  in  hammocks  and  cultivated  grounds  on  the  Florida 
Keys.     Naturalized  from  tropical  America.     The  wood  has  not  been  studied.     {Cont.) 


Family  2.    MAGNOLIACEAE.    Magnolia  Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate,  sometimes  apparently 
whorlecl:  blades  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Flowers  perfect  or  monoe- 
cious. Calyx  of  3  petaloid  sepals  or  rarely  more.  Corolla  of  5  imbri- 
cate petals  as  large  as  the  sepals  or  larger,  or  more.  Androecium  of  many 
stamens  or  rarely  few.  Gynoeeium  of  several  or  many  distinct  carpels. 
Fruit  a  cone  of  accrescent  carpels  which  become  baccate  or  follicular. 

Leaf-blades  not  lobed :  nature  carpels  berry-like  follicles.  1.  Magnolia. 

Leaf-blades  lobed :  mature  carpels  samara-like.  2.  Libiodexdeon. 

1.  MAGNOLIA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  deciduous  or  persistent: 
blades  entire  or  auricled  at  the  base.  Flowers  perfect,  white.  Sepals  and 
petals  about  equal  in  size.     Fruit  an  echinate  cone.  —  Spr.,  or  spr.  and  sum. 

Leaf-blades  thick-leathery,  very  thick,  persistent,  brown  or  rusty-tomentose  beneath. 

1.  M.  foetida. 
Leaf-blades  membranous,  sometimes  firm,  usually  deciduous,  gla- 
brous, glaucous  or  silky  beneath. 
Leaf -blades  not  auricled  at  the  base  :  flowers  short.  2.  J/,  rirginiana. 

Leaf-blades   auricled  at  the  base  :   flowers   long. 

Fruit  oblong-conic  :  carpels  with  long  curved  beaks  :  leaf- 
blades  pale  green  beneath.  3.  M.  pyramidata. 
Fruit  subglobose :   carpels  obtuse  or  acutish  :   leaf -blades 

very  glaucous  beneath.  4.  M.  macrophylla. 

1.  M.  foetida  (L.)  Sarg.  A  tree  becoming  20  m.  tall,  the  twigs  tomentose: 
leaf-blades  elliptic,  oval,  oblanceolate,  or  rarely  ovate,  10-30  cm.  long,  shining 
above:  flowers  creamy-white,  lemon-scented,  broadly  campanulate,  10-20  cm. 
wide:  petals  with  suborbicular  or  orbicular-obovate  blades  5-10  cm.  wide: 
fruit  oval,  8-10  cm.  long:  seeds  1.5-2  cm.  long. 

The  Magnolia  grows  in  rich  moist  soil  and  hammocks  In  northern  Florida  and 
In  the  peninsula  as  far  south  as  the  Everglade  region.  The  creamy-white  wood  is 
rather  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 


CAPPARIDACEAE.  27 

2.  M.  virginiana  L.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall,  the  twigs  silky:  leaf -blades 
oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  5-15  cm.  long:  flowers  white,  globose-campanulate, 
3-8  cm.  wide:  petals  elliptic,  oblong,  oval,  or  obovate:  fruit  oval  or  ovoid,  3-5 
cm.  long:  seeds  8-10  mm.  long. 

The  Sweet-bay  grows  In  swamps,  wet  woods  and  hammocks  nearly  throughout 
Florida.  The  brown  wood  is  rather  close-grained  and  heavy,  but  soft.  Also  known 
as  Swamp-bay.      (Cont.) 

3.  M.  pyramidata  Pursh.  A  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall,  the  twigs  glabrous: 
leaf -blades  rhombic-obovate,  10-20  cm.  long,  the  basal  lobes  diverging:  petals 
lanceolate.  5-8  cm.  long:   fruit  oblong,  6-8  cm.  long. 

The  SouTHEKN  cucuMBER-TREH  grows  in  low  woods  and  on  stream-banks  In 
western  Florida.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (Cont.) 

4.  M.  macrophylla  Michx.  A  tree  becoming  15  m.  tall,  the  twigs  finely 
pubescent:  leaf-blades  obovate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  30-90  cm.  long,  the  basal 
lobes  broad:  petals  12-20  cm.  long,  or  rarely  longer:  fruit  6-10  cm.  in 
diameter. 

The  Lakge-leaved  cucumber-teee  grows  in  rich  woods  in  middle  and  western 
Florida.     The  brown  wood  is  close-grained,  light,  and  hard  but  weak.      (Cont.) 

2.  LIKIODENDRON  L.  Trees.  Leaves  deciduous:  blades  lobed.  Flowers 
perfect,  greenish-yellow.  Sepals  3,  reflexed.  Petals  6,  broader  than  the  sepals, 
erect.     Fruit  a  cone  of  appressed  samara-like  carpels. 

1.  L.  tulipifera  L.  Tree  becoming  60  m.  tall,  the  bark  with  flat  ridges:  leaf- 
blades  6-20  cm,  wide,  4-lobed,  truncate  or  notched  at  the  apex:  flowers  cam- 
panulate:  sepals  oblong  to  oblong-ovate,  4-5  cm.  long:  petals  oblong,  oval, 
or  suborbicular,  greenish-yellow  and  often  tinged  with  orange :  fruit  conic, 
5-7  cm.  long,  erect,  the  carpels  3-4  cm.  long,  indehiscent.  —  Spr. 

The  Tulip-tree  grows  in  rich  woods  in  northern  Florida.  The  yellow  or  brown- 
ish heart-wood  is  close-grained,  light,  soft,  and  brittle.      {Cont.) 

Order  PAPAVERALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  with  entire,  toothed,  dissected, 
or  eomi^onnd  blades.  Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  distinct  or  neai'ly  dis- 
tinct sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct  or  nearly  distinct  petals,  or  wanting. 
Androecium  of  few  or  many  hypogynous  stamens.  Gynoeeium  of  2-sev- 
eral  united  carj^els.  Ovary  superior,  sessile  or  stipitate.  Fruit  capsular 
or  baccate. 
Gynoeeium  2-carpellary :  leaf-blades  simple  or  palmately  compound. 

Fam.  1.    CAPPARIDACEAE. 

Gynoeeium  3-carpellary  :  leaf-blades  plnnately  compound.         Fam.  2.  Moringaceae. 

Family  1.    CAPPARIDACEAE.     Caper  Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  opposite: 
blades  simple  or  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  in  racemes  or  cymes,  or 
solitary.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5,  often  unequal, 
petals.  Receptacle  often  produced  into  a  gland.  Androecium  of  4-6 
stamens  or  more.  Gynoeeium  of  2-united  carpels.  Ovary  often  stipitate. 
Fruit  capsular,  sometimes  baccate.     Seeds  conduplicate. 

1.  CAPPAE.IS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaf-blades  simple, 
entire.  Sepals  4  or  5,  often  spreading  or  reflexed.  Petals  4  or  5,  sessile. 
Receptacle  unappendaged.  Stamens  numerous:  anthers  oblong  to  linear. 
Ovary  long-stipitate:  style  wanting.  Capsules  sometimes  baccate,  often 
torulose.  —  Spr.  —  Caper-tree. 


28  MOEINGACEAE. 

1.  C.  cynophallophora. 
Leaves  scaly ;  blades  not  reticulate :  sepals  valvate :  capsule 

scaly.  2.  C.  jamaicensis. 

Leaves  glabrous ;  blades  reticulate  :  sepals  imbricate :  capsule  glabrous. 

1.  C.  cynophallophora  L.  Small  tree  or  a  shrub:  leaf -blades  oblong  to  oblong- 
cuneate,  mainly  5-8  cm.  long;  sepals  suborbicular :  corolla  5.5-7.5  cm.  wide: 
fruit-body  mostly  10-20  em.  long. 

The  P.AY-LEATED  CAPEit-TEEE  grows  in  coastal  hammocl?s  along  the  lower  half 
of  the  eastern  coast,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  Florida  Keys.  The  yellowish 
or  yellowish-white  wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

2.  C.  jamaicensis  Jacq.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  elliptic,  oblong,  or 
oval,  mainly  4-10  cm.  long:  sepals  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate:  corolla  about 
3  cm.  wide:  fruit-body  mostly  20-30  cm.  long. 

The  .Jamaica  caper-tree  grows  in  the  coastal  hammocks  of  subtropical  and 
tropical  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Keys.  The  yellow  or  yellowish  wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      (TF.  /.) 

Family  2.    MOEINGACEAE.     Horseradish-tree  Family. 

Trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  2-3-pinnate.  Flowers  perfect, 
slightly  irregular,  panicled.  Calyx  of  5  unequal  sepals  borne  on  the  edge 
of  the  cup-shaped  hypanthium.  Corolla  of  5  petals  resembling  the  sepals, 
the  loAver  petal  reflexed,  the  upper  one  erect-spreading.  Androeeium  of 
5  stamens,  borne  on  the  hypanthium,  and  5  staminodia.  Gynoeeium  3- 
carpellary.  Ovary  stipitate,  with  3  parietal  placentae.  Fruit  an  elongate 
capsule.     Seeds  3-wunged  or  wingless. 

1.  MORINGA  Juss.  Trees,  with  spreading  branches.  Panicles  axillary, 
long-peduneled.     Pods  drooping. 

1.  M.  Moriiiga  (L.)  Millsp.  Tree- becoming  11  m.  tall:  leaves  3-6  cm.  long: 
leaflets  cuneate  to  oval  or  oblong,  mostly  1-2  cm.  long :  panicles  many-flowered : 
sepals  linear  or  oblong-linear,  9-10  mm.  long:  petals  visually  white  or  pinkish, 
mainly  oblong:  capsules  2.5-3.5  dm.  long:  seeds  3-winged,  the  body  fully  1  cm. 
loBg.  —  All  year. 

The  Horseradish-teee,  a  native  of  southern  Asia,  grows  in  woods  and  fields, 
and  on  roadsides  in  peninsular  Florida.  The  wood  is  coarse-grained,  soft  and  light. 
(TF.  /.) 

Order  ROSALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  or  rarely  aquatic  plants  or  vines.  Leaves  with 
simple  or  compound  blades.  Flowers  mostly  perfect.  Calyx  and  corolla 
present  and  sometimes  irregular,  or  the  latter  occasionally,  or  both  rarely, 
wanting.  Andi-oecium  of  few  or  many  stamens.  Gynoeeium  of  1-severaI 
distinct  or  united  carpels.     Fniit  various. 

Flowers  regular  or  nearly  so. 

Seeds  with  usually  copious  endosperm. 

Calyx,   or   calvx  and  corolla,   present :    ovule  soli- 
tary in  each  carpel,  suspended.  Fam.  1.  Hamamelidaceae. 
Calyx    and    corolla     wanting :    ovules    several     or 

numerous  in  each  carpel,  horizontal.  Fam.  2.  Altingiaceae. 

Seeds  without  endosperm. 

Flowers  monoecious,  in  dense  globular  heads.  Fam.  3.  Platanaceae. 

Flowers  perfect,  or  if  monoecious  or  dioecious  not 
in  heads. 
Carpels  several  or  numerous,  or  if  solitary  be- 
coming an  achene.  Fam.  4.  Malaceae. 
Carpels  solitary,  not  becoming  an  achene. 

Leaf-blades    simple :    fruit    a    drupe :    ovary 

2-ovuled.  Fam.  5.  Amygdalaceae. 


PLATANACEAE.  29 

Leaf -blades    2-3-pinnate :    fruit    a    legume : 
ovary  several-ovuled. 
Petals  valvate  in  the  bud.  Fam.  6.  Mimosaceae. 

Petals  imbricate  in  the  bud.  Fam.  7.   Cassiaceae. 

Flowers  irregular. 

Upper  petal  enclosed  by  the  lateral  ones  in  the  bud : 

corolla  not  papilionaceous.  Fam.  7.   Cassiaceae. 

Upper   petal    enclosing  the    lateral    ones   in    the    bud : 

corolla   papilionaceous.  Fam.  8.   Fabaceae. 

Family  1.    HAMAMELIDACEAE.     Witch-hazel  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  mostly  toothed.  Flowers 
perfect,  monoecious,  or  polygamous,  variously  clustered  or  silicate.  Calyx 
of  4  or  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  narrow  petals,  or  wanting.  Androe- 
cium  of  4-many  stamens.  Gynoecium  2-  or  3-earpellary.  Ovary  2-  or 
3-celled :  styles  distinct.  Fruit  a  leathery  or  woody  ca^jsule,  often  elas- 
tically  dehiscent. 

1.  HAMAMELIS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees  with  perfect  or  polygamous  flowers, 
which  are  borne  3  together  on  short  lateral  peduncles.  Sepals  spreading  or 
reflexed.  Stamens  4;  filaments  short-subulate.  Capsule  abruptly  beaked. 
1.  H.  virginiana  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  suborbicular,  oval- 
elliptic  or  obovate,  4-15  cm.  long,  coarsely  erenate:  petals  yellow,  1-2  cm. 
long:  capsules  ovoid  to  subglobose,  12-15  mm.  long,  elastically  dehiscent. — 
Fall. 

The  Witch-hazel  grows  in  rich  or  low  woods  in  northern  Florida.  The  brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.     (Gont.) 

Family  2.    ALTINGIACEAE.     Sweet-gum  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  toothed  or  palmately  lobed. 
Flowers  usually  monoecious,  borne  in  heads.  Calyx  and  corolla  wanting. 
Androecium  of  numerous  stamens  interspersed  in  scales.  Gynoecium  of 
2  partially  united  carpels.  Stigmas  introrse.  Fruit  a  head  of  many  con- 
creted capsules. 

1.  LIQUIDAMBAR    L.       Trees    with    balsamic  sap    and    corky-winged 

branches.     Leaf-blades    palmately    lobed.     Staminate  flowers    in    racemes    or 

panicled  heads.  Pistillate  flowers  in  solitary  heads.  Fruiting  head  drooping. 
Fertile  seeds  winged  at  one  end. 

1.  L.  Styraciflua  L.  Tree  becoming  45  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  5-lobed,  the  lobes 
triangular  or  lanceolate:  fruiting  heads  3-4  cm.  in  diameter,  persistent: 
fertile  seeds  about   1   cm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Sweet-gum  grows  in  swamps  and  low  hammocks  in  northern  Florida  and 
In  the  peninsula  as  far  south  as  the  Everglade  region.  The  brown  and  often  red- 
tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy  and  hard  but  weak.  Also  known  as 
Bilsted.     (Cont.) 

Family  3.    PLATANACEAE.     Plane-tree  Family. 

Trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  palmately  lobed.  Flowei's  monoecious, 
minute,  borne  on  globose  receptacles,  the  heads  dense,  solitary,  spicate,  or 
racemose.  Perianth  obsolete.  Staminate  flowers  veiy  numerous :  stamens 
3-8 :  filaments  nearly  obsolete :  anthers  elongate,  each  surmounted  by  a 
dilated  connective.  Pistillate  flowers  less  numerous  than  the  staminate: 
carpels  2-9,  1-celled,  mingled  with  staminodia  which  are  pilose  at  the 
apex,  surrounded  by  long-jointed  persistent  hairs:  styles  terminal:  stigma 
1-sided.     Fruit  a  head  of  elongate  achenes,  each  surrounded  by  rigid  hairs- 


30  MALACEAE. 

1.  PLATANUS  [Toum.]  L.  Trees  with  smooth  bark  and  stout  irregular 
branches  from  which  are  suspended  the  usually  numerous  long-peduncled 
fruit-heads. 

1.  P.  occidentalis  L.  Tree  becoming  55  m.  tall,  the  bark  pale:  leaf -blades 
3-5-lobed,  10-20  cm.  broad,  permanently  woolly-pubescent  on  the  veins 
beneath:   fruiting  heads  subglobose,  2-4  cm.  in  diameter,  drooping.  —  Spr. 

The  BcTTONWooD  grows  on  the  banks  of  streams  in  northern  Florida.  The 
brown  heart-wood  is  rather  coarse-grained,  heavy  and  hard  but  weak.  Also  known 
as   Sycamore  or  Buttonball.      {Cont.) 

Fa^iily  4.    MALACEAE.     Apple   Family. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple  and  pinnately  veined, 
or  pinnately  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  regular.  Hypanthium  adnata 
to  the  ovaiy.  Calyx  of  mostly  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  mostly  5  petals. 
Androecium  of  numerous,  or  rarely  few,  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2-5 
wholly  or  partially  united  carpels,  or  rarely  of  1  carpel.  Fruit  a  more  or 
less  fleshy  pome,  being  the  thickened  hyiDanthium  enclosing  the  carpels. 

Carpels  papery  or  leathery  at  maturity. 

Cavities  of  the  ovary  as  many  as  the  styles. 

Styles    distinct :    hypanthium-mouth   more   or    less    closed 

with  a  disk.  1.  Pyeus. 

Styles  united  at  the  base  :  hypanthium  mouth  without  a 

disk.  2.  M.\Lus. 

Cavities  of  the  ovary  becoming  twice  as  many  as  the  styles.      3.  Amel.\nchier. 
Carpels  bony  at  maturity.  4.  Crataegus. 

1.  PYEUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Leaf -blades  simple,  usually  toothed.  Cymes 
simple.     Pome  usually  tapering  to  the  base,  the  flesh  with  grit-cells. 

1.  P.  communis  L.  Tree,  usually  thorny:  leaf -blades  ovate,  elliptic,  or  obo- 
vate,  slender-petioled,  3-8  em.  long,  acute  or  acuminate,  glabrous  or  nearly  so 
in  age,  the  base  usually  rounded:  cymes  few-several-flowered:  pedicels  1.8-5 
cm.  long:  sepals  about  as  long  as  the  hypanthium:  corolla  white,  about  2.5 
cm.  broad:  pome,  in  the  wild  form,  seldom  over  5  em.  long,  in  the  numerous 
cultivated  forms  often  much  larger.  —  Spr. 

The  Pear,  a  native  of  Europe  and  Asia,  grows  in  thickets  and  woods  and  on 
roadsides  nearly  throughout  Florida.  The  reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 

2.  MAIjUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Leaf -blades  simple,  toothed  or  lobed.  Cymes 
simple.     Pome  depressed  at  both  ends,  the  flesh  without  grit-cells.  —  Spr. 

1.  M.  coronaria  (L.)  Mill.  Small  tree:  leaf -blades  thick,  shining  and  dark- 
green  above,  dentate  or  often  entire,  narrowed  at  the  base,  2.5-5  cm.  long: 
cymes  few-flowered:  pedicels  2.5-4  cm.  long,  slender:  flowers  fragrant:  sepals 
glabrous:  corolla  pink,  mostly  less  than  2.5  cm.  broad:  styles  nearly  separate: 
pome  about  2.5  cm.  in  diameter. 

The  Crab-appi-e  grows  in  open  woods  and  thickets  in  middle  and  western 
Florida.     The  light-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 

3.  AMELANCHIER     Medic.     Leaf-blades     simple,     toothed     or     rarely 

entire.     Cymes     simple.     Pomes     berry-like,     globular.  —  Winter     «&:     spr.  — 

Service-berry.     May-cherry.  —  The   heart-wood   of   the   following   species   is 

close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.     It  is  brown  or  red-brown. 

Leaf-blades  rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base,  glabrous,  at  least  at  maturity. 

1 .  .4 .  canadensis. 
Leaf-blades  narrowed  at  the  base,  permanently  pubescent.  2.  A.  ohlongifoUa. 

1.  A,  canadensis  (L.)  Medic.  Tree  becoming  17  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  rounded 
or  cordate  at  the  base,  sharply  and  finely  serrate,  sometimes  sparingly  pubes- 


MALACEAE.  31 

cent  when  young,  but  early  glabrous,  2.5-7.5  cm.  long:  pedicels  slender: 
petals  linear,  linear-spatulate  or  linear-oblong,  12-18  mm.  long,  3-4  times  the 
length  of  the  nearly  or  quite  glabrous  calyx  and  hypanthium :  ponies  gIol)ose, 
red  or  purple,  sweet,  about  6  mm.  in  diameter. 

The  JuNE-BEiiitY  grows  in  dry  woods  in  middle  and  western  Florida.   (Cont.) 

2.  A.  oblongifolia  (T.  &  G.)  Eoemer.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  foliage  and 
inflorescence  densely  white-woolly  when  young,  often  nearly  or  quite  glabrous 
when  old:  leaf -blades  rounded,  or  sometimes  narrowed  or  subcordate  at  the  base, 
finely  and  sharply  serrate  nearly  all  around:  pedicels  short,  seldom  over  2.5  cm. 
long:  petals  spatulate  or  linear-spatulate,  6-14  mm.  long,  twice  or  thrice  as 
long  as  the  calyx  and  hypanthium:  pomes  6-8  mm.  in  diameter. 

The  Shad-bush  grows  in  sandy  woods  in  northern  Florida.  (Cont.) 
4.  CRATAEGUS  L.^  Small  trees  or  shrubs,  usually  armed  with  thorns  or 
spines.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple,  petioled.  Flowers  terminal,  cymose 
or  corymbose.  Hypanthium  cup-shaped  or  campanulate,  adnate  to  the  carpels. 
Sepals  5,  reflexed  after  anthesis.  Corolla  white  or  pink.  Petals  5,  spreading, 
rounded,  inserted  on  the  margin  of  the  disk  in  the  throat  of  the  hypanthium. 
Stamens  5-25,  inserted  in  1-3  rows  on  the  edge  of  the  hypanthium:  filaments 
slender,  incurved:  anthers  oblong  or  suborbicular,  white,  yellow,  pink  or 
purple.  Ovary  inferior,  or  its  summit  free,  composed  of  1-5  carpels:  styles 
1-5,  not  united,  persistent:  stigmas  terminal.  Pome  globose,  pyriform  or 
oval,  yellow,  orange-red,  blue  or  black,  containing  1-5  bony  carpels,  each 
usually  1-seeded.  Seed  erect,  the  testa  membranous.  —  Haw.  —  The  plants 
bloom  in  the  spring. 
Ilypostvle  short  and  broad,   upwardly  and   dorsally   extended   over  the   apes  of  the 

nutlets.  I.    COKDATAE. 

Ilypostyle  confined  to  tbe  ventral  or  lateral  surface  of  the 
nutlets,  abruptly  terminated  at  the  apex. 

a.  Corymbs  simple,  2-5-flowered.  glabrous,  expanding  in 

February  and   early   March  :   fruit  globose,   red   or 

orange-red,  ripening  from  May  to  July.  II.  Aestivales. 

b.  Corymbs   compound,   many-flowered,    usually   glabrous 

(pilose  in  nos.  13  and  16),  stamens  normally  20: 

fruit   red  or  yellow,   less  than   1    cm.   in   diameter.         III.  Virides. 

c.  Corymbs    4-10-flowered,   glabrous   or   very   nearly    so : 

stamens  20:  fruit  glabrous,  1.5  mm.  in  diameter 
or  less,  at  maturity  yellow,  orange,  green  or  red, 
the  flesh  firm  :  leaf-blades  glabrous  when  grown, 
ovate,  lanceolate,  elliptic  or  sometimes  obnvate, 
serrate  and  shallowly  incised  (deeply  incised  in 
no.  40).  IV.  Saegentiaxae. 

d.  Corymbs  similar  to  those  of  the  next  preceding  sec- 

tion :  fruit  small,  oval,  subpyriform  or  globose : 
leaf-blades  deeply  and  acutely  incised  or  with 
numerous  serrate  rounded  lobe-like  incisions.  V.  Pulciierkimae. 

e.  Corymbs   1-,   2-  or  3-flowered.   or  frequently   o-7-flow- 

ered,  the   pedicels  and   hypanthium  either   glabrous, 
pubescent    or    tomentose :    fruit    glabrous,    yellow, 
green,   orange   or   red,   the   flesh   usually   soft,   and 
pleasant  to  the   taste  :   leaf-blades  various   in   out- 
line, serrate,  crenate,  dentate  or  entire,  pubescent 
or  glabrous  :   branches   often   pendulous. 
Flowers    produced    in    few-flowered,    mostly    5-7-flow- 
ered  corymbs  :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubes- 
cent  or   glabrous    (densely    white-tomentose    in 
no.  78)  :  leaf-blades  serrate,  dentate  or  crenate, 
pubescent   or  glabrous  :    branches   spreading   or 
ascending   or    occasionally    drooping    as    in    the 

ViSENDAB. 

Leaf-blades    serrate    or    coarsely    and    irregularly 

dentate.  VI.   Sokoriae. 

Leaf-blades    finely    dentate    or    glandular-dentate, 

usually  with  several  tooth-like  lobes.  VII.  Visendae. 

^  Descriptions  and  keys  taken  from  the  monograph  of  Crataegus  by  Mr.  C. 
D.  Beadle,  published  in  my  Flora  of  the  Southeastern  United  States  (1903). 


32 


MALACEAE. 


Flowers  produced  In  few-flowered,  mostly  3-o-flow- 
ered  corymbs  :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomen- 
tose  or  pubescent  :  leaf-blades  dentate,  crenate 
or  entire,  either  tomentose,  pubescent  or 
glabrous  :  branches  mostly  drooping. 
Mature  fruit  globose,  subglobose  or  oval. 

Fruit   averaging   1    cm.    in   diameter   or   more. 
Leaf-blades  entire  or  nearly  so. 
Leaf-blades   toothed,  often   lobed. 
Fruit  averaging  less  than  1  cm.  in  diameter. 
Mature  fruit  pyriform. 

Fruits  1.5-2  cm.  long,  over  1  cm.  thick. 
Fruits  smaller. 
Flowers  solitary,  2  or  3  together  (usually  more  In 
no.  132)  :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous  or 
pubescent :  leaves  small ;  blades  cuneate  or  spatu- 
late,  or  sometimes  with  abruptly  contracted  bases  : 
spines   usually  numerous  :  sepals  narrow. 

f.  Corymbs  with  a  single  flower  each,  or  2  or  3  flowers, 

or  occasionally  more  :  sepals  long  and  usually  con- 
spicuously incised :  fruit  globose  or  pyriform,  at 
maturity  red,  yellow  or  greenish,  the  flesh  firm  : 
leaves  relatively  small ;  blades  spatulate,  elliptic 
or  ovate :  spines  usually  numerous,  long  and 
slender. 

g.  Corymbs    several-many-flowered,     glabrous :     stamens 

7-20  :  fruit  red,  green  and  red  or  yellow,  the  flesh 
firm  or  succulent :  leaf-blades  mostly  shining,  obo- 
vate,  spatulate,  oval  or  elliptic,  glabrous  or  nearly 
so  when  fully  grown  :  branches  frequently  armed 
with  numerous  large  spines,  or  occasionally 
unarmed. 

L      CORDATAE. 
Leaf-blades  broadly  ovate,  cordate,  truncate  or  abruptly  cont 

Leaf-blades  spatulate  or  oblanceolate,  narrowed  or  cuneate 
at  the  base. 

IL      AESTIVALES. 

Shoots,  petioles,  and  lower  surfaces  of  the  leaf-blades  rufous- 

tomentose. 
Shoots,  petioles,  and  leaves  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

Leaf-blades  with  abruptly  contracted  bases. 

Leaf-blades  with  cuneate  or  narrowed  bases. 

III.     VIRIDES. 

Leaf-blades   coarsely  and  irregularly  serrate,  often  with   blunt 
or  acute  shallow  lobes. 
Leaf-blades  ample,  2-4  cm.  wide. 

Leaf-blades    (exclusive   of  those  on   the  shoots)    1-2    cm. 
wide  :  twigs  very  spiny. 
Leaf-blades  all   sharply  serrate  and  Incisely  lobed. 

IV.  SARGENTIANAE. 

Mature  fruit  yellow,  orange-yellow,  or  green  sometimes 
checked  with  red :  anthers  dark-purple :  leaf-blades  not 
conspicuously  elongate. 

V.  PULCHERRIMAE. 

Fruit  oval  at  maturity,  the  flesh  attenuate  with  the  pedicels. 
Fruit  6-8  mm.  long. 
Fruit  10-12  mm.  long. 
Fruit  globose  or  nearly  so,  the  flesh  not  attenuate  with  the 
pedicel. 
Leaves  more  than  2  cm.  wide. 

Leaf-borders  with  round,  usually  sharp-pointed,  lobes. 
Leaf-borders  with  acute  lobes. 
Leaves    (exclusive   of   those   on   the   shoots)    mostly   less 
than   2  cm.   wide. 

VI.     SORORIAE. 

Anthers  yellow,  white,  or  cream-color. 

Fruit  yellow  and   red,   or   orange-red  with   ruddy   cheeks. 


VIII. 
IX. 
X. 


ixtegrae. 
Dentatae. 
Anisophyllae. 


XI.  Colonicae. 
XII.  Recdrvae. 


XIII.  Lepidae. 


XIV.  Unifloeae. 


XV.  Crl'S-galli. 


racted 
1.  C. 


at  the  base. 
apiifoUa. 


C.  spathiilata. 


3.  C.  aestivalis. 


4.  C. 

5.  C. 


maleoides. 
litculenta. 


palndosa. 
subviridis. 


9.  C.  contrita. 


10.  C. 

11.  C 


12.  C. 

13.  C. 


pulcherrima. 
abstrusa. 


assimilis. 
robtir. 


14.  C.  concinna. 


MALACEAE. 


33 


Fruit  deep-  or  bright-red. 

I'edicels  sliort,  pubescent,  at  least  in  anthesis. 
redieels  1   cm.  or  more  long,  white-tomentose. 
Anthers  purple  or  purplish. 


VI  r. 


VISENDAE. 

often    flushed    or 


Fruit    pyriform,    yellow    or    orange-yellow 

cheeked  with  red. 
Fruit  subglobose  or  oval. 

Leaf-blades  with  large  blunt  or  rounded  lobes. 
Leaf-blades  with  numerous  small,  tooth-like  lobes. 

Anthers   pink  or  pale-purple  :   inflorescence   pubescent 
Anthers  white  :  inflorescence  densely  white  woolly. 


15.  C.  galbana. 

10.  C.  abdita. 

17.  C.  consaii guinea. 


V.  visanhi. 


19.  C.  egrcyia. 


20.  C.  guacsita. 

21.  C.  cgcns. 


VIIL      INTEGRAE. 
Fruit   red. 

Anthers   light-yellow  :   calyx  deciduous. 
Anthers  pale-purple :   calyx   persistent. 
Fruit  yellow,  orange,  or  orange-red,  the  cheeks  often  flushed. 
Pubescence  of  the  corymbs   copious  but  thin. 
Pubescence    of   the    corymbs   densely   white-woolly. 

Vernal    leaves    bright-green  :    pedicels    at    maturity    1 

cm.   long  or   more. 
Vernal   leaves  gray-green  :   pedicels  very  short. 


22.  C.  Integra. 

23.  G.  adtinca. 


24.  C.  panda. 


25.   C.  dapsilis. 


IX.      DENTATAE. 

Fruit   red   at  maturity. 

Fruit  yellow,  orange  or  orange-red,  the  cheeks  often  red. 

Pedicels    clothed    with    white    spreading    hairs :    flowers 
2-2.5   cm.   wide. 

Pedicels  white-woolly. 


X. 


ANISOPHYLLAE. 

leaf-blades   lobed 


Fruit   orange,    often    with    flushed   cheek's 

at  the  apex. 
Fruit  red  or  reddish  :  leaf-blades  lobed  and  toothed 


27.   C.  compitalis. 


28.  C.  claru. 

29.  C.  arnica. 


30.  C.  anisophyUa. 

31.  C.  viaria. 


XI.     COLONICAE. 

Leaf-blades   dentate,   slightly   glandular-margined. 


32.  C.  vicana. 


XII.      RECURVAE. 

Leaf-blades    (exclusive  of  those  on  the  shoots)    less  than   2 
cm.    wide. 
Fruit  red. 

Fruit  yellow,  orange,  or  orange-red,  cheeked  or  splotched 
with  red. 
Prevailing  leaves  with  the  blades  abruptly  contracted 
at  the  base. 
Fruit  8-12  mm.  thick  :  spines  mostly  1-2  cm.  long. 
Leaf-blades  conspicuously  dentate  and  glandular. 
Leaf-blades     subentire,     the    glands     less     con- 
spicuous. 
Blades   obovate   or   suborbicular. 
Blades  much  more  elongate. 
Fruit  smaller  :   spines  numerous,   1.5-3.5   cm.   long. 
Prevailing  leaves  with  the  blades  cuneate  at  the  base, 
or  with   long-winged  petioles. 
Mature  leaves   more  than   1   cm.  wide. 

Vernal  leaves  long,  conspicuously  overreaching 
the  flowers. 
Petioles  mostly  short,  never  as  long  as  the 

blades. 
Petioles     mostly     elongate,     sometimes     as 
long  as   the  blades. 
Flowers  large  :  sepals  4-5  mm.  long. 
Flowers  small  :  sepals  very  small. 
Vernal  leaves  less  than  2  cm.  long,  the  petioles 
white-woolly. 
Mature   leaves  less   than   1    cm.  wide. 
Some  or  all  of  the  leaves  (exclusive  of  those  on  the  shoots) 
2  cm.  wide  ;  pubescence  of  the  inflorescence  copious  but  thin. 

Trees  of  Florida  3. 


33.   C.  recurva. 


34.   0.  rimosa. 


35.  C.  inopiiia. 
3G.  C.  viUaris. 
37.   C.  curia. 


38.   C.  adiista. 


39.  C.  illudcns. 

40.  C.  rcrsuta. 


41.  C.  incana. 

42.  C.  crocca. 


43.   C.  audcns. 


34  MALACEAE. 

XIII.     LEPIDAE. 

Fruit  globose  at  maturity. 

Inflorescence  tomentose :   leaf-blades  abruptly   contracted 

below.  44.  C.  lepida. 

Inflorescence   glabrous :   leaf-blades   cuneate    or   spatulate.    45.   C.  lacrimata. 
Fruit  pyriform  or  nearly  so.  46.  C.  condigna. 

XIV.  UNIFLORAE. 

Mature  fruit  pyriform  :  sepals  narrow.  47.   C.  Earlei. 

XV.  CRUS-GALLI. 

Ripe  fruits  bright,  shining,   red:   spines   slender.  48.  C.  pi/racavthoides. 

1.  C.  apiifolia  (Marsh.)  Michx.  A  shrub,  or  a  small  tree,  2-6  m.  tall,  with 
smooth  gray  bark,  usually  with  several  crooked  stems.  Leaf-blades  broadly 
ovate  or  orbicular,  2-4  cm.  long,  2-4  em.  wide,  acute  at  the  apex,  mostly 
truncate  or  cordate  at  the  base,  pubescent,  at  least  when  young,  piunately  and 
deeply  5-7-cleft,  the  lobes  sharply  serrate:  corymbs  subsimple,  3-10-flowered: 
pedicels  and  hypanthium  pilose-pubescent:  sepals  lanceolate,  usually  glandular- 
serrate  and  colored  at  the  tips:  corolla  10-12  mm.  broad:  stamens  about  20, 
the  anthers  pink  or  purplish:  fruit  oblong  or  oval,  4-7  mm.  long,  scarlet: 
nutlets  1-3,  the  hypostyle  upwardly  and  dorsally  extended  over  the  apex. 

The  P.\RSLEY-H.\w  grows  in  low  rich  soil  and  swamps,  and  on  banks  in  northern 
Florida.      (Cont.) 

2.  C.  spathulata  Michx.  A  shrub  or  small  tree,  sometimes  6-8  m.  tall,  with 
gray  or  brown  smooth  or  minutely  scaly  bark  and  usually  several  stems.  Leaf- 
blades  spatulate  or  oblanceolate,  1-4  cm.  long,  5-20  mm.  wide,  narrowed  into 
winged  petioles,  obtuse  or  subacute  at  the  apex,  the  borders  crenate  or  crenate- 
serrate  and  frequently  incisely  2-3-lobed,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so,  shining 
above:  corymbs  compound,  many-flowered,  glabrous:  pedicels,  hypanthium  and 
short  triangular  sepals  glabrous:  corolla  7-10  mm.  broad:  stamens  about  20: 
fruit  globose,  red  at  maturity,  4-6  mm.  in  diameter:  nutlets  3-5,  the  hypostyle 
upwardly  and  dorsally  extended  over  the  apex. 

The    Small-feuited   haw   grows   in   moist    rich    soil    and   on   banks    of   streams 
in  northern  Florida.      (Cont.) 

3.  C.  aestivalis  (Walt.)  T.  &  G.  A  tree  5-9  m,  tall,  or  a  large  shrub  with 
several  stems,  the  bark  dark  reddish  brown,  fissured  and  scaly.  Leaf-blades 
elliptic,  oblong,  oblong-euneate  or  obovate,  2-7  cm.  long,  1.5-3  cm.  wide, 
either  acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  below  into  winged 
petioles,  dentate,  sinuate  or  crenate-serrate,  tomentose  with  a  pale  or  rufous 
covering  when  young,  becoming  in  age  glabrate  or  glabrous  above,  below 
rufous-tomentose,  especially  along  the  midrib  and  veins:  corymbs  2-5-flowered, 
simple:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous:  sepals  triangular,  usually  colored 
near  the  tips,  minutely  serrate  or  entire:  stamens  about  20,  the  anthers  purple: 
fruit  depressed-globose,  red  at  maturity,  punctate,  12-15  mm.  in  diameter: 
nutlets  3-5,  the  hypostyle  confined  to  the  lateral  faces  and  terminated  at  the 
ventral  apex. 

The   !May-haw   grows   in   shallow   ponds   and   on   banks    of   streams   in   northern 
Florida.      (Cont.) 

4.  C.  maleoides  Sarg.  A  small  tree  4-5  m.  tall,  or  more  frequently  a  large 
shrub  with  several  stems.  Leaf-blades  oval,  obovate  or  nearly  orbicular,  those 
of  the  shoots  usually  ovate,  1.5-5  cm.  long,  1-4  cm.  broad,  glabrous  or  with 
tufts  of  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  beneath,  acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  or  contracted  below  into  short  winged  petioles,  serrate,  and  at  least 
on  the  shoots  shallowly  incised:  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and 
hypanthium  glabsous:  sepals  lanceolate,  usually  colored:  stamens  15-20,  the 
anthers  purple:  fruit  subglobose  or  slightly  oval,  at  maturity  red,  8-12  mm. 
thick:   nutlets  3-5,  the  hypostyle  confined  to  the  lateral  surfaces. 

In  wet  or  moist  soil  bordering  streams,  Volusia  County.      (Endemic.) 


MALACEAE.  36 

5.  C.  luculenta  Sarg.  A  slender  tree  4-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray  or  dark 
reddish  brown  bark.  Leaf-blades  spatulate  or  cuneiform,  frequently  ovate  or 
obovate  on  the  shoots,  2-4  cm.  long,  1-3  cm.  broad  or  larger  on  vigorous 
branches,  cuneate  or  contracted  at  the  base  into  margined  petioles,  acute  or 
bluntly  pointed  at  the  apex,  irregularly  serrate  and  incised,  glabrous  when 
fully  grown,  or  with  tufts  of  pale  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  principal  veins 
beneath:  corymbs  2-5-flowered,  simple:  pedicels,  hypanthium  and  lanceolate 
sepals  glabrous:  corolla  15-18  mm.  broad:  stamens  15-20,  the  anthers  purple: 
fruit  globose  or  subglobose,  8-10  mm.  in  diameter,  orange-red  when  ripe: 
nutlets  3-5,  4-6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  3-4  mm.  long. 

In  swampy  woods,  Volusia  County.      (Endemic.) 

6.  C.  viridis  L.  A  tree  often  6-10  m.  tall,  with  gray  or  reddish  brown  fissured 
and  frequently  exfoliating  bark.  Leaf-blades  ovate-lanceolate,  elliptic  or 
oblong-obovate,  rarely  ovate,  2-7  cm.  long,  2-4  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  the 
shoots,  acute  or  bluntly  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  abruptly  contracted 
at  the  base,  irregularly  serrate  and  often  with  acute  or  blunt  shallow  lobes, 
glabrous  or  with  tufts  of  pale  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  beneath:  corymbs 
compound,  many-flowered,  glabrous:  corolla  10-14  mm.  wide:  stamens  normally 
20:  fruit  globose  or  subglobose,  4-7  mm.  in  diameter,  red  or  orange-red  when 
ripe:  nutlets  usually  5,  the  hypostyle  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  ventral  angle. 

In  low  ground  and  moist  woods   in  northern  Florida.      (Cont.) 

7.  C.  paludosa  Sarg.  A  small  tree  4-5  m.  tall,  with  gray  or  reddish  brown 
bark,  or  more  frequently  a  large  shrub  with  several  stems  and  spiny  branches. 
Leaf-blades  oval,  elliptic,  obovate  or  oblanceolate,  or  on  the  shoots  ovate,  2-4 
cm.  long,  7-30  mm.  wide,  mostly  acute  at  the  apex,  cuneate,  contracted  or  on 
the  shoots  rounded  at  the  base,  glabrous  or  with  tufts  of  pale  hairs  in  the 
axils  of  the  veins  beneath,  serrate,  occasionally  cleft  or  incised,  especially  on 
vigorous  shoots:  corymbs  several-many-flowered:  stamens  about  20,  the  anthers 
purple:  fruit  subglobose  or  short-oval,  5-8  mm.  in  diameter,  red  or  orange-red 
at  maturity:  nutlets  3-5,  the  hypostyle  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  ventral 
angle. 

In  low  grounds  and  on  banks  of  streams,  Volusia  County.      (Endemic.) 

8.  C.  subviridis  Beadle.  A  tree  6-8  m.  tall,  with  gray  bark.  Leaf-blades 
ovate,  obovate  or  oval,  2.5-6  cm.  long,  1-4  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  the  shoots, 
acute  or  acuminate,  rarely  rounded  at  the  apex,  contracted  or  narrowed  at  the 
base,  or  on  the  shoots  rounded  and  truncate,  glabrous  or  glabrate  when  fully 
grown,  the  borders  serrate  and  incisely  lobed:  corymbs  compound,  many- 
flowered,  pilose-pubescent:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  sparsely  pilose:  sepals 
narrowly  lanceolate,  entire  or  minutely  serrate,  pubescent  on  the  inner  surface, 
at  least  at  flowering  time:  corolla  12-15  mm.  wide:  stamens  normally  20: 
fruit  globose,  5-7  mm.  in  diameter:  nutlets  3-5,  about  5  mm.  long,  the  hypo- 
style three-fourths  as  long  as  the  nutlet. 

In   low  woods  and  on  banks  of  streams,  near  Chattahoochee.      (Endemic.) 

9.  C.  contrita  Beadle.  A  tree  sometimes  6-7  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray  or 
brownish  scaly  bark,  or  more  frequently  a  large  shrub  with  spreading  branches. 
Leaf-blades  ovate,  oval  or  oblong,  rarely  short-obovate  or  suborbicular,  2-5 
cm.  long,  1.5-5  em.  broad,  glabrous  at  maturity,  acute  or  bluntly  terminated 
at  the  apex,  rounded  or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  serrate  and  incised ; 
petioles  5-20  mm.  long,  margined:  corymbs  simple,  glandular-bracteate,  3-7- 
flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous:  sepals  3-5  mm.  long,  glandular- 
serrate:  corolla  12-17  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  dark  purple:  fruit 
subglobose,  7-9  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  yellow-green  or  orange,  often 
with  ruddy  cheeks,  the  flesh  firm :  nutlets  2-3,  rarely  3-5,  about  6  mm.  long,  the 
hypostyle  occupying  a  trifle  more  than  half  of  the  ventral  angle. 

In  dry  woods  and  on  ui)lands.  middle  Florida.     Also  occurs  in  adjacent  Georgia. 


36  MALACEAE. 

10.  C,  pulcherrima  Ashe.  A  small  tree  4-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  rough  or  scaly 
bark,  or  oftener  a  large  shrub  with  one  or  several  stems.  Leaf-blades  ovate, 
oval  or  slightly  obovate,  2-5  cm.  long,  1.-5-4  cm.  wide,  glabrous  at  maturity, 
mostly  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted,  or  on  leading  shoots  rounded 
or  truncate  at  the  base,  the  borders  serrate  and  deeply  incised  or  3-7-lobed; 
petioles  slender,  5-20  mm.  long,  margined:  corymbs  simple,  glandular-bracteate, 
3-7-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypauthium  glabrous:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  entire 
or  glandular-serrate:  corolla  15-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  dark 
purple:  fruit  oval,  5-7  mm.  thick,  6-8  mm.  long,  at  maturity  yellow-green, 
sometimes  with  flushed  cheeks,  the  flesh  thin  and  firm:  nutlets  usually  2-3, 
rarely  more,  4-5  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  half  the  length  of  the  ventral 
angle. 

In  woods  and  on  bunks,  middle  Florida.     Also  occurs  in  adjacent  Georgia. 

11.  C.  abstrusa  Beadle.  A  shrub  or  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  gray  or 
brownish  scaly  bark.  Leaf -blades  oval,  ovate,  obovate  or  orbicular,  2-4.5  cm.  long, 
1.5-3.5  cm.  broad,  glabrous,  obtuse  or  slightly  pointed  at  the  apex,  contracted 
at  the  base,  borders  serrate  and  with  shallow  rounded,  lobe-like  incisions; 
petioles  5-20  mm.  long,  margined,  remotely  glandular:  corymbs  glandular- 
bracteate,  simple,  3-7-flowered:  pedicels  5-12  mm.  long,  glabrous,  as  is  the 
hypauthium:  sepals  triangular-lanceolate,  3-4  mm.  long,  serrate  or  entire: 
corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  dark  purple:  fruit  oval  or 
f*hort-pyriform,  7-9  mm.  thick,  10-12  mm.  long:  the  flesh  firm:  nutlets  usually 
2-3,  rarely  more,  about  6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  about  half  of  the 
ventral  angle. 

In  woods,  especially  in  sandy  soil,  near  Tallahassee.      (Endemic.) 

12.  0.  assitnilis  Beadle.  A  small  tree  or  large  shrub  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark 
gray  or  brownish  scaly  bark.  Leaf-blades  ovate  or  oval,  2-5  cm.  long,  1.5-4 
■cm.  wide,  glabrous,  acute  at  the  apex,  contracted  or  rounded  at  the  base,  the 
borders  serrate  and  with  rounded,  lobe-like  incisions;  petioles  7-20  mm.  long, 
margined:  corymbs  simple,  3-6-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypauthium  glabrous: 
sepals  triangular-lanceolate,  3-4  mm.  long,  serrate  or  nearly  entire:  corolla 
15-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  pale  purple:  fruit  globose,  7-9  mm. 
wide,  the  flesh  firm:  nutlets  3-5,  about  6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  a 
trifle  more  than  half  the  ventral  angle. 

In  dry  woods  and  on  hills,  near  Chattahoochee.      (Endemic.) 

13.  C.  robur  Beadle.  A  tree,  sometimes  7-8  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  1-1.5  dm. 
in  diameter,  clothed  with  gray  or  brownish  scaly  bark,  or  more  often  a  large 
shrub  with  one  or  more  stems.  Leaf-blades  ovate,  oval  or  short  obovate,  3-6 
cm.  long,  1.5-4  cm.  broad,  or  wider  on  leading  shoots,  glabrous,  acute  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  contracted,  or  on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  or  subtruncate  at 
the  base,  the  borders  serrate  and  incisely  lobed  or  acutely  cleft :  corymbs  simple 
or  subsimple,  3-10-flowered,  glandular-bracteate:  pedicels  1-2  cm.  long,  like 
the  hypauthium,  glabrous:  sepals  lanceolate,  3-4  mm.  long,  entire  or  sparingly 
serrate:  corolla  15-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  pale  purple:  fruit 
subglobose,  7-9  mm.  wide,  the  flesh  firm:  nutlets  3-5,  5-6  mm.  long,  the  hypo- 
style about  4  mm.  long. 

In  woods  and  on  borders  of  fields,  near  Tallahassee.      (Endemic.) 

14.  C.  conciima  Beadle.  A  shrub  2-4  m.  tall,  with  dark  gray  scaly  bark. 
Leaf-blades  ovate-lanceolate,  oblong  or  elliptic,  those  of  the  shoots  ovate,  2-5 
cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide  or  on  the  shoots  3-4  cm.  wide,  glabrous,  acute  or 
bluntly  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  or  on  leading  shoots, 
rounded  at  the  base,  the  borders  serrate  and  more  or  less  incised,  the  lobes  or 
incisions  rounded  or  on  the  larger  leaves,  acutely  notched:  corymbs  simple, 
glandular-bracteate,  3-6-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypauthium  glabrous:  sepals 
triangular-lanceolate,  mostly  serrate,  3-4  mm.  long:  corolla  15-18  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  purple :  fruit  subglobose,  7-8  mm.  thick,  the  flesh  firm : 


MALACEAE.  37 

nutlets  3-5,  about  5  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  half  the  length  of  the 
ventral  angle. 

In  woods  and  on  borders  of  swamps,  western  Florida.      (Endemic.) 

15.  C.  galbana  Beadle.  A  small  tree  5-6  m.  tall,  with  a  short  trunk  some- 
times 1-1.5  dm.  in  diameter,  clothed  with  dark  gray  or  brownish  black  bark,  or 
more  frequently  a  large  shrub  with  one  or  more  stems.  Leaf-blades  oval, 
obovate  or  round-ovate,  1-4  cm.  long,  1-3  em.  wide,  glabrous  at  maturity,  acute 
or  rounded  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  margins  irregu- 
larly dentate:  corymbs  simple,  1-5-flowered:  pedicels  short,  like  the  hypan- 
thium,  pubescent:  sepals  3-5  mm.  long,  serrate  and  glandular:  corolla  15-20 
mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow  or  nearly  white:  fruit  globose, 
9-13  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  red,  the  flesh  orange-yellow,  succulent: 
nutlets  3-5,  about  8  mm.  long,  3.5-4.5  mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  about  half  the 
length  of  the  ventral  angle. 

In  woods  and  on  borders  of  swamps,  near  River  .Junction.      (Endemic.) 

16.  C.  abdita  Beadle.  A  shrub  or  small  tree  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  ashy  gray 
or  brownish  bark.  Leaf-blades  obovate,  oval  or  suborbicular,  or  on  leading 
shoots  sometimes  broadly  ovate,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  1-3  cm.  wide,  glabrous  or 
glabrate  at  maturity,  rounded  or  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or 
contracted,  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the  base,  the  margins  irregularly 
dentate:  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  mostly  10-15  mm.  long,  like 
the  hypanthium,  white  tomentose:  sepals  5-6  mm.  long,  serrate  and  glandular: 
corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  fruit  globose,  10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  red, 
the  flesh  orange  or  orange-yellow,  succulent :  nutlets  3-5,  7-9  mm.  long, 
3.5-5  mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  5-6  mm.  long. 

In  woods,  mostly   in   sandy   soil.   River  Junction.      (Endemic.) 

17.  C.  consanguinea  Beadle.  A  tree  5-7  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  1-2  dm.  in 
diameter,  clothed  with  ashy  gray  or  brownish  black,  scaly  bark,  or  often  a  large 
shrub  with  one  or  more  stems.  Leaf-blades  obovate,  round-ovate  or  nearly 
orbicular,  1-4.5  cm.  long,  1-4  cm.  broad,  or  larger  on  the  shoots,  glabrous  at 
maturity,  acute  or  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  contracted  or  rounded  at  the 
base,  the  margins  serrate  or  serrate-dentate  and  shallowly  incised;  petioles  1-2 
cm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  1-5-flowered:  petioles  and 
hypanthium  pubescent:  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular:  corolla  about  2  cm. 
wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  purplish:  fruit  globose,  9-12  mm.  broad,  at 
maturity  red  or  orange  flushed  with  red,  the  flesh  succulent :  nutlets  3-5,  7-8 
mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

In   woods,   mostly  in  sandy  soil,  middle   Florida.      (Endemic.) 

18.  C.  visenda  Beadle.  A  tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  2.5-3  dm. 
in  diameter,  clothed  with  dark  gray  or  brownish  rough  bark.  Leaf-blades 
ovate,  obovate  or  orbicular,  2-4  cm.  long,  1-3.5  cm.  broad,  glabrous  in  age, 
acute  or  abruptly  pointed  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the  apex,  contracted  at 
the  base,  the  borders  finely  dentate  and  usually  with  several  acute  tooth-like 
lobes;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-6- 
flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubescent:  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular, 
serrate:  corolla  16-20  mm.  broad:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  pale  purple:  fruit 
pyriform,  10-12  mm.  thick,  12-15  mm.  long,  at  maturity  orange,  diffused  or 
cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  yellow  or  orange-yellow,  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  mostly 
3,  7-8.5  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  ventral  angle. 

In  sandy  soil,  near  Bristol.      (Endemic.) 

19.  C.  egregla  Beadle.  A  small  tree  4-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  and  very  rough 
bark.  Leaf-lilades  ovate,  oval  or  obovate,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  7  mm.-3  em.  broad, 
glabrous  at  maturity,  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  at  the  base, 
the  borders  glandular,  broken  by  several  large,  shallow,  blunt,  or  rounde^ 
lobes;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  flowers  produced  in  simple 
few-flowered    corymbs:    pedicels    and    hypanthium    sparsely    pilose-pubescent: 


38  MALACEAE. 

sepals  about  3  mm.  long,  entire  or  sparingly  serrate,  glandular :  stamens  15-20 : 
fruit  subglobose,  10-12  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  yellow  or  orange,  some- 
times flushed  with  red,  the  flesh  orange-yellow,  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  8  mm. 
long,  4-5  mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 
In    sandy    soil,   near   Bristol.      {Endemic.) 

20.  C.  quaesita  Beadle.  A  tree  occasionally  5-7  m.  tall,  with  a  short  trunk 
1-1.5  dm.  in  diameter,  clothed  with  ashy  gray  or  brownish  black  rough  bark> 
the  branches  drooping,  or  oftener  a  large  shrub  with  one  or  more  stems.  Leaf- 
blades  obovate  or  cuneiform,  1.5-5  cm.  long,  1-3  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  leading 
shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity,  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  cuneate 
or  more  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  dentate,  serrate-dentate  or 
creuate-dentate  and  with  tooth-like  lobes;  petioles  5  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined, 
glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubescent: 
sepals  3.5-5  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20, 
the  anthers  light  purple:  fruit  subglobose,  8-11  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity 
orange-red,  often  with  deeper  colored  cheeks,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about 
7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  about  two-thirds  of  the  ventral  angle. 

In  sandy  uplands,   Apalachicola  river   basin.      (Endemic.) 

21.  C.  egens  Beadle.  A  tree  4-7  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  sometimes  2  dm.  in 
diameter,  covered  with  dark  rough  bark,  the  branches  crooked  and  recurved. 
Leaf-blades  obovate,  cuneate  or  spatulate,  1-3  cm.  long,  5  mm.-2.5  cm.  wide, 
glabrate  at  maturity,  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  at 
the  base,  the  borders  dentate,  glandular  and  with  tooth-like  lobes  above  the 
middle;  petioles  3-15  mm.  long,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered  or 
flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  densely  white-woolly:  sepals  3-4 
mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  14-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers 
almost  white:  fruit  subglobose  or  slightly  oval,  9-11  mm.  thick,  at  maturity 
orange-red  with  ruddy  cheeks,  the  flesh  succulent:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm. 
long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  soil,  near  Bristol.      (Endemic.) 

22.  C.  Integra  (Nash)  Beadle.  A  small  tree  4-5  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  1-2  dm. 
in  diameter,  ashy  gray  or  dark  rough  bark  and  drooping  branches.  Leaf- 
blades  obovate  or  cuneate,  1.5-4  cm.  long,  7  mni.-2.5  cm.  wide,  pubescent  on 
the  lower  surface,  pointed  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the  apex,  contracted  or 
narrowed  at  the  base,  the  margins  glandular,  bluntly  or  undulately  lobed; 
petioles  5  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular,  pubescent:  corymbs  simple, 
3-5-flowered :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  densely  white-tomentose :  sepals  4-5 
mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers 
light  yellow:  fruit  globose,  10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  red,  the  flesh 
soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  8  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  5-6  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  woods  and  old  fields,  central  peninsular  Florida.      (Endemic.) 

23.  C.  adunca  Beadle.  A  large  shrub  or  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray 
or  dark  scaly  or  rough  bark.  Leaf -blades  obovate,  2-3  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2.5  cm. 
wide,  or  larger  on  leading  shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity,  abruptly 
pointed  or  rounded  at  the  apex  and  with  a  small  tooth-like  point,  contracted  or 
narrowed  at  the  base,  the  borders  minutely  dentate  or  nearly  entire,  glandular, 
sometimes  with  shallow  tooth-like  lobes;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined, 
glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose- 
pubescent:  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  pale  purple:  fruit  globose,  12-15  mm.  in  diameter,  red 
at  maturity,  the  flesh  orange,  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  7-8  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
4-5  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  woods,  about  Tallahassee.      (Endemic.) 

24.  0.  panda  Beadle.  A  tree  sometimes  6-7  m.  tall,  with  dark  rough  bark 
and  crooked  recurved  branches.  Leaf-blades  obovate  or  cuneate,  2-4  cm.  long, 
1-2.5  cm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading  shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity. 


MALACEAE.  39 

pointed  or  rounded  and  with  an  abrupt  sharp  point  at  the  apex,  contracted  or 
narrowed  at  the  base,  the  borders  nearly  entire,  glandular;  petioles  5-15  mm. 
long,  margined,  glandular :  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered :  pedicels  and  hypan- 
thium  pubescent:  sepals  -±-5  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:  corolla  15-20  mm. 
wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  almost  white:  fruit  globose  or  depressed  globose, 
10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  orange-yellow,  often  tinged  or  cheeked 
with  red,  the  flesh  orange-yellow,  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm.  long,  the 
hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

In   dry   sandy   soil,   about  Tallahassee.      (Endemic.) 

25.  C.  dapsilis  Beadle.  A  shrub  or  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray 
rough  bark  and  drooping  or  recurved  branches.  Leaf-blades  obovate  or 
cuneate,  1.5-4  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2.5  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  the  shoots,  more  or 
less  pubescent  at  maturity,  especially  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  midrib 
and  in  the  axils  of  the  veins,  rounded  or  slightly  and  abruptly  pointed  at  the 
apex,  contracted  or  narrowed,  or  on  leading  shoots  sometimes  rounded  at  the 
base,  the  borders  entire,  glandular;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandu- 
lar: corymbs  2-4-flowered  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  densely 
white-tomentose:  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular,  slightly  serrate:  corolla  15-20 
mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:  fruit  globose  or  subglobose, 
10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  yellow  or  orange,  cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft: 
nutlets  3-5,  8-9  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  5-6  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  soil,  central  peninsular  Florida.      (Endemic.) 

26.  C.  rava  Beadle.  A  shrub  or  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray  rough 
or  scaly  bark  and  crooked,  slightly  drooping  branches.  Leaf-blades  obovate, 
cuneate  or  spatulate,  1-3  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2.5  cm.  wide,  pubescent  or  glabrate 
at  maturity,  rounded  and  mostly  with  a  short  abrupt  point  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  glandular  and  nearly  entire; 
petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  2-4-flowered  or  flowers 
solitary:  pedicels  very  short,  like  the  hypanthium  densely  tomentose:  sepals 
4-5  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the 
anthers  light  yellow  or  almost  white:  fruit  globose  or  subglobose,  10-12  mm.  in 
diameter,  when  ripe  yellow  or  orange-yellow  cheeked  or  splotched  with  red,  the 
flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

In  open,  mostly  in  sandy  soil,  about  Tallahassee.      {Endemic.) 

27.  C.  compitalis  Beadle.  A  small  tree,  or  oftener  a  large  shrub,  2-5  m.  tall, 
with  dark  gray  or  brownish  rough  bark  and  recurved  branches.  Leaf-blades 
obovate  or  obovate-cuneiform,  2-4  cm.  long,  1-3  cm.  wide,  nearly  or  quite 
glabrous  in  age,  rounded  or  with  a  small  abrupt  point  at  the  apex,  usually 
contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  dentate  or  serrate-dentate;  petioles  5-15 
mm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and 
hypanthium  densely  tomentose:  sepals  4—5  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular: 
corolla  15-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow  or  nearly  white: 
fruit  subglobose  or  oval,  10-13  mm.  thick,  red  when  fully  ripe,  the  flesh  soft : 
nutlets  3-5,  8-9  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  6-7  mm.  long. 

On   roadsides,  near   Gainesville.      (Endemic.) 

28.  C.  Clara  Beadle.  A  small  tree  4-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  gray  or  brownish 
rough  bark,  or  oftener  a  large  much-branched  shrub.  Leaf-blades  obovate  or 
obovate-cuneate,  2-4  cm.  long,  1-2  cm.  broad,  or  larger  on  vigorous  shoots, 
shining  above,  slightly  pubescent  below,  even  in  age,  rounded  or  pointed  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  sometimes  more  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders 
dentate  or  crenate-dentate ;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular: 
corjTiibs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubescent:  sepals  4-5 
mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:  corolla  15-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers 
faintly  tinged  with  purple:  fruit  globose,  9-12  mm.  in  diameter,  orange-red 
when  ripe:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  soil  in  oak  woods,  Apalachicola  river  basin.      (Endemic.) 


40  MALACEAE. 

29.  C.  arnica  Beadle.  A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  or  rimose  bark  and  recurved  branches.  Leaf-blades  euneate  or  oblong- 
cuneiform,  or  on  leading  shoots  broadly  ovate,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  7  nim.-2.5  cm. 
broad,  or  wider  on  the  shoots,  mostly  pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  glandular,  dentate  above  the  middle; 
petioles  5  mm.-2.5  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-5- 
flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  densely  tomentose:  sepals  about  5  mm. 
long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  about  2  cm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light 
yellow:  fruit  subglobose,  10-13  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  orange  blotched  or 
cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
occupying  three-fourths  of  the  ventral  angle. 

In  sandy  woods  and  along  roads,  Ocala.      (Endemic.) 

30.  C.  anisophylla  Beadle.  A  large  shrub,  or  a  tree  sometimes  6  m.  tall,  with 
a  short  trunk  1.5-2  dm.  in  diameter,  clothed  with  dark  brown  rough  or  rimose 
bark,  the  branches  drooping.  Leaf-blades  spatulate  or  euneate,  2-4  em.  long, 
5  mm.-1.5  cm.  wide,  or  a  little  broader  on  the  shoots,  glabrous  in  age,  rounded, 
pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base;  petioles  5  mm.-3  cm. 
long,  winged,  remotely  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered  or  flowers 
solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  glandular- 
serrate:  corolla  about  15  mm.  wide:  stamens  about  20,  the  anthers  yellow: 
fruit  globose  or  subglobose,  6-8  mm.  in  diameter,  orange  flushed  or  cheeked 
with  red  when  fully  ripe,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  4.5-5.5  mm.  long,  the 
hypostyle  about  3  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  soil   and  on  the  banks  of  the   St.  .Tohns  river.      (.Endemic.) 

31.  C.  viaria  Beadle.  A  large  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  bark  and  drooping  branches.  Leaf-blades  spatulate,  euneate  or  obovate- 
cuneiform,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  1-2  cm.  wide,  glabrate  or  pubescent  along  the 
midrib  and  in  the  axils  of  the  principal  veins  beneath  at  maturity,  pointed  or 
lobed  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  or  more  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  the 
borders  dentate,  glandular,  and  usually  shallowly  lobed  above  the  middle; 
petioles  7  mm.-2  cm.  long,  winged,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered  or 
flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long, 
glandular-serrate  or  nearly  entire:  corolla  10-13  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the 
anthers  yellow:  fruit  globose,  7-9  mm.  in  diameter,  red  at  maturity:  nutlets 
3-5,  6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

In   sandy   soil,   northeastern   Florida.      (Endemic.) 

32.  C.  vicana  Beadle.  A  large  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  2-4  m.  tall,  with  ashy 
gray  or  brownish,  rough  or  rimose  bark  and  drooping  branches.  Leaf-blades 
euneate  or  oblong-  or  obovate-euneiform,  1.5-3.5  em.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide, 
or  on  leading  shoots  sometimes  4.5  cm.  wide,  glabrate  or  somewhat  pubescent 
beneath  at  maturity,  either  pointed  or  rounded,  occasionally  truncate  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  margins  dentate  or  shallowly 
lobed  near  the  apex;  petioles  7  mm.-2.5  em.  long,  margined,  glandular: 
corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  4-5 
mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers 
light  yellow:  fruit  pyriform  or  oblong-pyriform,  10-14  mm.  thick,  about  1.5 
em.  long,  yellow  or  orange  at  maturity,  blotched  or  cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh 
soft:  nutlets  mostly  3,  8-10  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  6-7  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  soil,  near  Travers.      (Endemic.) 

33.  C.  recurva  Beadle.  A  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  3-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray 
or  brownish,  rough  or  rimose  bark  and  pendulous  branches.  Leaf-blades 
euneate  or  spatulate  or  on  leading  shoots  obovate-euneiform,  1.5-3  em.  long, 
5-15  mm.  wide,  or  broader  on  the  shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity, 
wedge-shaped  or  more  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  pointed  or  rounded  at 
the  apex,  the  margins  glandular,  dentate  or  lobed;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long, 
margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-3-flowered  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels 


MALACEAE.  41 

and  hypanthium  tomentose:    sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:    corolla 
12-15  mm.  wide:   stamens  about  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:   fruit  pyriform 
or  short-pyriform,  7-9  mm.  thick,  red  at  maturity,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5, 
6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 
In  sandy  soil,  near  Ocala.      (Endemic.) 

34.  C.  rimosa  Beadle.  A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  2-4  m.  tall,  with  rimose 
bark  and  slender  drooping  branches.  Leaf-blades  cuneate,  spatulate  or  oblong- 
cuneiform,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading  shoots, 
glabrate  or  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface,  especially  along  the  midrib  and  in 
the  axils  of  the  principal  veins,  usually  abruptly  contracted,  but  occasionally 
wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  either  rounded,  abruptly  pointed  or  lobed  at  the 
apex,  the  borders  glandular,  dentate  above  the  middle;  petioles  5  mm.-2  cm. 
long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary: 
pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate: 
corolla  12-15  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:  fruit  short- 
pyriform,  9-12  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  yellow  or  orange-yellow  flushed  or 
cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5 
mm.  long,  1.5-2  mm.  wide  on  each  side  of  the  ventral  angle. 

In   sandy   soil,   near   Citra.      (Endemic.) 

35.  C.  inopina  Beadle.  A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  3-5  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  or  rimose  bark  and  recurved  branches.  Leaf-blades  obovate-cuneiform, 
sometimes  suborbicular,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  1-2  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  leading 
shoots,  glabrate  at  maturity  or  with  some  pubescence  on  the  lower  surface  and 
in  the  axils  of  the  large  veins,  usually  abruptly  contracted,  but  occasionally 
wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  either  rounded,  pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  the 
borders  entire  or  denticulate ;  petioles  5  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular, 
mostly  scurfy-tomentose :  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary: 
pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4.5  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate: 
corolla  12-15  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow  or  almost  white: 
fruit  pyriform,  8-11  mm.  thick,  12-14  mm.  long,  at  maturity  yellow  or  orange- 
yellow,  sometimes  cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  6-7  mm.  long, 
the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

In   sandy  soil,   near   Ocala.      (Endemic.) 

36.  C.  villaris  Beadle.  A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  3-5  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  or  rimose  bark  and  drooping  branches.  Leaf-blades  cuneate  or  oblong- 
cuneiform,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  5  mm.-2  cm.  wide  or  broader  on  leading  shoots, 
glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity,  usually  abruptly  contracted,  but  occasionally 
wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  rounded  or  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  the 
borders  glandular,  entire  or  nearly  so ;  petioles  5  mm.-2  em.  long,  margined, 
glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and 
hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  12-16 
mm.  wide:  fruit  pyriform,  8-11  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  yellow  or  orange- 
yellow,  cheeked  or  flushed  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  mostly  3-4,  6-7  mm. 
long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

In   sandy  soil,  near  Citra.      (Endemic.) 

37.  C.  curva  Beadle.  A  shrub,  or  a  very  small  tree  2-4  m.  tall,  usually  with 
several  trunks  clothed  with  dark  rough  bark,  and  crooked,  drooping,  very  spiny 
branches.  Leaf-blades  oliovate  or  obovate-cuneiform,  1-2  cm.  long,  5  mm.- 
2  cm.  wide,  glabrate  at  maturity  or  with  some  conspicuous  pubescence  along 
the  midrib  in  the  axils  of  the  prominent  veins  beneath,  roundeil  or  al>ruptly 
pointed  at  the  apex,  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  subentire  or 
denticulate  and  shallowly  lobed;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular: 
corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium 
tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:  corolla  12-15  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:  fruit  pyriform,  (j-9  mm.  thick,  at  maturity 
orange-red  or  orange  with  red  cheeks,  the  flesh  very  thin:  nutlets  usually  3-4, 


42  MALACEAE. 

6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long,  2-2.5  mm.  wide  near  the  top  of 
each  lateral  surface. 

In  sandy  soil,  northeastern  Florida.      (Endemic.) 

38.  C.  adusta  Beadle.  A  large  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  dark 
gray  or  brownish  rough  bark  and  drooping  branches.  Leaf -blades  cuneiform, 
1.5-3  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide  or  larger  and  obovate-cuneiform  on  the  lead- 
ing shoots,  glabrate  at  maturity,  rounded  or  with  a  short,  abrupt  point  at  the 
apex,  the  borders  glandular,  sub-entire,  or  dentate  near  the  apex;  petioles 
5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered  or  flowers 
solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-5  mm.  long,  glandular- 
serrate:  corolla  14-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  almost  white:  fruit 
short-pyriform,  9-11  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  orange-red,  usually  spotted  and 
streaked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  8  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
5-6  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  woods,  near  Gainesville.      (.Endemic.) 

39.  C.  illudens  Beadle.  A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  with  dark  gray  or 
brownish  rough  bark  and  drooping  branches.  Leaf-blades  cuneiform,  1.5-3.5 
cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide,  or  broader  on  vigorous  shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate 
at  maturity,  rounded,  pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  the  borders  entire  or  den- 
ticulate, glandular,  sometimes  lobed  above  the  middle,  especially  on  leading 
shoots;  petioles  7  mni.-3  cm.  long,  winged,  glandular:  corymbs  2-4-flowered, 
or  flowers  occasionally  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals 
3.5-5  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  14-18  mm.  wide:  fruit  pyriform, 
8-11  mm.  thick,  yellow  at  maturity,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  mostly  3,  about  7 
mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  soil,  near  Citra.      (Endemic.) 

40.  C,  incana  Beadle.  A  large  shrub  2-4  m.  tall,  with  dark  gray  or  brownish, 
rough  or  scaly  bark  and  crooked  recurved  branches.  Leaf-blades  cuneate  or 
obovate-cuneate,  1-2.5  em.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide,  pubescent,  abruptly 
pointed  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  or  more  abruptly  contracted  at 
the  base,  the  margins  glandular,  sub-entire  or  shallowly  lobed;  petioles  5-15 
mm.  long,  margined,  densely  white-tomentose  when  young,  glandular:  corymbs 
simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  densely 
white-tomentose:  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular:  corolla  about  15  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  nearly  white:  fruit  pyriform,  8-9  mm.  thick,  at  ma- 
turity orange-yellow,  flushed  or  cheeked  with  red:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm. 
long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

In  woods  and  on  banks,  middle  Florida.     Also  occurs  in  adjacent  Georgia. 

41.  C.  versuta  Beadle.  A  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  rough 
bark  and  drooping  branches.  Leaf-blades  cuneiform,  1-3  cm.  long,  5  mm.-2 
cm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading  shoots,  pubescent  or  tomentose  at  maturity,  at 
least  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  midrib  and  in  the  axils  of  the  principal 
veins,  rounded,  pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  the  borders  glandular,  dentate  or 
lobed  above  the  middle;  petioles  5  mm.-3  cm.  long,  winged,  glandular,  pubes- 
cent: corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypan- 
thium tomentose:  sepals  2-3  mm.  long,  glandular:  corolla  10-12  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:  fruit  short-pyriform,  6-9  mm.  thick,  at 
maturity  orange  or  greenish  yellow  with  ruddy  cheeks:  nutlets  3-5,  about  6 
mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  3-4  mm.  long. 

In  sandy  oak  woods,   Apalachicola  river  basin.      (Endemic.) 

42.  C.  crocea  Beadle.  A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  bark  and  slender  drooping  branches.  Leaf -blades  cuneiform,  1-2.5  cm. 
long,  5-15  mm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading  shoots,  at  maturity  smooth  above, 
more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  especially  along  the  midrib,  either  pointed  or 
rounded  at  the  apex,  the  borders  glandular,  denticulate  above  the  middle; 
petioles  7  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular,  pubescent  or  glabrate :  corymbs 


MALACEAE.  43 

simple,  2-4-flo\vere(l,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthiuni  tomentose: 
sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  15  mm.  wide:  stamens  15-20, 
the  anthers  nearly  white:  fruit  pyriform,  9-12  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  yellow 
or  orange-yellow,  rarely  cheeked  with  russet-red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5, 
about  6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 
In  sandy  soil,  near  Cltra.      (Endemic.) 

43.  C.  audens  Beadle.  A  large  shrub,  or  a  small  tree,  with  dark  gray  or 
brownish  rough  or  scaly  bark.  Leaf-blades  obovate  or  obovate-euneiform,  1.5- 
3.5  cm.  long,  1-3.5  em.  wide,  at  maturity  glabrate  and  shining  on  the  upper 
surface,  pubescent  beneath  especially  along  the  midrib  and  i^rincipal  veins, 
abruptly  pointed,  rounded  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  contracted  or  narrowed  at  the 
base,  the  margins  dentate  and  shallowly  lobed ;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long, 
margined,  glandular,  pubescent:  corymbs  simple,  2-5-flowered,  or  flowers  occa- 
sionally solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthiuni  pubescent:  sepals  4-5  mm.  long, 
glandular-serrate:  corolla  15-16  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  almost 
white:  fruit  pyriform,  9-12  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  orange-yellow,  flushed  or 
ckeeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  mostly  3,  7-8  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
4-5  mm.  long. 

On   dry   hills,   near   Chattahoochee.      (Endemic.) 

44.  C.  lepida  Beadle.  A  small  very  spiny  shrub,  seldom  more  than  1-1.5  m.  tall, 
with  drooping  branches.  Leaf-blades  obovate,  round-ovate,  suborbicular  or  spatu- 
late,  5  mni.-2  cm.  long,  4  mm.-2  cm.  wide,  at  maturity  glabrous  and  lustrous  above, 
more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  especially  along  the  principal  veins  and  in  their 
axils,  rounded,  truncate  or  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  abruptly  contracted  at 
the  base,  or  sometimes  cuneate,  the  margins  denticulate  or  erenate-dentate, 
glandular;  petioles  2  mm.-l  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  2-3- 
flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthiuni  tomentose:  sepals  2-3 
mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  stamens  20;  fruit  subglobose,  7-11  mm.  in 
diameter,  at  maturity  orange  or  orange-red:  nutlets  3-5,  6-7  mm.  long,  3-4 
mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

In    sandy    soil    and    open    woods,    eastern    Florida.       AJso    occurs    in    adjacent 
Georgia.  '„ 

45.  C.  lacrimata  Small.  A  small  tree,  sometimes  4-5  m.  tall,  or  more  fre- 
quently a  large  shrub  with  several  stems  clothed  with  ashy  gray  often  scaly 
bark,  the  branches  drooping.  Leaf-blades  cuneate-spatulate,  1-2.5  cm.  long, 
7—15  mm.  wide,  or  broader  on  vigorous  leading  shoots,  glabrous  in  age, 
rounded,  truncate  or  pointed  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  the  borders 
dentate  above  the  middle,  glandular:  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  pubescent, 
glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and 
hypanthium  glabrous:  sepals  2.5-3  mm.  long,  entire  or  nearly  so,  glabrous: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:  fruit  globose,  or  subglobose,  at  maturity 
yellow  or  orange,  mostly  with  ruddy  cheeks,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  5-6 
mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  about  two-thirds  of  the  ventral  angle. 

In  sandy  woods  and  on  borders  of  streams,  western  Florida.      (Endemic.) 

46.  0.  condigna  Beadle.  A  large  shrub,  with  one  or  more  stems,  or  sometimes 
a  small  tree  5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray  or  brownish  scaly  bark.  Leaf-blades 
cuneate,  obovate-cuneate  or  on  vigorous  shoots  broadly  obovate.  1-3  cm.  long, 
7  mm.-2.5  cm.  broad,  glabrate  in  age,  rounded  or  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex, 
wedge-shaped  or  more  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  borders  creuate  or 
erenate-dentate;  petioles  3  mm.-l  cm.  long:  corymbs  simple,  mostly  2-3- 
flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3.5-5 
mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:  corolla  about  16  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the 
anthers  almost  white:  fruit  pyriform  or  nearly  so,  7-0  mm.  wide,  8-11  mm. 
long,  at  maturity  yellow-green  or  orange,  flushed  with  red:  nutlets  3-5,  5-6 
mm.  long,  about  4  mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  about  4  mm.  long. 

In    sandy   soil,    middle    Florida.     Also    occurs    in   adjacent   Georgia. 


44  AMYGDALACEAE. 

47.  C.  Earlei  Ashe.  A  shrub  1-3  m.  tall.  Leaf-blades  cuneate  or  obovate, 
or  oblong-euneiform,  1-2.3  cm.  long,  5-15  mm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading 
shoots,  pubescent  on  the  loAver  surface  at  maturity,  especially  along  the  midrib 
and  veins,  either  rounded  or  pointed  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base, 
the  borders  serrate,  at  least  above  the  middle;  petioles  1-10  mm.  long,  pubes- 
cent: corymbs  2-3-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium 
tomentose:  sepals  narrow,  5-7  mm.  long,  serrate  or  entire:  corolla  about  15 
mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  nearly  white:  fruit  pyriform,  7-9  mm. 
wide,  8-11  mm.  long:  nutlets  3-5,  5-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  about 
three-fourths  of  the  ventral  angle. 

On  dry  hills  and  in  sandy  soil,  northern  Florida.  Also  occurs  in  adjacent 
Alabama. 

48.  C.  pyracanthoides  Beadle.  A  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy 
gray  or  brownish  smooth  or  scaly  bark.  Leaf-blades  obovate,  oblanceolate  or 
elliptic,  1.5-5  cm.  long,  7  mm.-3  cm.  wide,  glabrous,  acute  or  rounded  at  the 
apex,  cuneate  at  the  base,  the  margins  serrate  above  the  middle;  petioles  2-10 
mm.  long,  margined:  corymbs  compound,  glabrous,  many-flowered:  pedicels 
and  hypanthium  glabrous:  sepals  2.5-4  cm.  long,  entire  or  remotely  serrate: 
stamens  7-12,  the  anthers  purplish:  fruit  globose  or  nearly  so,  5-8  mm.  in 
diameter,  bright  red  at  maturity :  nutlets  mostly  2,  5-6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
about  half  the  length  of  the  nutlet. 

On  banks  of  the  Chipola  river.      {Endemic.) 

Family  5.    AMYGDALACEAE.     Plum  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  commonly  with  prussie  acid  in  the  tissues.  Loaves 
alternate,  with  free,  often  early  deciduous  stipules:  blades  simple,  mostly 
toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  in  corymbs,  cymes,  racemes,  or  panicles,  some- 
times clustered.  Calyx  of  5  sepals,  borne  on  the  edge  of  the  hypanthium, 
deciduous.  Corolla  of  5  petals.  Androecium  of  many  stamens.  Gynoe- 
cium  of  a  single  carpel,  or  rarely  of  2  or  3  carpels.  Ovary  1-celled :  style 
entire.     Fruit  a  drupe. 

Style  basal  :  ovules  erect.  '  1.   riiEYSOBALANUS. 

Stjie  terminal  :  ovules  pendulous. 

Drupe  with  a  pulpy  exocarp  :  leaves  deciduous  :  flowers  in 
clusters  or  terminal  racemes. 
Calyx    sessile    or    nearly    so :    stone    coarsely    wrinkled 

and  pitted.  2.   Amygdalus. 

Calyx    manifestly    pedicelled :    stone    neither    wrinkled 
nor  grooved. 
Flowers  in  corymbs  from  scaly  buds  of  the  branches 

of  the   preceding  year,   before   the   leaves.  3.   TEUNrs. 

Flowers    in    racemes    terminating    branches    of    the 

year,  after  the  leaves.  4.   Padus. 

Drupe  with   a   dry   exocarp  :    leaves  persistent :   flowers   in 

axillary  racemes.  5-.  Laurocerasus. 

1.  CHRYSOBALANUS^L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  of  an  orbicu- 
lar or  obovate  type.  Cymes  axillary.  Petals  clawed.  Filaments  distinct  or 
nearly  so.     Stone  of  the  fruit  pointed  at  the  base,  ridged.  —  All  year. 

Drupe  globular  or  spheroidal  :  petals  cuneate.  1.  C.  Icaco. 

Drupe    obovoid   or   oblong-obovoid  :    petals   spatulate.  2.   C.  peUocarpus. 

1.  C.  Icaco  L.  Tree  sometimes  10  ni.  tall  or  shrub,  and  when  growing  on  the 
beach,  with  radially  creeping  branches:  leaf-blades  broadly  obovate  to  orbicu- 
lar-obovate,  mostly  4-8.5  cm.  long,  typically  retuse:  sepals  about  2.5  mm. 
long:  drupes  globose  or  spheroidal,  3-4  cm.  long,  yellow,  red,  or  purple:  stone 
broadly  obovoid,  blunt-ridged. 

The  CocoA-PLUM  grows  on  sandy  shores  and  sand-dunes  and  in  coastal  ham- 
mocks in  the  southern  half  of  peninsular  Florida  and  the  Keys.  The  brown  or  red- 
tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      (TT.  7.) 


AMYGDALACEAE.  45 

2.  C.  pellocarpus  Mey.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oval,  obovate,  or 
orbicular,  mostly  2-6  cm.  long,  typically  rounded  or  abruptly  pointed:  sepals 
about  2  mm.  long:  drupes  obovoid  or  oblong-obovoid,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  purple: 
stone  oblong  or  oblong-obovid,  sharj^-ridged. 

The  Small-fruited  cocoa-plum  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys 
and  on  hammock  islands  in  the  Everglades.  The  wood  is  nearly  or  quite  similar 
to  that  of  the  preceding  species.      (W.  I.) 

2.  AMYGDALUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  very  strongly 
impregnated  viith  prussic  acid.  Flowers  short-pedicelled  or  sessile.  Corolla 
mostly  pink.     Drujje  velvety-j)ubescent,  the  stone  wrinkled  and  pitted. 

1.  A.  Persica  L.  Tree:  leaf -blades  narrowly  elliptic  to  lanceolate,  or  rarely 
oblong-obovate,  shining,  sharply  serrate:  petals  pink,  8-20  mm.  long:  drupes 
subglobose  or  oblong,  4-10  cm.  long,  grooved  on  one  side,  velvety.  —  Spr. 

The  rEACii,  a  native  of  western  Asia,  grows  in  old  fields,  thickets  and  woods 
in  northern  Florida.  The  light-brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  rather  light, 
and  soft.      (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

3.  PBUNUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  sometimes  slightly 
impregnated  with  prussic  acid.  Flowers  in  corymbose  or  umbel-like  clusters, 
relatively  long-pedicelled.  Corolla  mostly  white.  Drupes  usually  glabrous 
and  glaucous,  the  stone  smooth  or  nearly  so.  —  Spr.  —  Plum. 

Drupe  purple  or  nearly  black  beneath  the  bloom.  15  mm.  in  diameter,  or  less. 

1.  P.  umbellata. 
Drupe  red  or  orange,  without  a  bloom  or  nearly  so,  over  15  mm. 
in  diameter. 
Petals  about  0.5  cm.  long :  sepals  glandular-ciliate.  2.  P.  angustifoJia. 

Petals  about  1  cm.  long:  sepals  not  glandular-ciliate.  3.  P.  ainericana. 

1.  P.  umbellata  Ell.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  thinnish,  oblong,  ellip- 
tic, or  nearly  oval,  sometimes  broadest  above  or  below  the  middle,  short- 
acuminate,  or  merely  acute,  serrate,  rounded  or  acute  at  the  base,  glabrous: 
flowers  mostly  exj^anding  before  the  leaves,  in  lateral  clusters:  sepals  pubes- 
cent within:  petals  4-7  mm.  long:  drupes  globose  or  nearly  so,  12-15  mm.  in 
diameter,  nearly  black  beneath  the  bloom,  with  an  acid  flesh;  stone  plump, 
acute  at  both  ends. 

The  Black-sloe  grows  in  dry  woods  and  hammocks  in  northern  Florida  and  in 
the  peninsula  as  far  south  as  the  Everglade  region.  The  reddish-brown  heart- 
wood  is  close-grained,   heavy,  and   hard.      (Cont.) 

2.  P.  angustifolia  Marsh.  Sparingly  spiny  small  tree  or  shrub,  often  forming 
thickets:  leaf-blades  rather  thin,  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  3-10  cm.  long, 
acute  or  slightly  acuminate  at  the  apex,  serrulate,  acute  or  rounded  at  the 
base,  short-petioled:  flowers  in  lateral  clusters,  appearing  before  the  leaves: 
sepals  ovate:  petals  with  mainly  orbicular  or  reniform  blades:  drupes  oval- 
globose,  22-26  mm.  long,  red  or  yellowish,  with  a  slight  bloom;  stone  ovoid, 
hardly  flattened,  acute,  one  of  the  rounded  edges  slightly  grooved. 

The  Ciiickasaw-plum  grows  in  old  fields  and  thickets  in  northern  Florida,  and 
the  northern  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained  and 
heavy,  but  soft  and  weak.      (Cont.) 

3.  P.  americana  Marsh.  Small  somewhat  spiny  tree:  leaf-blades  elliptic  to 
oval  or  oval-obovate,  4-10  cm.  long,  acuminate,  sharply  singly  or  doubly  ser- 
rate, pubescent  beneath,  especially  near  the  veins,  acute  or  rounded  at  the 
slightly  inequilateral  base;  petioles  usually  glandless:  flowers  2-5  in  lateral 
clusters  appearing  before  the  leaves:  sepals  entire:  petals  7-10  mm.  long: 
drupes  subglobose  or  barely  elongate,  18-25  mm.  long,  sometimes  with  a  slight 
bloom;  stone  ovoid  or  oval,  flattened,  not  crested  along  the  ventral  suture. 

The  Wild-plum  grows  in  open  woods  and  thickets  in  middle  and  western 
Florida.  The  deep-brown  or  red-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard, 
and  strong.      (Cont.) 


46  MIMOSACEAE. 

4.  PADUS  Borckl.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  deciduous,  manifestly  im- 
pregnated with  prussic  acid.  Flower  in  terminal  racemes.  Hypanthium  green. 
Sepals  relatively  large.  Petals  not  angulate.  Drupe  with  a  juicy  exocarp.  — 
Wild-cherry. 

1.  P.  virginiana  (L.)  Mill.  Tree  with  spreading  branches,  becoming  35 
m.  tall,  the  bark  aromatic  and  bitter:  leaf -blades  firm,  oblong  or  elliptic,  vary- 
ing to  obovate  or  lanceolate,  5-15  cm.  long,  acimiinate  or  acute  at  both  ends,  or 
rounded  at  the  base,  finely  serrate  with  callous  teeth,  glabrous  or  nearly  so: 
sepals  ovate,  longer  than  broad:  corolla  8-10  mm.  broad:  drupes  globose,  8-10 
mm.  in  diameter,  dark  purple  or  nearly  black,  sweet  but  slightly  astringent. 
[P.  serotina  (Ehrh.)  Agardh.] — Spr. 

The  Wild  black-chehey  grows  In  woods  and  river  swamps  in  nortliern  Florida 
and  the  peninsula  to  near  the  Everglade  region.  The  light-brown  or  red  heart- 
wood  is  close-grained,  light,  rather  hard,  and  strong.  Also  known  as  Rum-cherry. 
{Co  lit.) 

5.  LAUROCEEASUS  Eeichenb.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  persistent, 
copiously  impregnated  with  prussie  acid.  Flowers  in  axillary  racemes.  Hypan- 
thium white.  Sepals  minute.  Petals  more  or  less  angulate.  Drupe  with  a 
dry  exocarp. 

Petals  larger  than  the  sepals  :   drupe  subglobose.  1.  L.  myrtifolia. 

Petals  smaller  than  the  sepals  :  drupe   oblong  or  oval.  2.  L.  caroUniana. 

1.  L.  myrtifolia  (L.)  Britton.  Tree  becoming  16  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  elliptic: 
racemes  loosely  flowered,  the  pedicels  slender:  petals  slightly  angled:  drupes 
S-12  mm.  in  diameter:  stone  sphaeroidal.  [L.  sphaerocarpa  (Sw.)  Eoem.] 
—  Fall. 

The  West-ixdiax  cheeky  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everg4ade  Keys  and  the 
Florida  Keys.    The  usually  red  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.I.) 

2.  L.  caroliniana  (Mill.)  Roem.  Tree  becoming  12  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  nar- 
rowly elliptic  to  oblong-oblanceolate :  racemes  densely  flowered,  the  pedicels 
stout :  petals  salieutly  angled :  drupes  10-13  mm.  long :  stone  ovoid.  — 
Winter  &  spr. 

The  MocK-OEAXGE  grows  in  woods,  usually  on  river  banks  nearly  throughout 
Florida.  The  red-brown  or  dark-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard, 
and   strong.      {Cont.,  Bcr.) 

Family  6.    MIMOSACEAE.     Mimosa    Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  compound,  usually 
2-3-pinnate :  stipules  sometimes  spine-like.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  borne 
in  capitate  or  elongate  usually  dense  spikes  or  racemes.  Calyx  of  3-6 
partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-6  equal,  distinct  or  partially  united, 
petals.  Androeeium  of  3-6  or  many  stamens  which  are  usually  conspicu- 
ously exserted.     Gynoecium  1-carpellary.     Fruit  a  legume. 

Stamens  numerous,  more  than  10  :   petals  united. 

Filaments  partially  united  into  a  tube  :  corolla  and  calyx, 
unlike. 
Pod  valves  not  separating  from  the  margin. 

Pods  contorted  and  spiral  :  seeds  arillate  :  leaves  few- 

foliolate.  1.  Pithecolobium. 

Pods    straight :    seeds    not    arillate :    leaves    many- 

foliolate.  2.  Albizzia. 

Pod-valves  separating  from  the  continuous  margins.       3.   Lysiloma. 
Filaments  distinct :  corolla  like  the  calyx,  but  longer.  4.  Vachellia. 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  :  petals  distinct.  5.  Leucaena. 

1.  PITHECOLOBRIUM  Mart.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  2-pinnate:  leaf- 
lets few,  often  4.  Spikes  capitate.  Calyx-lobes  minute.  Corolla  prominently 
lobed.  Pods  narrow,  often  pulpy  within.  Seeds  with  colored  arils. — All 
vear. 


MIMOSACEAE.  47 

Ovary  glabrous,  shorter  than  the  stipe  :  petioles  longer  than  the  petiolules. 

1.   1'.  L'nguiH-cail. 
Ovary  pubescent,  longer  than  the  stipe :  petioles  shorter  than 

the  petiolules.  2.  P.  (juadclupcnse. 

1.  P.  Unguis-Cati  (L.)  Benth.  Small  tree  or  unarmed  shrub:  blades  of  the 
leaflets  thinnish,  broadly  obovate,  oval,  or  suborbicular,  1-4.5  cm.  long:  calyx 
1.5-2  mm.  long;  lobes  wider  than  long,  blunt:  corolla  3.5-4.5  mm.  long:  pods 
long-stipitate. 

The  Cat's-claw  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys,  the  lower  portion 
of  the  western  coast  of  the  peninsula  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  red  or  purplish 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,   heavy,   and  very   hard.      (W.  I.) 

2.  P.  guadelupense  Chapm.  Armed  small  tree  or  low  shrub:  blades  of 
the  leaflets  leathery,  oblong  to  cuneate,  oval,  or  suborbicular,  3-7  cm.  long: 
calyx  2.5-3  mm.  long;  lobes  longer  than  wide,  acute:  corolla  5-6  mm.  long: 
pods  short-stipitate. 

The  Black-bead  grows  in  pinelands  and  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and 
the  Florida  Keys.  The  dark-brown  or  purple  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy, 
and  bard.      {W.  I.) 

2.  ALBIZZIA  Durazz.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  2-pinnate:  leaflets 
numerous.  Spikes  capitate.  Calyx-lobes  relatively  short  and  small.  Corolla 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx.     Pod  linear,  flat.  —  Spr. 

Blades  of  the  leaflets  acute,  the  midrib  nearly  marginal  :  pod-valves  veiny  all  over. 

1.  A.  Julibrissin. 
Blades  of  the  leaflets  rounded  at  the  apex,  the  midrib  not  lateral : 

pod-valves  veiny  only  over  the  seeds.  2.  A.  Lebbek. 

1.  A.  Julibrissin  (Willd.)  Durazz.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaves 
with  16-24  pinnae;  leaflets  50-70,  the  blades  falcate-lanceolate,  7-16  mm. 
long,  obliquely  acute:  calyx  about  2  mm.  long:  corolla  6-8  mm.  long;  larger 
lobes  ovate:  pods  broadly  linear,  10-15  cm.  long:  seeds  oblong,  3.5-4.5  mm. 
wide. 

The  .Tl'librissin,  a  native  of  Asia,  grows  in  woods  and  fields  nearly  through- 
out Florida.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  rather  heavy,  and  hard. 
(Cont.,  ^y.  I.) 

2.  A.  Lebbek  (Willd.)  Benth.  Tall  tree:  leaves  with  4-8  pinnae;  leaflets 
10-22,  the  blades  oblong  to  oblong-obovate,  2-5.5  cm.  long,  acute:  calyx  about 
4  mm.  long:  corolla  9-11  mm.  long;  larger  lobes  lanceolate:  pods  linear,  15-40 
cm.  long:  seeds  oval,  6-7  mm.  wide. 

The  Woman's-tongde  tree,  a  native  of  Africa,  grows  in  hammocks  and  about 
gardens  on  the  lower  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained  and 
rather  heavy.      (IV.  7.) 

3.  LYSILOMA  Benth.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  2-pinnate:  leaflets 
numerous  (or  few).  Spikes  capitate  (or  cylindric).  Calyx-lobes  relatively 
long.    Corolla  slightly  longer  than  the  calyx.     Pod  oblong  to  linear. 

1.  L.  bahamensis  Benth.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall,  with  spreading  branches: 
leaves  with  4-8  pinnae;  leaflets  20-40,  the  blades  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate, 
8-11  mm.  long:  calyx  about  2  mm.  long:  corolla  2.5-3  mm.  long;  lobes  ovate: 
pods  oblong,  8-15  cm.  long,  long-stipitate.  —  Spr. 

The  Wild-tamarind  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys.  The  dark-brown  and  often  red-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy, 
hard,  and  tough.      {Bah.,  Cuba.) 

4.  VACHELLIA  Wight  &  Am.  Shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  2-pin- 
nate: leaflets  numerous,  small.  Spikes  globose.  Calyx-lobes  minute  and 
relatively  short.  Corolla  about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  the  lobes  short. 
Filaments  distinct.     Pod  very  turgid. 


48  CASSIACEAE. 

1.  V.  Farnesiana  (L.)  Wight  &  Am.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -pinnae  8-16; 
leaflets  20-25,  the  blades  linear-obloug,  2-4  mm.  long:  calyx  about  1.5  mm. 
long:  corolla  2-2.5  mm.  long:  pods  3-7.5  em.  long.  —  All  j^ear. 

The  Yellow-opopanax  grows  in  woods  and  thickets  in  upper  peninsular  Florida, 
where  it  is  apparently  naturalized  and  in  hammocks  and  pinelands  on  the  Ever- 
glade Keys  where  it  is  mostly  native,  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  reddish-brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (IT.  I.) 

5.  LEUCAENA  Benth.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  2-piunate: 
leaflets  often  small  and  numerous.  Spikes  capitate.  Calyx-lobes  minute. 
Petals  distinct  or  rarely  slightly  coherent.  Filaments  distinct  or  nearly  so. 
Pod  linear,  flat. 

1.  L.  glauca  (L.)  Benth.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall:  leaflets  6-12  mm.  long; 
blades  narrowly  oblong  to  lanceolate,  over  1.5  mm.  broad:  calyx  2-2.5  mm. 
long  or  rarely  shorter :  petals  4-4.5  mm.  long :  pods  15-25  cm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Lead-tree  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  on  the  Florida 
Keys.  The  brown  and  red-streaked  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard. 
(W.  I.) 

Family  7.     CASSIACEAE.     Senna  Family. 

Trees,  shrubs,  or  herbs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  compound,  1-2- 
pinnate,  rarely  1-foliolate.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  monoecious,  or 
dioecious,  more  or  less  irreg-ular.  Calyx  of  3-5,  usually  slightly  united, 
sepals,  sometimes  borne  on  the  edge  of  a  well  developed  hypanthium. 
Corolla  of  3-5  unequal  distinct  petals.  Androecium  of  6-10  distinct  or 
nearly  distinct  stamens.     Gynoecium  1-carpellary.     Fruit  a  legume. 

Corolla  apparently  papilionaceous  :   leaves  with  1-foliolate  blades     1.  Cercis. 
Corolla  Irregular,  but  not  papilionaceous. 

Leaves  with  2-pinnate  blades  :  stamens  6-10. 

Flowers  dioecious  or  polygamous  :  petals  nearly  equal.  2.  Gleditsia. 

Flowers  perfect :   petals  very  unequal. 

Leaf  with   a  very  short   petiole  which   ends  in  a  spine, 

each  division  with  a  long,  flat  phyllode-like  rachis.  3.  Paekinsoxia. 

Leaf  with  a  relatively  long  petiole,  the  rachises  of  the 
divisions   not    phyllode-like. 
Calyx-lobes  valvate.  4.  Delonix. 

Calyx-lobes  imbricate.  .    5.   Poinciaxa. 

Leaves  with  1-pinnate  blades  :  stamens  3.  6.  Tamaeixdus. 

1.  CERCIS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  1-foliolate:  leaflet  broad.  Calyx 
shallowly  lobed:  tube  gibbous.  Corolla  pink-purple:  keel-petals  of  the  ap- 
parently papilionaceous  corolla  longer  than  the  others.  Anthers  short,  opening 
lengthwise.     Pod  very  flat. 

1.  C.  canadensis  L.  Tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  broadly  ovate  to  reniform: 
pedicels  mostly  less  than  1.5  cm.  long:  sinuses  of  the  calyx  nearly  as  broad  aa 
the  lobes:  larger  petals  12-13  mm.  long;  blades  ovate:  pods  linear-oblong, 
6-9  cm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Redbud  grows  in  rich  woods  in  northern  Florida  and  the  upper  half  of 
the  peninsula.  The  reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  rather  coarse-grained  and  heavy, 
but  hard  and  weak.     Also  known  as  Judas-tree.      (Cont.) 

2.  GLEDITSIA  L.  Trees  with  simple  or  branched  thorns.  Leaves  rela- 
tively small,  2-pinnate:  stipules  present.  Calyx-lobes  obtuse,  about  as  long 
as  the  petals.    Pod  flat.     Spr. 

Ovary  glabrous  :  style  manifest :  pods  oval  or  elliptic,  1-seeded  or  rarely  2-seeded. 

1.   G.  aquatica. 
Ovary  pubescent :  style  obscure  :   pods  linear,  many-seeded.  2.  O.  triacanthos. 


CASSIACEAE.  49 

1.  Gr.  aquatica  Marsh.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall:  leaflets  2-4.5  cm.  long: 
blades  oblong  to  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate:  sepals  lanceolate  to  oblong- 
lanceolate:  pods  oblique,  3-5  cm.  long,  not  pulpy  within. 

The  Water-locust  grows  in  river  swamps  in  northern  Florida  and  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  rather  coarse- 
grained, heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      (Cont.) 

2.  G.  triacanthos  L.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall:  leaflets  1-2.5  cm.  long;  blades 
ovate-lanceolate  varying  to  elliptic:  sepals  narrowly  oblong  to  lanceolate:  pods 
black  and  lustrous,  pulpy  within. 

The  HoNET-LocusT  grows  in  rich  woods  in  northern  Florida.  The  light  reddish- 
brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  durable.  Probably  intro- 
duced.     (Cont.) 

3.  PARKINSONIA  [Plum.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  simple  or  branch- 
ing thorns.  Leaflets  numerous,  borne  on  the  phyllode-like  rachises.  Blades  of 
the  short-clawed  petals  mainly  of  an  ovate  type.  Pod  markedly  tortulose,  the 
swollen  portions  nearly  terete. 

1.  P.  aculeata  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub :  leaves  2-4  dm.  long,  the  rachis  winged ; 
leaflets  numerous,  distant,  the  blades  linear  to  linear-oblanceolate,  1-10  mm. 
long:  sepals  oblong,  8-10  mm.  long:  petals  10-17  mm.  long;  blades  except  that 
of  the  standard,  oval  or  ovate:  pods  5-10  cm.  long,  acuminate.  —  All  year. 

The  HORSEBEAN,  a  native  of  tropical  America,  is  naturalized  in  peninsular 
Florida  and  the  Keys.  The  light  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  rather  light, 
but  hard.      (Cont.,  M'.  I.) 

4.  DELONIX  Eaf.  Unarmed  trees  with  smooth  bark.  Leaflets  relatively 
small  and  numerous:  blades  narrow.  Sepals  much  shorter  than  the  petals. 
Blades  of  the  petals  mainly  flabellate,  all  long-clawed.  Pod  elongate-linear, 
flat,  the  valves  woody. 

1.  D.  regia  (Boj.)  Eaf.  Tree  or  shrub  with  a  wide  top:  larger  leaves  with 
20-50  pinnae;  leaflets  numerous,  the  blades  linear-oblong,  4-10  mm.  long: 
sepals  22-26  mm.  long:  petals  5-7  cm.  long,  red  or  orange;  blades  broader 
than  long,  crisped :  pods  linear,  commonly  3-5  dm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  ROYAL-poiNCiANA  grows  in  hammocks  and  pinelands  in  southern  peninsular 
Florida  and  the  Keys.  It  is  native  of  Madagascar.  The  whitish  or  yellowish  wood 
is  close-grained  and  heavy,  but  soft  and  weak.     Also  known  as  Flame-tree.    (^V.I.) 

5.  POINCIANA  [Tourn.]  L.  Erect  mostly  unarmed  shrubs  or  trees. 
Leaflets  usually  few  and  relatively  large:  blades  rather  broad.  Sepals  much 
shorter  than  the  petals.  Blades  of  the  short-clawed  petals  not  flabellate. 
Pod  flat,  narrow,  the  valves  leathery.     Seeds  flattened. 

1.  P.  pulcherrima  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaflets  numerous;  blades  oblong 
to  cuneate,  15-25  mm.  long:  sepals  1.5-16  mm.  long:  corolla  mainly  red; 
standard  25-27  mm.  long:  filaments  40-45  mm.  long:  pods  9-13  cm.  long. — 
All  year. 

The  Barbados-flower,  a  native  of  the  West  Indies,  grows  in  hammocks  and 
pinelands  in  southern  peninsular  Florida  and  the  Keys.  The  wood  has  not  yet  been 
studied.      (W.  I.) 

6.  TAMAEINDUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Unarmed  trees.  Leaves  relatively  small: 
leaflets  numerous:  blades  rather  narrow.  Sepals  4.  Petals  5,  but  2  of  them 
rudimentary.  Stamens  3,  the  filaments  united  to  about  the  middle,  alternating 
with  3  minute  staminodia.  Ovary  elongate.  Pod  indehiscent,  succulent  within. 
1.  T.  indica  L.  Tree  with  spreading  branches:  leaflets  18-36,  1-2  cm.  long, 
the  blades  oblong  to  linear-oblong,  reticulate:   sepals  10-12  mm.  long:   petals 

Trees  of  Florida  4. 


50  FABACEAE. 

yellowisli  or  reddish,  13-16  mm.  long,  crisped:  pod  thick,  6-13  cm.  long, 
curved,  the  edges  rounded.  —  Spr. 

The  Tamarind,  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Ever- 
glade Keys  and  on  the  Florida  Kej-s.  The  yellow  or  brown  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

Family  8.    FABACEAE.     Pea  Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  1-compound, 
sometimes  1-foliolate,  or  rarely  simple.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  irregular. 
Calyx  of  5  more  or  less  unequal  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  5  (or 
of  1  petal  in  Amorpha)  unequal  distinct  or  nearly  distinct  petals  which 
are,  2  keel-petals,  2  wings  and  1  standard  which  surrounds  the  others. 
Androecium  of  10  monadelphous,  diadelphous,  or  rarely  distinct  stamens, 
or  rarely  9  or  5.  Gynoecium  1-earpellary.  Ovary  superior.  Fruit  a 
dehiscent  or  indehiscent  legume  or  a  loment. 

Corolla  with  wings  and  keel-petals  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the  standard  :  standard 
clawed,  the  blade  very  broad. 
Calyx  obscurely  lobed  :  pods  not  winged,  dehiscent.  1.  Agati. 

Calyx  prominently  lobed  :  pods  broadly  winged,  indehiscent.      2.   Ichthyojiethia. 
Corolla    with    very    small    wings    and    keel-petals :    standard 

sessile,  the  blade  narrow.  3.  Erythrixa. 

1.  AGATI  Adans.  Trees  or  shrubs,  but  short-lived.  Leaflets  numerous. 
Eacemes  2-4-tlowered.  Calyx  slightly  2-lipped,  but  usually  with  obscure,  very 
broad  lobes.  Corolla  large,  pinkish  or  red:  standard  with  an  oblong  or  ovate 
blade :  wings  not  auricled :  keel-petals  merely  angular  at  the  base  of  the  blade. 
Pods  greatly  elongate,  straight  or  nearly  so. 

1.  A.  grandiflora  (L.)  Desv.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaves  1-3  dm.  long; 
leaflets  numerous,  the  blades  oblong  to  linear-oblong,  2-4  cm.  long:  calyx 
2-2.5  cm.  long:  standard  6-10  cm.  long,  the  blade  ovate:  pods  elongate-linear, 
2-4  dm.  long.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Australian  corkwood-tree,  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  grows  in 
southern  peninsular  Florida  and  on  Key  West.  The  white  or  nearly  white  wood  is 
coarse-grained,    light,   and   soft.      (TV.   /.) 

2.  ICHTHYOMETHIA  P.  Br.  Trees.  Leaflets  several,  pinnate.  Pan- 
icles thyrsoid.  Calyx  slightly  2-lii3ped:  the  upper  lij)  notched:  lower  lip  of  3 
broad  lobes  about  equal  in  length.  Corolla  white  or  partially  colored :  standard 
with  a  broad  blade  cordate  at  the  base  and  a  short  claw.  Pod  narrow,  4- 
winged. 

1.  I.  piscipula  (L.)  A.  Hitchc.  Tree:  leaflets  7-9;  blades  thickish,  oval  or 
obovate,  or  rarely  ovate,  2-10  cm.  long,  undulate  or  shallowly  toothed:  calyx 
camiaanulate,  6-7  mm.  long:  petals  white  and  partially  striped  with  red: 
standard  14-16  mm.  long,  the  blade  suborbicular :  pods  5-10  cm.  long,  the 
twigs  undulate  or  incised.  - —  Spr. 

The  Jamaica-dogwood  grows  in  the  coastal  hammocks  of  southern  peninsular 
Florida,  particularly  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  in  the  hammocks  of  the  Florida 
Keys.  The  yellow-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  durable. 
(W.  I.) 

3.  ERYTHEINA  L.  Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaflets  3.  Eacemes 
several-many-flowered.  Calyx  obliquely  truncate.  Corolla  red,  scarlet  or 
crimson:  standard  conspicuous,  erect,  narrowed  upward:  wings  and  the  keel- 
petals  very  small,  nearly  equal  in  size,  the  blades  short-clawed.  Androecium 
exserted:  filaments  united  to  about  the  middle  and  slightly  above  it.  Ovary 
long-stipitate.     Pod  tortulose. 


MALPIGHIACEAE.  51 

1.  E.  arborea  (Chapm.)  Small.  Tree  3-8  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaflets  3.5-10  cm. 
long;  blades  deltoid  to  hastately  3-lobed:  racemes  few-flowered:  calyx  cylin- 
dric:  standard  35-40  mm.  long;  blade  about  1  cm.  wide:  wing-petals  11-12 
mm.  long:  pods  drooping,  8-15  cm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  Coral-bean  tree  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the 
Florida  Keys.  The  yellowish  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  but  neither  very  heavy 
nor  hard.      (Endemic.) 

Order  GERANIALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate  or  opi^osite :  blades  simple 

or  comiDouncI.     Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious,  mostly  regular. 

Calyx  of  distinct  sepals.     Corolla  of  distinct,  or  nearly  distinct  petals,  or 

rarely  wanting.     Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals  or 

twice  as  many,  or  rarely  more.     Gynoecium  of  2  or  several  united  carpels. 

Ovai-y  superior.     Fruit  various. 

Plants  destitute  of  secreting  glands  or  cells  in  the  tissues. 

Flowers  regular  :  sepals  without  dorsal  glands.  Fam.  1.  Zygophyllaceae. 

Flowers  irregular  :  sepals  with  dorsal  glands.  Fam.  2.  Malpighiaceae. 

Plants   with  secreting  glands,  these  often   in   the  leaves, 
or  only  in  the  bark. 
Filaments  distinct,  nearly  or  quite  to  the  base. 

Leaf-blades  punctate  by  oil-glands.  Fam.  3.  Rltaceae. 

Leaf-blades  not  punctate. 

Gynoecium  of  distinct  carpels.  Fam.  4.   Subianaceae. 

Gynoecium  of  more  or  less  united  carpels. 

Bitter-barked   shrubs  or  trees   with  oil-sacs 

in  the  bark.  Fam.  5.   Simaeoubaceae. 

Resiniferous  shrubs  or  trees.  Fam.  6.  Bdrseeaceae. 

Filaments  united  into  a  cup  or  tube,  wholly  or  in  part.   Fam.  7.   Meliaceae. 

Family  1.    ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.     Caltrop  Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  perennial  herbs.  Leaves  o^Dposite  or  alternate  by  the 
suppression  of  one  of  each  pair:  blades  compound.  Flowers  pei'feet. 
Calyx  of  4—6,  mostly  5,  sepals.  Corolla  of  4—6,  mostly  5,  petals  or  rarely 
wanting.  Androecium  of  twice  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals. 
Gynoecium  of  2-4-united  carpels.  Fruit  capsular,  sometimes  baccate  at 
maturity,  sometimes  separating  into  nut-like  carpels. 

1.  GUAIACUM    [Plum.]    L.  Shrubs   or   trees.     Leaves   relatively   large, 

persistent,   the   leaflets   but   little  longer   than   wide.      Sepals    5    or    rarely   4, 

unequal.  Petals  blue  or  purple.  Filaments  unappendaged.  Fruit  angled  or 
winged. 

1.  G.  sanctum  L.  Tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  bark  pale:  leaves 
5-10  cm.  long;  leaflets  6-8,  the  blades  broadly  oblong  to  obovate,  2-3  cm. 
long:  sepals  obovate  to  oblong-obovate,  6-7  mm.  long:  corolla  about  2.5  cm. 
wide;  petals  broadly  obovate:  fruit  obovoid,  15-17  mm.  long,  orange.  —  Spr. 
The  Lignum-vitae  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Florida  Keys.  Tlie  dark-green 
or  yellowish-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  hard,  and  durable. 
(IT.  /.) 

Family  2.    MALPIGHIACEAE.     Malpighia  Fa^iily. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  partially  woody  herbs  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite: 
blades  simi)le.  Flowers  usually  perfect,  sometimes  cleistogamous.  Calyx 
of  5  often  gland-bearing  sepals.  Corolla  of  5  usually  clawed  petals,  or 
wanting.  Androecium  of  5-10  perfect  or  partly  sterile  stamens.  Gynoe- 
cium of  2—1,  usually  3,  distinct  or  united  carpels.  Fruit  drupaceous, 
capsular,  or  nut-like. 


52  KUTACEAE. 

1.  BYESONIMA  L.  C.  Eich.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Flowers  iu  terminal 
racemes  or  panicles.  Petals  white,  reddish,  or  purplish,  reflexed.  Stigmas 
acute.     Carpels  permanently  united.     Cotyledons  circinate-coiled. 

1.  B.  lucida  (Sw.)  DC.  Evergreen  small  tree,  or  shrub,  mostly  3-18  dm.  tall: 
leaf -blades  spatulate  to  obovate-spatulate,  2-4  cm.  long,  lustrous  above: 
racemes  2-4  cm.  long:  petals  white,  turning  yellow  or  rose,  7  mm.  long,  the 
blades  renif orm :  drupes  4-6  mm.  in  diameter.  —  All  year. 

The  Locust-berry  grows  In  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  on  the 
Florida  Keys.     The  wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

Family  3.    RUTACEAE.     Rub  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees  or  rarely  herbs,  often  prickle  amied,  with  glandular- 
punctate  tissues.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite:  blades  simple  or  pin- 
nately  compound,  sometimes  1-foliolate.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous, 
mostly  regular.  Calyx  of  3-5,  or  rarely  more,  sepals,  or  wanting.  Corolla 
of  3-5,  or  rarely  more,  petals.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there 
are  sepals  or  petals  or  rarely  thrice  as  many.  Gynoecium  of  2-5  distinct 
or  united  carpels.     Fruit  capsular,  samaroid,  drupaceous  or  baccate. 

Fruit  dry.  follicular  or  samaroid. 

Fruit  dehiscent,  a  follicle.  1.  Zanthoxylum. 

Fruit   indehiscent,   a  samara.  2.   Ptelea. 

Fruit  fleshy,  drupaceous  or  baccate. 

Fruit  a  drupe  :  ovary  1-celled.  3.  Amyeis. 

Fruit  a  berry  :  ovary  2-  or  9-celled. 

Stamens  8  or  10 :  carpels  1-ovuled.  4.  Glycosmis. 

Stamens   20  or  more  :  carpels  several-ovuled.  5.   Citrus. 

1.  ZANTHOXYLUM  [Catesby]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  pinnate, 
sometimes  1-foliolate.  Flowers  polygamous,  iu  axillary  spikes  or  term.inal 
corymb-like  or  cyme-like  panicles.  Sepals  present  or  wanting.  Petals  4  or  5, 
mostly  erect.  Mature  carpels  solitary,  or  2-5  together.  —  Spr.  &  sum.,  or  all 
year. 

Flowers  in  small  axillary  spikes  :  sepals,  petals  and  stamens  4.  1.  Z.  Fariara. 

Flowers  in  large  terminal  cyme-like  or  corymb-like  panicles  : 
sepals,  petals  and  stamens  3  or  5. 
Sepals,   and  petals,   5  :   leaflets   herbaceous. 

Sepals  triangular  or  deltoid,  partially  united,  persistent.      2.  Z.  flarum. 
Sepals  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  distinct,  deciduous.  3.  Z.  Clava-Hcrculis. 

Sepals,  and  petals,  3  :  leaflets  leathery.  4.  Z.  coriaceutn. 

1.  Z.  Fagara  (L.)  Sarg.  Tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall,  the  trunk  slender,  often 
inclining,  or  shrub:  leaves  2. .5-11  cm.  long,  the  rachis  ringed :  blades  of  the 
lateral  leaflets  mostly  obovate  to  oval,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  shallowly  crenate: 
mature  carpels  subglobose,  3.5-4  mm.  long. 

The  Wild-lime  grows  in  hammocks,  on  the  southern  two-thirds  of  the  eastern 
coast  of  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  lower  half  of  the  western  coast.  Also  in  the 
hammocks  of  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  and  red-tinged 
heart-wood   is   close-grained,    heavy,    and    hard.      (TF.    J.) 

2.  Z.  flavum  Vahl.  Tree  sometimes  12  m.  tall  or  shrub,  unarmed,  the  twigs 
stellate-canescent:  leaves  9-25  cm.  long,  the  rachis  terete:  blades  of  the  lateral 
leaflets  mostly  oblong  or  ovate,  3.5-10  cm.  long:  mature  carpels  obovoid,  5-9 
mm.  long. 

The  Y'ELLOw-wooD  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  lower  Florida  Keys.  The  yellow- 
er light-orange  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  and  hard  but  brittle.  Also 
known  as  Satinwood.      (W.  I.) 

3.  Z.  Clava-Herculis  L.  Tree  sometimes  17  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  prickles 
raised  on  corky  bases:  leaves  1-3  dm.  long;  blades  of  the  lateral  leaflets  ovate, 


EUTACEAE.  53 

4-5  cm.  long,  appressed-serrate :  mature  carpels  mostly  2-5  together,  about 
4-6  mm.  long. 

The  TooTHACHE-TEEE  grows  in  woods  and  hammocks  nearly  throughout  Florida. 
The  light-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained  but  light  and  soft.  Also  known  as 
Prickly-ash.      (Cont.) 

4.  Z.  coriaceum  Eich.  Tree  becoming  7  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaves  G-15  cm. 
long;  blades  of  the  leaflets  leathery,  rigid,  obovate  to  cuneate  or  oblong  with 
acuminate  base,  2-6  cm.  long:  mature  carpels  5-6  mm.  long. 

The  IlERCDLES'-CLUB  grows  in  the  coastal  hammocks  of  the  lower  portion  of  the 
east  coast  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  light-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
rather  heavy,   and  hard.      {W.  I.) 

2.  PTELEA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  3-foliolate  or  rarely  5- 
foliolate.  FloAvers  polygamous,  in  corymbose  or  panicled  cymes.  Sepals  4  or  5. 
Petals  4  or  5,  narrow.  Ovary  2-3-celled.  Ovules  2  in  each  cavity,  superposed. 
Samara  winged  all  around.     Shrubby  Trefoil. 

1,  P.  trifoliata  L.  Tree  sometimes  8  m.  tall  or  shrub:  blades  of  the  leaflets 
broad  or  narrow,  glabrous:  samaras  suborbicular  or  oval-orbicular,  2-2.5  cm. 
long.  —  Spr. 

The  Hop-tree  grows  in  rich  woods  or  on  rocky  river  banks  in  northern  Florida. 
The  yellowish-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy  and  hard.  Also  known  as 
Wafer-ash.     {Cont.) 

3.  AMYEIS  [P.  Br.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  pinnate,  or  1- 
foliolate,  the  petiole  wingless.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  paniculate. 
Sepals  4  or  5.  Petals  4  or  5,  broad.  Ovary  1-celled:  style  short  or  wanting. 
Ovules  2.  Drupe  with  a  single  seed.  —  All  year.  The  following  species  have 
yellow  or  deep-yellow,  very  resinous,  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong 
heart-wood. 

Fruits  globose  :  ovary  glabrous  :  leaflets  shining  beneath.  1.  A.  clemifera. 

Fruits  obovoid  to  oblong-obovoid  :  ovary  pubescent :  leaflets  dull 

beneath.  2.  A.  talsamifcra. 

1.  A.  elemifera  L.  Tree  becoming  17  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaflets  3  or  5;  blades 
ovate  to  rhombic-ovate,  2-8  cm.  long:  petals  2.5-3.5  mm.  long:  drupes  4-8  mm. 
long,  black  beneath  the  bloom. 

The  TORCHWOOD  grows  in  coastal  hammocks  along  the  lower  two-thirds  of  the 
east  coast,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  adjacent  west  coast  and  on  the  Florida 
Keys.      (W.  I.) 

2.  A.  'balsamifera  L.  Small  tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaflets  3-5; 
blades  ovate  to  rhombic-ovate,  5-13  cm.  long,  dull  beneath:  drupes  obovoid- 
oblong  to  obovoid,  6-14  mm.  long. 

The  Balsam-torchwood  grows  in  hammocks  along  the  southern  end  of  the 
eastern  coast  of  peninsular  Florida.      iW.  J.) 

4.  GLYCOSMIS  Correa.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  1-severaifoliolatc: 
leaflets  mostly  entire.  Flowers  perfect,  relatively  small.  Sepals  nearly  dis- 
tinct. Petals  5,  elongate.  Ovary  2-5-celled:  styles  very  short.  Ovules  solitary 
in  each  cavity.     Berry  globular,  the  pulp  very  thin. 

1.  G,  pentaphylla  (Eetz.)  DC.  Small  tree  or  shrub  1-4  m.  tall:  leaves 
1-5-foliolate;  leaflets  elliptic  to  oblong,  or  broadest  above  the  middle,  8-16  cm. 
long,  glabrous:  sepals  orbicular  to  oval,  1-2  mm.  long:  petals  oblong  some- 
times broadly  so,  3-4  mm.  long:  filaments  clavate:  berries  7-10  mm.  in 
diameter,  white  or  pink. 

The  Glycosmis,  a  native  of  tropical  Asia,  grows  in  hammocks  on  Key  West. 
The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied,      (ir.  7.) 


54  SUEIANACEAE. 

5.  CITRUS  L.  Skrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  1-foliolate,  the  petiole  often 
winged.  Flowers  perfect,  axillary.  Sepals  united.  Petals  5,  or  4-8,  mostly 
wax-like.  Ovary  several-celled:  styles  united,  deciduous.  Ovules  several. 
Berry  several-seeded. 

The  wood  of  the  several  species  of  Citrus  is  yellow  or  yellowish-white,  close- 
grained,  hard,  and  heavy.  The  following  species  of  Citrus  were  introduced  in 
Florida  from  tropical  and  temperate  countries,  some  of  them  at  a  very  early  date. 
The  different  species  are  also  extensively  cultivated. 

Berry  of  a  globose  or  spheroidal  type,  not  mamillate  at  the  apex. 
Wings  of  the  petioles  usually  broad  :  pulp  of  the  berry  bitter 

and  sour.  1.   C.  vulgaris. 

Wings    of    the    petioles    usually   narrow :    pulp    of    the    berry 

sweet  or  sour.  2.   C.  Aurantiuin. 

Berry  of  an  elongate  type,  commonly  mamillate  at  the  apex. 
Berry    relatively    small,    with    a    relatively    thin    rind,    the 
pulp  well  developed,  with  abundant  juice,  and  very  acid. 
Corolla    2-2.5    cm.    wide :    leaflets    with    a    rounded    apex.        3.  C.  Lima. 
Corolla  3-5  cm.  wide:  leaflets  with  an  acute  apex.  4.   C.  Limonum. 

Berry    relatively    large,    with    a    thick    rind,    the    pulp    only 

slightly  developed,  with  little  juice,  and  not  very  acid.  5.   C.  Medica. 

1.  C.  vulgaris  Eisso.  Small  tree  with  sharp  thorns:  leaflets  ovate  to  oblong, 
6-12  cm.  long,  often  acuminate,  the  petioles  usually  broadly  winged:  flowers  in 
small  cymes:  sepals  often  obtusish:  berries  dark-orange  or  reddish,  the  rind 
thick,  the  pulp  sour  and  bitter. 

The  Bitter-sweet  or.\xge  grows  in  woods  and  hammocks  in  peninsular  Florida 
and  on  the  Florida  Keys.      (ir.  /. ) 

2.  C.  Aurantium  L.  Small  tree  with  short  sharp  thorns:  leaflets  oval,  oblong- 
ovate,  or  ovate,  6.5-13  cm.  long,  often  acute  or  rounded,  the  petioles  usually 
narrowly  winged:  flowers  in  axillary  clusters:  sepals  often  acute:  berries 
mostly  yellow,  the  rind  usually  thin,  the  pulp  sour  or  sweet. 

The  Sweet-oeakge  grows  in  woods  and  hammocks  in  peninsular  Florida  and 
on  the  Florida  Keys.      (W.  I.) 

3.  C.  Lima  Lunan.  Small  tree  or  straggling  shrub,  with  numerous  sharp 
thorns:  leaflets  oval  to  oblong-elliptic,  6.5-9  cm.  long,  commonly  rounded  at 
the  apex,  crenulate:  petioles  narrowly  winged:  flowers  in  clusters  of  3-10: 
petals  white  without  and  within:  berries  small,  mostly  less  than  6  cm.  long,  the 
rind  very  thin,  the  pulp  greenish. 

The  Lime  grows  in  woods,  thickets,  and  hammocks  in  peninsular  Florida  and 
on  the  Florida  Keys.      (W.  I.) 

4.  C.  Limonum  (L.)  Eisso.  Small  tree  or  spreading  shrub,  less  thorny  than 
C.  Lima:  leaflets  oblong-elliptic  or  ovate-oval,  5-11  cm.  long,  commonly  acute 
or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  crenate:  petioles  broadly  winged:  flowers  solitary  or 
2  together :  petals  purplish  without,  white  within :  berries  large,  mostly  over  6  cm. 
long,  the  rind  relatively  thin,  the  pulp  yellowish. 

The  Lemon  grows  in  woods  and  hammocks  in  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the 
Florida  Keys.      (II'.  7.) 

5.  C.  Medica  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  sometimes  with  stout  thorns:  leaflets 
oblong  to  elliptic,  or  slightly  broadened  upward,  12-20  cm.  long,  rounded  and 
often  emarginate  at  the  apex,  serrulate-erenate,  dull-green:  flowers  in  clusters 
of  3-10:  petals  purple-tinged  without,  white  within:  berries  oblong  or  oval, 
usually  very  large,  mostly  12-20  em.  long,  often  coarsely  wrinkled,  the  rind 
very  thick. 

The  Citron  grows  in  hammocks  and  woods  in  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the 
Florida  Keys.      (W.  I.) 

Family  3.     SURIANACEAE.     Bay-cedar  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees  of  coastal  sands.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  entire. 
Flowers  perfect,  solitary,  or  few  in  tenninal  clusters.  Calyx  of  5  per- 
sistent sepals.     Corolla  of  5  clawed  petals.     Androecium  of  10  stamens. 


SIMAROUBACEAE.  55 

those  oi3posite  the  petals  more  or  less  reduced.  Gynoecium  of  5  distinct 
carpels  opposite  the  petals.     Ovules  2,  side  by  side.     Fruit  achene-like. 

1.  SURIANA  [Phun.]  L.  Shrubs  with  erect  stems  or  trees  with  wide- 
spreading  brauches,  the  bark  flaky.  Leaves  numerous,  fleshy.  Fruits  seated  in 
the  persistent  calyx. 

1.  S.  maritima  L.  Shrub  or  tree  8  dm.  tall,  the  wood  very  hard  and  heavy: 
leaves  fleshy,  appressed-pubescent,  approximate ;  blades  liuear-spatulate,  1.5-4 
cm.  long:  sepals  ovate,  6-8  mm.  long:  petals  yellow,  about  as  long  as  the  sepals: 
mature  carpels  4-4.5  mm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  Bay-cedar  grows  on  sand  dunes  and  in  coastal  hammocks  in  southern 
peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  reddish-brown  heart-wood  is 
close-grained,   heavy,   and   hard.      (IT.   /.) 

Family  4.     SIMAROUBACEAE.     Quassia   Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  rarely  herbs.  Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  opposite: 
blades  pinnately  compound,  1-3-foliolate  or  rarely  simple.  Flowers  polyg- 
amous, deciduous,  or  rarely  perfect,  solitary,  spicate,  racemose  or  panicu- 
late. Calyx  of  3-5  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-5  petals  or  wanting.  Androecium 
of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals  or  twice  as  many,  or  rarely  very 
many.  Gynoecium  of  2-5  more  or  less  united  carpels.  Ovary  usually 
lobed.     Stigmas  mostly  introrse.     Fruit  a  drupe  or  a  samara,  or  baccate. 

Fruits  drupaceous  or  baccate. 

Carpels  becoming  distinct,  forming  simple  fruits  :   leaf-blades  equally  pinnate. 

1.    SiMAROUBA. 

Carpels    permanently    united,    forming   a    compound    fruit :    leaf- 
blades  unequally  pinnate.  2.  Picramnia. 
Fruits  samaroid. 

Petals  present :  stamens  10  :  mature  carpels  separate.  3.  Ailanthus. 

Petals  wanting  :  stamens  5  :   mature  carpels  united.  4.  Alvaradoa. 

1.  SIMAROUBA  Aubl.  Trees.  Leaf -blades  abruptly  pinnate,  the  leaflets 
thick.  Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  paniculate.  Sepals  4  or  5,  short. 
Petals  4  or  5,  imbricate,  much  larger  than  the  sepals.  Stamens  8  or  10,  each 
with  a  fringed  appendage  at  the  base.  Ovary  4-5-celled,  lobed  at  the  apex: 
style  very  short.  Fruit  a  cluster  of  5,  or  fewer  drupes,  with  the  style-base 
lateral. 

1.  S.  glauca  DC.  Tree  sometimes  16  dm.  tall:  leaflets  6-12;  blades  oblong  or 
nearly  so,  4-8  cm.  long,  entire:  drupes  oval,  about  2  cm.  long,  scarlet  or  dark- 
purple.  —  Spr. 

The  Paradise-tree  grows  in  coastal  hammocks  in  the  lower  half  of  the  pen- 
insula, on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  light-brown  heart- 
wood  is  close-grained,  but  light,  soft,  and  weak.    Also  known  as  Bitterwood.    (W.I.) 

2.  PICRAMNIA  Sw.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  unequally  pinnate, 
the  leaflets  thickish.  Flowers  dioecious,  spicate  or  racemose.  Sepals  3-5, 
short.  Petals  3-5,  imbricate  or  wanting.  Stamens  3-5,  unappendaged.  Ovary 
2-3-celled,  not  lobed:   style  very  short.     Fruit  a  berry. 

1.  P.  pentandra  Sw.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaflets  5-7;  blades  elliptic  to 
oblong-elliptic,  or  rarely  ovate,  5-10  cm.  long,  lustrous  above:  berries  oblong, 
10-15  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  BiTTER-nrsii  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  on  the  Florida 
Keys.     The  brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

3.  AILANTHUS  Desf.  Trees.  Leaf-blades  unequally  pinnate,  the  leaf- 
lets thin.     Flowers  polygamo-dioecious,  paniculate.     Sepals  5,  short.     Petals  5, 


.56  MELIACEAE. 

valvate,  much  larger  than  the  sepals.  Stamens  10,  unappendaged  at  the  base. 
Ovary  2-5-celled,  deeply  lobed  at  the  apex:  style  columnar.  Fruit  a  cluster  of 
5,  or  fewer,  samaras,  with  the  style-base  lateral. 

1.  A.  glandulosus  L.  Tree  becoming  30  m.  tall:  leaflets  13-41;  blades  lanceo- 
late to  oblong-lanceolate,  7-18  cm.  long:  samaras  4-5  cm.  long,  linear-elliptic, 
the  seed  in  the  middle.  —  Spr. 

The  Tree-of-heaven,  a  native  of  China,  grows  in  northern  Florida  and  the 
northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  white  or  nearly  white  heart-wood  is  rather 
close-grained,  but  light,  soft,  and  weak.      (Cont.) 

4.  ALVARADOA  Liebm.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  unequally  pin- 
nate, the  leaflets  thinnish.  Flowers  dioecious,  borne  in  spreading  or  drooping 
racemes.  Sepals  5,  short.  Petals  wanting.  Stamens  5,  alternating  with  5 
staminodia.  Ovary  flattened  or  3-angled,  2-3-celled,  notched  at  the  apex. 
Fruit  samaroid. 

1.  A.  amorphoides  Liebm.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaves  approximate  at  the 
ends  of  the  branches;  leaflets  numerous,  the  blades  1-2  cm.  long,  those  of  the 
lateral  leaflets  mostly  oblong  or  oval:  flowers  numerous,  slender-pedicelled : 
sepals  ovate,  about  1.5  mm.  long:  filaments  pubescent:  capsules  oblong  or 
ovate-oblong,  12-14  mm.  long,  ciliate,  notched.  —  All  year. 

The  Alvaeadoa  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys.  The  brown  or 
reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      {Bah.,  Cuba.) 

Family  5.    BURSERACEAE.       Torchwood  Family. 

Trees  with  a  resinous  sap.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  pinnate,  rarely 
1-3-foliolate.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-dioeeious,  racemose  or  panicu- 
late. Calyx  of  3-6  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-6  petals.  Androeeium  of  6-12 
stamens.  Gynoeeium  of  2-5  united  carpels.  Fruit  drupaceous,  the  epi- 
carp  sometimes  valvate. 

1.  ELAPHEIUM  Jacq.  Trees.  Leaves  approximate  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches:  leaflets  thick.  Sepals  4-6,  imbricate.  Petals  4-6,  mostly  valvate. 
Stamens  8-12,  erect.  Ovary  3-5-celled.  Drupe  with  a  valvate  epicarp. 
1.  E.  Simaruba  (Ia)  Eose.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall:  leaflets  3-7;  blades 
oval  or  elliptic,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  3-5  cm.  long,  entire :  racemes  5-10 
cm.  long:  petals  2-2.5  mm.  long:  drupes  oblong,  8-11  mm.  long  or  rarely 
smaller,  the  epicarp  3-valved.  —  Winter  &  spr. 

The  Gumbo-limbo  grows  in  coastal  hammocks  along  the  lower  half  of  the  east 
coast  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  light-brown  heart- 
wood  is  close-grained,  but  spongy,  soft,  and  weak.  Also  known  as  West-Indian  birch. 
(W.  I.) 

Family  6.    MELIACEAE.     Mahogany  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  partially  woody  herbs.     Leaves  alternate:  blades 

pinnately  1-3-eompound.     Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-dioeeious,  i3anieu- 

late.     Calyx  of  3-5  sepals.     Corolla  of  3-5  petals.     Androeeium  of  8-10, 

or  rarely  fewer  or  more,  stamens  with  the  filaments  united  into  a  tube. 

Gynoeeium  of  3-5  united  carpels.     Ovary  3-5-celled.     Fruit  a  berry,   a 

cai^sule  or  a  drupe. 

Fruits  drupaceous,  clustered,  drooping  :  androeeium  and  style  elongate.     1.  Melia. 
Fruits  capsular,  solitary  erect :  androeeium  and  style  short.  2.   Swietenia. 

1.  MELIA  L.  Trees  with  variegated  wood.  Leaf -blades  thrice  unequally 
pinnate.  Sepals  5  or  6.  Petals  5  or  6.  Staminal  tube  elongate,  the  lobes  cleft. 
Anthers  sagittate.     Stigma  3-6-lobed.    Drupe  leathery-fleshy. 


EUPHOEBTACEAE.  67 

1.  M.  Azedarach  L.  Tree  becoming  15  m.  tall  (in  M.  Asedarach  umhracu- 
lifera  with  an  umbrella-like  top)  :  leaflets  numerous;  blades  herbaceous,  3-7 
cm.  long,  incised-serrate  or  lobed:  petals  about  1  cm.  long:  drupes  subglobose, 
1.5-2  cm.  in  diameter.  —  Spr. 

The  China-tree,  a  native  of  eastern  Asia,  grows  nearly  throughout  Florida.  The 
brown-streaked  heart-wood  Is  rather  coarse-grained,  but  hard  and  durable.  Also 
known  as   China-berry.      (Cunt.,  W.  I.) 

2.  SWIETENIA  Jacq.  Trees  with  dark-red  wood.  Leaf-blades  equally 
once  pinnate.  Sej)als  5.  Petals  5.  Staminal  tube  short,  the  lobes  entire. 
Anthers  oval  or  globular.     Stigma  discoid.     Capsule  woody. 

1.  S.  Mahagoni  Jacq.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall:  leaflets  4-8;  blades  leathery, 
3-8  cm.  long,  entire:  petals  usually  3-4  mm,  long:  capsules  ovoid,  12  cm.  long 
or  less,  —  Sum. 

The  Mahogany  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys,  and  at  the  southern  tip  of  the  peninsula.  The  red-brown  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  very  hard,  durable,  and  strong.'  Also  known  as  Madeira-redwood, 
nr.  7.) 

Order  16,     EUPHORBIALES, 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  various,  sometimes  reduced  to  scales 
or  almost  wanting.  Flowers  mainly  monoecious  or  dioecious,  regular. 
Calyx  of  several  sepals.  Corolla  of  several  petals,  or  often  wanting, 
Androecium  of  more  than  one  stamen,  except  when  the  staminate  flowers 
are  scattered  over  the  inside  of  an  involucre.  Filaments  distinct  or  united. 
Anthers  opening  by  longitudinal  or  transverse  valves.  Gynoecium  2-sev- 
eral-earpellary  or  1-carpellary,  superior.  Styles  or  stigmas  usually  dis- 
tinct and  cleft,  or  foliaceous.  Ovules  1,  2  or  3  in  each  cavity.  Fruit 
capsular,  sometimes  achene-like,  drupaceous  or  baccate.  Seeds  often 
carunculate. 

Family  1.    EUPHORBIACEAE,     Spurge  Family, 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  often  with  milky  sap.  Leaves  opposite, 
whorled,  or  alternate:  blades  simple  and  entire,  toothed  or  lobed,  or  com- 
pound. Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  solitary  or  variously  clustered, 
or  much  reduced  and  in  an  involucre  {Euphorbia  and  related  genera). 
Calyx  of  2-several  sepals  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  2-several  petals  or 
wanting.  Androecium  of  few-many  stamens.  Fruit  usually  depressed 
or  slightly  elongate. 

Ovules,  and  seeds,  2  in  each  ovary-cavity. 

Stamens  5  :  corolla  present.  1   Savia. 

Stamens  2  or  3  :  corolla  wanting. 

Plants  monoecious  :   ovary  3-celled  :   fruit  baccate.  2.   Cicca. 

Plants  dioecious  :  ovary  1-2-celled  :  fruit  drupaceous.  3.  Dkypetes. 

Ovules,  and  seeds,  solitary  in  each  ovary-cavity. 
Stamens   1-5  :    leaf-l)lades  not   peltate. 
Styles  2  or  3  :   ovary   2-  or  3-celIed. 

Pistillate    flowers    long-pedicelled :    styles    distinct    or 

nearly  so. 
Pistillate  flowers  sessile  :   styles  united.  4.  GTir.N'ANTnES. 

Capsules  fleshy  :  styles  long  :  stigmas  linear.  o.  Triadica. 

Capsules  dry  :  style  short :  stigmas  subulate.  6.   Sapium. 

Styles  0-8  :  ovary  6-8-celled.  7.  Hippomaxe. 

Stamens   numerous  :   leaf-blades  peltate.  8.  RiciNus. 

1,  SAVIA  Willd.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  thick,  entire. 
Flowers  dioecious;  the  staminate  densely  clustered,  with  5  broad  rounded  sepals 


58  EUPHOEBIACEAE. 

and  5  thin  petals  broadened  upward:  stamens  5,  exserted.  Pistillate  flowers 
solitary  or  few  together,  with  5  broad  sepals  and  5  nearly  similar  petals:  ovary 
3-lobed;  styles  2-parted.     Capsule  depressed. 

1.  S.  bahamensis  Britton.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  bark  pale-gray  or  whitish: 
leaf-blades  typically  obovate,  varying  to  narrowly  obovate  or  oval-obovate,  2-5 
cm.  long,  rounded  at  the  apex,  or  rarely  retuse  or  aeutish,  pale-green,  shining 
above,  glabrous,  short-petioled:  staminate  flowers  with  orbicular-ovate  sepals 
about  2  mm.  long  and  cuneate  or  flabellate  thin  petals  shorter  than  the  sepals: 
pistillate  flowers  with  suborbicular  sepals  and  petals  about  2  mm.  long:  cap- 
sules spheroidal,  5-6  mm.  long:   seeds  4-5  mm.  long. 

The  Savia  grows  in  hammocks  or  palmlands  on  the  lower  Florida  Keys.  Tlie 
wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (Bah.,  Cuba.) 

2.  CICCA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  entire.  Flowers  apetalous. 
Staminate  flowers  with  5  or  6  sepals  and  usually  3  stamens,  the  anthers  opening 
vertically.  Pistillate  flowers  with  5  or  6  sepals  and  a  3-celled  ovary.  Fruit 
baccate. 

1.  C.  disticha  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  branchlets  spreading  or  drooping, 
glabrous:  leaves  various,  those  near  the  base  of  the  branchlets  with  subor- 
bicular to  orbicular-ovate  blades  1.5-3  cm.  long,  those  above  them  with  larger 
ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate  blades:  larger  sepals  suborbicular  to  orbicular- 
obovate,  1..5-2  mm.  long:  berries  depressed,  1..5-2  cm.  broad.  —  All  year. 

The  Otaheite-goosebekry.  a  native  of  the  E.  Indies,  grows  in  pinelands  and 
on  roadsides  in  southern  peninsular  Florida.  The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied. 
(TF.  /.) 

3.  DRYPETES  Vahl.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  entire  or  undulate- 
toothed.  Flowers  apetalous.  Staminate  flowers  in  rather  dense  clusters,  with 
4-8  sepals  and  4-16  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  few  in  a  cluster,  with  4-8 
sepals  and  a  1-2-celled  ovary.    Fruit  a  berry  or  a  drupe. 

Sepals  4  :  gynoecium  2-carpellary  :  drupe  subglobose,  less  than  15  mm.  long. 

1.  D.  lateriflora. 
Sepals  5  :  gynoecium  1-carpellary  :  drupe  elongate,  over  15  mm. 

long.  2.  D.  diversifoHa. 

1.  D.  lateriflora  (Sw.)  Krug  &  Urban.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub: 
leaf-blades  oblong  or  elliptic:  stamens  4:  drupes  9-11  mm.  in  diameter,  ripe 
in  spring  or  summer.  —  Fall  &  winter. 

The  Guiana-plum  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  Florida 
Keys.    The  dark-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  brittle.    (TF.  7.) 

2.  D.  diversifolia  Krug  &  Urban.  Tree  becoming  12  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf- 
blades  long,  elliptic  or  oval:  stamens  8:  drupes  2-2.5  cm.  long,  ripe  in  fall. 
[D.  Jceyensis  Krug  &  Urban.]  — Spr. 

The  Whitewood  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  and 
yellow-streaked  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  brittle.      (W.  I.) 

4.  GYMNANTHES  Sw.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  entire  or  toothed. 
Flowers,  monoecious  or  rarely  dioecious,  apetalous.  Staminate  flowers  with  a 
rudimentary  or  obsolete  calyx  and  2  or  3  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  with  a 
rudimentary  calyx  and  a  3-celled  ovary.     Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.  G.  lucida  Sw.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  cuneate  to 
oblong-spatulate,  or  nearly  oblong,  4-10  cm.  long,  undulate  or  obscurely 
toothed  near  the  apex:  spikes  shorter  than  the  leaves:  capsules  depressed, 
about  1  cm.  wide :   seeds  ovoid,  6-8  mm.  long.  —  Fall. 

The  Crabwood  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys.  The  dark-brown  and  yellow-streaked  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy, 
and  hard.      (TF.  7.) 


EUPHOEBTACEAE.  59 

5.  TRIADICA  Lour.  Sluubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  entire,  usually  broad. 
Flowers  monoecious,  in  dense  spike-like  panicles,  apetalous.  Staminate  flowers 
with  2  or  rarely  3  sepals  and  2  or  3  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  with  2  or  3 
sepals  and  a  2-  or  3-eelled  ovary.     Fruit  a  fleshy  capsule. 

1.  T.  sebifera  (L.)  Small.  Tree  resembling  a  poplar:  leaf -blades  acuminate, 
4-8  cm.  long,  entire,  long-petioled :  capsules  about  1.5  cm.  broad:  seeds  8-9  mm. 
long.     [Croton  sehiferum  L.]  —  Spr. 

The  Chinese  tallow-teee,  a  native  of  eastern  Asia,  grows  in  northern  Florida 
and  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  white  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
and  rather  light,  but  hard.      (Cont.,  W.  /.) 

6.  SAPIUM  P.  Br.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  toothed,  usually  nar- 
row. Flowers  monoecious,  in  narrow  si^ike-like  panicles,  apetalous.  Staminate 
flowers  with  2  or  3  sepals  and  2  or  3  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  with  2  or  3 
sepals  and  a  2-  or  3-celled  ovary.     Fruit  a  dry  capsule. 

1.  S.  gandulosum  (L.)  Morong.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  resembling  a  willow: 
leaf-blades  acute,  16  cm.  long,  serrulate,  short-petioled :  capsules  about  1  cm. 
broad :   seeds  6-7   mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Milk-tree,  a  native  of  South  America,  grows  about  Pensacola.  The 
wood  has  not   yet   been  studied.      ("IT'.  I.) 

7.  HIPPOMANE  L.  Trees.  Leaf-blades  entire  or  toothed.  Flowers 
monoecious,  apetalous.  Staminate  flowers  with  2  or  3  sepals  and  2  or  3 
stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  with  3  sepals  and  a  6-8-celled  ovary.  Fruit  a 
drupe. 

1.  H.  Mancinella  L.  Tree  becoming  18  m.  tall:  leaf-blades  ovate,  oblong,  or 
oval,  4-10  cm.  long:  spikes  4-8  cm.  long:  drupes  spheroidal,  2.5-3.5  cm. 
broad.  —  Spr. 

The  Manchineel  grows  in  hammoclss  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  Florida 
Keys.     The  dark-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,   but  light  and  soft.      (ir.  /.) 

8.  RICINUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Herbs,  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  peltate, 
palmately  lobed.  Flowers  monoecious,  apetalous.  Staminate  flowers  with  3-5 
sepals  and  numerous  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  with  caducous  sepals  and  a 
3-celled  ovary.     Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.  E.  communis  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  1-5  m.  tall,  the  stem  widely  branched: 
leaf-blades  nearly  orbicular,  6-11-lobed:  capsules  12-16  mm.  in  diameter. — 
All  year. 

The  Castor-oil  plant,  a  native  of  the  Old  World  tropics,  grows  in  waste 
places,  fields  and  hammocks  nearly  throughout  Florida.  The  wood  is  rather  close- 
grained,  but  light  and  soft.      (Cont.,   ir.   /.) 

Order  SAPINDALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  various:  blades  simple  and  eutire  or  toothed 
or  compound.  Calyx  of  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct  petals,  j-egu- 
lar  or  rarely  irregular,  or  wanting.  Androeciuin  of  as  many  stamens  as 
there  are  petals,  or  of  twice  as  many,  or  rarely  of  more,  or  fewer.  Fila- 
ments distinct.  Gynoeeium  a  single  cai-pel,  or  of  several  united  carpels. 
Ovary  superior.  Ovules  1  or  2,  or  several,  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary, 
pendulous,  with  the  raphe  away  from  the  axis  of  the  ovary,  or  erect  or 
ascendins:.     Fruit  vai'ious. 


60  SPOXDIACEAE. 

Plants  with  resin-bearing  tissues.  Fam.  1.   Spondiaceae. 

Plants  not  resin-bearing. 

Leaf-blades  simple,   pinnately  veined. 

Each  cavity  of  the  ovary  with  a  single  ovule. 

Flowers   in  racemes  :  fruit  capsular  or   leathery.      Fam.  2.  Cteillaceae. 
Flowers  not  racemose  :  fruit  a  drupe.  Fam.  3.  Aquifoliaceae. 

Each  cavity  of  the  ovary  with  2  or  more  ovules.  Fam.  4.   Celasteaceae. 

Leaf-blades  simple  and  palmately  veined   or  compound. 
Leaves  opposite. 

Fruit  capsular.  Fam.  5.  Aesculaceae. 

Fruit  a  samara.  Fam.  6.  Aceeaceae. 

Leaves  alternate.  Fam.  7.   Sapindaceae. 

Family  1.     SPONDIACEAE.     Sumac    Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines,  with  milky,  resinous,  often  acid  or  caustic  sap. 
Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple  or  pinnately  compound.  Flowers  monoe- 
cious, dioecious,  or  polygamous.  Calyx  of  3-5  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-5 
petals,  larger  than  the  sepals.  Androecium  of  3-6,  or  rarely  more,  stamens. 
Gynoecium  of  1,  or  of  3-5,  more  or  less  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  drupe  or 
a  berry. 

Leaf-blades  simple:  ovary  on  a  swollen  receptacle.  1.  Maxgifeea. 
Leaf-blades  compound  :  ovary  not  on  a  swollen  receptacle. 

Drupe  somewhat  elongate,  the  coats  permanently  united.  2.  Metopidm. 
Drupe   depressed,   the   coats   ultimately  separating. 

Drupe  with  a  glabrous  outer  coat :  stone  ribbed.  3.  Toxicodendeon. 

Drupe  with  a  pubescent  outer  coat  :  stone  smooth.  4.  Rhus. 

1.  MANGIFERA  L.  Trees.  Leaf-blades  simple,  relatively  narrow. 
Flowers  polygamo-dioecious,  in  stiff  panicles,  the  branches  not  plumose.  Sepals 
4  or  5.  Petals  4  or  5.  Ovary  oblique.  Style  1,  lateral.  Drupe  ovoid  to  some- 
what reniform,  smooth:  seeds  tenaciously  fibrous. 

1.  M.  indica  L.  Tree:  leaf -blades  leathery,  oblong  to  linear-oblong  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  mostly  1-3.5  dm.  long,  reticulate:  panicles  1-4  dm.  long:  sepals 
ovate:  petals  oblong  or  nearly  so,  3.-5-4  mm.  long:  drupes  5-10  cm.  long, 
aromatic.  —  Winter  &  spr. 

The  Maxgo,  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  grows  in  fields  and  hammocks  in 
southern  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Keys.  The  brownish  heart-wood  is  rather 
coarse-grained,   light,   and  soft.      {W.  I.) 

2.  METOPIUM  P.  Br.  Trees.  Leaf -blades  pinnately  compound.  Flowers 
dioecious,  in  open  panicles.  Sepals  5.  Petals  5.  Ovary  equilateral.  Styles 
united:   stigma  3-lobed.     Drupe  not  oblique. 

1.  M.  toxifenim  (L.)  Krug.  &  Urban.  Tree  becoming  14  m.  tall  or  shrub, 
with  a  very  poisonous  sap :  leaflets  3-7 ;  blades  leathery,  ovate,  3-9  cm.  long : 
panicles  1-2  dm.  long :  sepals  reniform  or  suborbicular :  petals  oblong  to  ovate : 
drupes  10-15  mm.  long.  —  Spr.  or  all  year. 

The  PoisoNwooD  grows  in  hammocks  and  pinelands  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and 
on  the  Florida  Keys.  Also  on  coastal  sand-dunes  at  the  lower  end  of  the  peninsula. 
The  dark-brown  and  red-streaked  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy  and  hard,  but 
weak.     Also  known  as  Doctor-gum.      (ir.  /.) 

3.  TOXICODENDRON  [Tourn.]  Mill.  Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines,  with 
poisonous  sap.  Leaf-blades  pinnately  compound.  Flower?  polygamous  or 
dioecious,  in  rather  dense  panicles.  Sepals  4-6.  Petals  4-6.  Ovary  glabrous. 
Styles  short.  Drupe  mostly  glabrous,  the  sarcocarp  wax-secreting.  Seed 
ribbed. 

1.  T.  Vemix  (L.)  Kuntze.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  blades  of  the  lateral  leaflets 
oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  4-15  cm.  long,  undulate:   petals  linear-oblong,  about 


CYRILLACEAE.  61 

2  mm.  long:  drui^es  subglobose,  about  5  mm.  l)roa(l,  in  drooping  panicles. 
—  Spr. 

The  Poison-sumac  grows  in  swamps  in  northern  Florida.  Tlie  yellow  and 
brown-streaked  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  light,  and  soft.  Also  known  as 
Thunderwood.      (Cont.) 

4.  RHUS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  pinnately  compound,  several- 
foliolate.  Flowers  polygamous  or  dioecious,  borne  in  terminal  usually  compact 
panicles.  Sepals  commonly  5.  Petals  commonly  5.  Ovary  pubescent.  Style 
short.     Drupe  pubescent.     Seed  smooth  and  even.  —  Spr. 

Bark  dark  gray  or  gray-brown,  dull :  leaflets  mostly  7-11.  1.  R.  copallina. 

Bark  red,  shining :  leaflets  mostly  13-33.  2.  B.  leucantha. 

1.  R.  copallina  L.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  a  tall  shrub,  the  bark  thick, 
hard,  scaly:  leaflets  9-21:  blades  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate  or  sometimes 
oval,  3-10  cm.  long:  stone  of  the  drupe  2. .5-3  mm.  long. 

The  Sumac  grows  in  open  woods  or  thickets  in  northern  Florida  and  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  and  green-streaked  heart-wood  is  coarse- 
grained,  light,  and  soft.      (Cont.) 

2.  R.  leucantha  Jacq.  Tree  becoming  9  m.  tall,  the  bark  thin,  soft,  smooth, 
peeling,  or  shrub:  leaflets  1.5-33;  blades  narrowly  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate, 
3—9  cm.  long:  stone  of  the  drupe  about  3  mm.  long. 

The  SouTHERX-suMAC  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys.  The  brown- 
ish-white and  green-streaked  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  light,  and  soft. 
(Cuba.) 

Family  2.     CYRILLACEAE.     Titi  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple,  entire.  Flowers 
perfect,  racemose.  Calyx  of  mostly  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  mostly  5  petals. 
Androecium  of  5-10  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2-5  united  car^iels.  Fruit 
dehiscent  or  indehiscent. 

Racemes  lateral  :  sepals  5.  equal  :  petals  contorted,  acute  :  stamens  5  :  ovary  2-celIed  : 
ovules  2-3  :  fruit  dehiscent,  not  winged.  1.   Cykilla. 

Racemes   terminal  :    sepals   5-8,   unequal  :   petals   imbricated,    obtuse : 

stamens  10  :   ovary  3-4-celled  :   ovule  1  :  fruit  indehiscent,  winged.     2.  Cliftonia. 

1.  CYRILLA  Garden,  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  pale  close  bark.  Sepals 
nearly  equal.  Petals  clawless.  Stamens  equal:  filaments  winged.  Style  short. 
Fruit  erect  or  ascending. 

1.  C.  racemiflora  L.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oblanceo- 
late  to  obovate  or  nearly  oblong,  2-10  cm.  long:  racemes  mostly  over  8  cm. 
long:  sepals  acuminate:  petals  2.5-3  mm.  long:  filaments  over  2  mm.  long: 
capsules  ovoid,  about  2.5  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Leatiierwood  grows  in  swamps  and  ponds  in  the  pinelands  in  northern 
Florida.  The  brown  and  red-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard, 
but  weak.     Also  known  as  Titi.      (Cont.) 

2.  CLIFTONIA  Gaertn.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  dark  scaly  bark.  Sepals 
unequal.  Petals  clawed.  Stamens  unequal:  filaments  appendaged  below. 
Style  wanting.     Fruit  drooping. 

1,  C.  monophylla  (Lam.)  Britton.  Small  tree  becoming  8  m.  tall  or  shrub: 
leaf -blades  narrowly  elliptic  to  elliptic-oblanceolate,  4-6  cm.  long:  racemes 
2-6  cm.  long:  petals  3-3.5  mm.  long:  fruit  ovoid,  6-7  mm.  long.  —  Winter 
&  spr. 

The  Titi  grows  in  pineland  swamps  and  bays  in  northern  Florida.  The  brown 
and  red-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  rather  hard,  but  weak.    (Cont.) 


62  AQUIFOLIACEAE. 

Family  3.     AQUIFOLIACEAE.     Holly  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple.  Flowers  perfect  or 
polygamous.  Calyx  of  4-6  persistent  sepals.  Corolla  of  4^6  petals,  often 
united  at  the  base.  Androecium  of  4-6  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  4-8 
united  carpels.     Fruit  dn;paceous. 

1.  ILEX  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  mostly  persistent:  blades  entire  or 

toothed.      Flowers    sometimes    nearly    dioecious.      Sepals    persistent.      Corolla 

deciduous.     Drupe  with  4-8  nutlets. 

Fruits  with  smooth  nutlets. 

Berries  bhicli  :  leaves  persistent;  blades  leathery.  1.  I.  Kruglana. 

Berries  red  or  scarlet :  leaves  deciduous  ;  blades  herbaceous.  2.  /.  verticiUata. 

Fruits  with  ribbed  nutlets. 

Leaves  deciduous  :  blades  herbaceous. 

Leaf-blades  broadest  above  the  middle,  blunt-toothed  :  drupes 

nearly  sessile.  3.  /.  decidua. 

Leaf-blades  not  broadest  above  the  middle,   sharp-toothed  : 

drupes  decidedly  pedicelled.  4.  /.  amhigiia. 

Leaves  persistent :  blades  leathery. 

Leaf-blades  entire  or  with  a  few  appressed  teeth  near  the 
apex. 
Leaf-blades  linear.  1-4  cm.  long.  5.  I.  myrtifoUa. 

Leaf-blades   oblong   or   oblanceolate.   4-10    cm.    long.  6.  /.  Cassine. 

Leaf-blades  toothed 

Teeth  crenate.  7.  /.  vomitoria. 

Teeth  spine-like  and  spreading,  rarely  only  the  terminal 

one  present.  8.  /.  opaca. 

1.  I.  Krugiana  Loesener.  Tree  11  m.  tall  or  shrub,  with  glabrous  twigs:  leaf- 
blades  oblong,  elliptic,  or  ovate,  4-7.5  cm.  long,  acuminate,  mostly  entire, 
deep-green  and  lustrous  above,  slender-petioled:  staminate  calyx  about  3  mm. 
wide:  staminate  corolla  5-5.5  mm.  wide:  drupes  5.5-6.5  mm.  in  diameter,  about 
as  long  as  the  stalk.  —  All  year. 

Krug's-holly  grows  in  hammocks,  and  as  a  shrub  in  pinelands  on  the  Ever- 
glade Keys.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (TF.  /.) 

2.  I.  verticillata  (L.)  A.  Gray.  Small  tree  sometimes  7  m.  tall  or  shrub,  with 
glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent  twigs:  leaf-blades  thickish,  elliptic  or  oval, 
varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  2-8  em.  long,  acute  or  acuminate  at  both  ends, 
more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  often  strongly  reticulate,  serrate:  staminate 
calyx  about  2.5  mm.  wide:  staminate  corolla  6-7  mm.  vn.de:  drupes  6-8  mm.  in 
diameter,  red.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Black-.\ldee  grows  in  swamps  or  low  woods  in  northern  Florida.  The 
yellowish-white  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  rather  heavy,  and  moderatelv  hard. 
(Cont.) 

3.  I.  decidua  Walt.  Small  tree  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  glabrous  or 
nearly  so:  leaf-blades  thickish,  mainly  spatulate,  oblanceolate,  or  elliptic,  2-6 
cm.  long,  obtuse  or  retuse  at  the  apex,  crenate-serrate,  dark-green  and  glabrous 
above,  paler  and  usually  pubescent  beneath:  staminate  calyx  2.5-3  mm.  wide: 
staminate  corolla  4.5-6  mm.  wide:  drupes  globose,  7-9  mm.  in  diameter,  orange 
or  nearly  scarlet.  —  Spr. 

The  Deciduous-holly  grows  in  swamps  and  along  streams  In  northern  Florida. 
The  yellowish-white  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 

i.  I.  ambigua  (Michx.)  Chapm.  Small  tree  rarely  6  m.  tall,  or  shrub,  with 
glabrous  or  nearly  glabrous  twigs:  leaf -blades  thin,  broadly  oval  varying  to 
ovate  or  obovate,  4-7  cm.  long,  acute  or  short-acuminate,  serrate  at  least  above 
the  middle  with  appressed  bristle-tipped  teeth,  glabrous  or  nearly  so:  stami- 
nate calyx  2-2.5  mm.  wide:  staminate  corolla  4-5  mm.  wide:  drupes  globose- 
oblong,  6-7  mm.  in  diameter.  —  Spr. 

The  Carolina-holly  grows  on  the  margins  of  swamps  in  northern  Florida. 
The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (Cont.) 

5.  I.  myrtifolia  Walt.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  very  rigid  branches:  leaf- 
blades  leathery,  narrowly  oblong  or  linear,  or  broader  on  shoots  1-4  cm.  long, 


CELASTRACEAE.  63 

apiculate,  more  or  less  revolute,  dark-green  and  glabrous  above,  pale  and 
usually  glabrous  beneath,  short-petioled :  calyx  1-1.5  mm.  broad:  corolla  4-5 
mm.  broad:  drupes  globose,  about  6  mm.  in  diameter,  red.  —  Spr. 

The  Myrtle-leaved  holly  grows  about  pineland  ponds  and  in  cypress  swamps 
in  northern  Florida.  The  pale-brown  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  light,  and 
soft.      iCont.) 

6.  I.  Cassine  L.  Small  tree,  12  m.  tall  or  shrub,  with  usually  pubescent  twigs: 
leaf-blades  leathery,  oblanceolate  or  oblong,  or  rarely  obovate,  4-10  em.  long, 
obtuse,  acute,  or  rarely  retuse  at  the  apex,  more  or  less  revolute,  dark-green 
and  glabrous  above,  pale  and  more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  or  sometimes 
glabrous,  rather  slender-petioled :  calyx  1.5-2  mm.  broad:  corolla  4-4.5  mm. 
broad :  drupes  globose,  6-8  mm.  in  diameter,  red  or  sometimes  nearly  yellow.  — 
Spr.  or  all  year. 

The  Daiioox  grows  on  the  margins  of  swamps  and  in  hammocks  nearly  through- 
out northern  and  peninsular  Florida.  The  white  or  yellowish  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  and  hard.     Also  known  as  Yaupon.      (Cont.,  Bali.,  Cuba.) 

7.  I.  vomitoria  Ait.  Small  tree,  8  m.  tall  or  shrub :  leaf -blades  leathery,  oblong, 
oval,  or  elliptic,  sometimes  oblong-lanceolate  on  shoots,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  obtuse, 
crenate-serrate,  deep-green  and  lustrous  above,  pale-green  beneath:  calyx  2 
mm.  broad :  corolla  5-5.5  mm.  broad :  drupes  globose,  red,  5-6  mm.  in  diameter, 
longer  than  their  pedicels.  —  Spr. 

The  Cassena  grows  on  the  margins  of  swamps  and  on  sand  ridges  especially 
near  the  coast  in  northern  Florida  and  the  upper  part  of  the  peninsula.  Tlie  light- 
brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  light,  soft,  and  weak.      (Cont.) 

8.  I.  opaca  Ait.  Tree  reaching  a  height  of  15  m.,  the  bark  white  or  pale-gray: 
leaf-blades  parchment-like,  oval,  elliptic,  or  obovate,  4-10  cm.  long,  spine- 
toothed  or  sometimes  entire,  lustrous  and  dark-green  above,  pale  and  dull 
beneath:  corolla  5.5-6.5  mm.  broad:  drupes  globose  or  globose-ovoid,  about  1 
cm.  in  diameter,  red  or  rarely  yellow,  longer  than  the  pedicels.  —  Spr. 

The  Holly  grows  in  sandy  woods  and  in  hammocks  in  northern  Florida  and  the 
upper  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  white  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  light,  hard,  and 
weak.      Also  known  as  American-holly.      (Cont.) 

Family  4.     CELASTRACEAE.     Staff-tree  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate,  opposite,  or  wliorled : 
blades  simple.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous  or  dioecious,  variously  borne. 
Calyx  of  3-5  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-5  petals.  Androeeium  of  3-5  stamens 
borne  on  or  under  the  disk.  Gynoeeium  of  3-G  united  carpels.  Fiuit  a 
capsule,  a  drupe,  or  a  berry.     Seed  often  arillate. 

Fruits  capsular,  dehiscent. 

Leaves  opposite  :  fruit-clusters  drooping  :   capsules  depressed  at  the  apes. 

1.  Euonymds. 
Leaves  alternate:  fruit-clusters  not  drooping:  capsules  pointed.     2.  Maytencs. 
Fruits  drupaceous  :  indehiscent. 

Flowers  perfect :  ovary  4-celled  :  fruits  oblique.  :5.   Riiacojia. 

Flowers  dioecious  :  ovary  2-celled  :  fruits  not  oblique. 

Leaves    opposite :    flower-clusters    peduncled :    calyx    decidu- 
ous :   drupe  not  lobed.  4.   (iY.minda. 
Leaves   alternate  :   flower-clusters  sessile  :   calyx  persistent : 

drupe  lobed.  5.   Schaefkekia. 

1.  EUONYMUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs,  trees,  or  rarely  vines.  Leaves 
opposite:  entire  or  toothed.  Flowers  perfect.  Sepals  4  or  5.  Petals  4  or  5. 
Stamens  4  or  5,  borne  on  the  lobes  of  the  disk:  filaments  very  short:  anther- 
sacs  diverging.     Stigmas  3-5.     Straavberry-bush. 

1.  E.  atropurpureus  Jacq.  Tree  becoming  8  m.  tall  or  shrub :  leaf -blades  5-16 
cm.  long,  serrate:  petals  dark-purple,  orbicular-ovate  or  suborbicular,  2-4  mm. 
long:  capsules  depressed:  seeds  8-10  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  BuRxixG-nrsH  grows  on  river  banks  in  western  Florida.  The  whitish  and 
often  yellow-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 


64  AESCULACEAE. 

2.  MAYTENUS  Molina.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  persistent: 
blades  leathery,  entire  or  toothed.  Flowers  polygamous  or  dioecious,  solitary 
or  clustered.  Sepals  5.  Petals  5.  Stamens  5,  borne  beneath  the  disk. 
Capsules  erect. 

1.  M.  phyllanthoides  Benth.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  obovate  to 
oblong-oblanceolate,  2-4  em.  long:  hypanthium  broadly  turbinate:  corolla  2-3 
mm.  broad :  capsules  obovoid,  8-12  mm.  in  diameter,  red.  —  All  year. 

The  Maytends  grows  in  hammocks  along  the  lower  portion  of  the  eastern 
coast  of  Florida  and  on  the  Florida  Kevs.  The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied. 
(Cuba.) 

3.  BHACOMA  L,  Shrubs  or  small  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  opposite,  or 
whorled,  persistent:  blades  entire  or  toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  few  together 
or  solitary  in  axillary  peduncled  cymes.  Sepals  4  or  5.  Petals  4  or  5.  Stamens 
4  or  5,  borne  between  the  lobes  of  the  disk.     Drupe  smooth. 

1.  B.  Crossopetalum  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  glabrous  twigs:  leaf-blades 
obovate  or  rarely  somewhat  elliptic,  1-4  cm.  long,  shallowly  crenate  or  entire: 
cymes  long-peduncled :  petals  oval  or  orbicular,  1  mm.  long  or  less:  drupes 
obovoid,  5-6  mm.  long,  red.  —  All  year. 

The  Rhacoma  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  southern  portion  of  the  eastern  coast 
of  Florida  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.     (W.  I.) 

4.  GYMINDA  Sarg.  Shrubs  or  trees,  the  twigs  4-angled.  Leaves  oppo- 
site, persistent:  blades  mostly  entire.  Flowers  dioecious,  in  axillary  cymes. 
Sepals  4,  or  rarely  3.  Petals  4,  or  rarely  3.  Stamens  4,  borne  without  a  disk. 
Stigmas  disk-like.    Drupe  smooth. 

1.  G.  latifolia  (Sw.)  Urban.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  obovate  to 
elliptic-obovate,  2-4  cm.  long,  bright-green,  (or  glaucous  above  in  G.  latifolia 
glauci folia)  :  petals  oblong  to  obovate-oblong.  1.5-2  mm.  long:  drupes  oblong 
to  ovoid,  7-8  mm.  long,  bluish-black. — All  year. 

The  False-boxwood  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  dark- 
brown  or  nearly  black  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  and  hard.     (W.  I.) 

5.  SCHAEFFEEIA  Jacq.  Shrubs  or  trees,  the  twigs  terete.  Leaves 
alternate,  persistent:  blades  entire.  Flowers  dioecious,  in  axillary  clusters. 
Sepals  4.  Petals  4.  Stamens  4,  borne  without  the  disk.  Stigmas  recurved. 
Drupes  tuberculate. 

1.  S.  frutescens  Jacq.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaves  not  clustered;  blades  ellip- 
tic, oval,  elliptic-obovate  or  elliptic-oblanceolate,  4-6  cm.  long,  shining  above: 
flowers  manifestly  pedicelled:   drupes  about  5  mm.  in  diameter.  —  All  year. 

The  Boxwood  grows  in  hammocks  along  the  lower  portion  of  the  eastern  coast 
of  Florida,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  Florida  Keys.  The  yellow  heart-wood 
is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.     Also  known  as  Yellow-wood.      (ir.  /. ) 

Family  5.     AESCULACEAE.     Buckeye  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite :  blades  palmately  compound. 
Flowei's  polygamous,  in  terminal  racemes  or  panicles.  Calyx  of  5  partially 
united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  unequal  clawed  petals.  Androecium  of 
5-8  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  3  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  leatbeiy  locu- 
licidal    cai^sule. 

1.  AESCTJLUS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  palmately  5-9-foliolate. 
Petals  with  their  claws  mostly  in  the  calyx-tube.  Filaments  slender.  Capsule 
smooth  or  echinate.  —  Buckeye.     Horse-chestnut. 


ACEEACEAE.  65 

1.  Ae.  Pavia  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaflets  5-7;  blades  oblanceolate  or 
elliptie-oblaneeolate :  calyx  15-17  mm.  long:  corolla  red;  lateral  petals  2-3  cm. 
long,  with  suborbicular  blades :  capsules  3-5  cm.  in  diameter.  —  Spr. 

The  Red-ruckeye  grows  in  rich  woods  in  northern  Florida.  The  wood  is  pale, 
often   whitish,   close-grained,   but    light   and   soft.      (Cont.) 

Family  6.    ACEEACEAE.    Maple  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite :  blades  simple  or  compound. 
Flo\Yers  perfect  or  polygamous,  in  cymes,  racemes,  or  panicles,  often  in 
congested  clusters.  Calyx  of  4  or  5,  or  rarely  more,  deciduous  sepals. 
Corolla  of  4  or  5,  or  rarely  more,  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  as 
many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals.  Gynoecium  of  2  more  or  less  united 
carpels.  Fruit  2  nutlets  with  wings  (samaras). 
Leaves   with   simple   or    rarely    digitately    compound   blades :    flowers    polygamo-dioe- 

cious.  with  a  disk.  "    1.  Acer. 

Leaves  with  pinnately  compound  blades  :  flowers  dioecious,  without  a  disk.    2.  Rulac. 

1.  ACER  [Tourn.]  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  simple  or  digitately 

compound.      Flowers   polygamous-dioecious.      Stamens   mostly   8.      Samaras    2 

together.  —  Spr.  —  Maple. 

Flower-clusters  expanding  before  the  leaves,  not  drooping. 

Petals  wanting  or  obsolete:  ovary  pubescent.  1.  A.  saccharimim. 

Petals  present :   ovary  glabrous. 

Leaf -blades  prominently  and  sharply  lobed,  the  lobes  prom- 
inently toothed:  samaras  mostly  less  than  3  cm.   long.    2.  A.  riihrum. 
Leaf-blades  shallowly  lobed,  the  lobes  shallowly  toothed  : 

samaras  mostly  over  .3   cm.   long.  3.  A.  caroliniannm. 

Flower-clusters  expanding  with  the  leaves,   drooping.  4.  A.  floridanum. 

1.  A.  saccharinum  L.  Tree  rarely  36  m.  tall,  the  bark  flaky  at  maturity,  gray, 
or  that  of  the  twigs  reddish-brown:  leaf -blades  about  as  long  as  broad,  10-15 
cm.  long,  with  3-5  prominent  incised  lobes  longer  than  the  body,  silky  when 
young,  glabrate,  bright-green  above,  glaucous  or  silvery-white  beneath,  trun- 
cate or  cordate  at  the  base:  calyx  greenish  or  yellowish:  samaras  5-6  cm.  long, 
tomentose,  or  glabrate  at  maturity,  green,  at  length  widely  spreading. 

The  SiLVER-M.\PLE  grows  in  the  Apalachicola  river  swamps  in  northern  Florida. 
The  pale-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  rather  light,  and  brittle.  Also  known 
as   Soft-maple.      (Cont.) 

2.  A.  rubrum  L.  Tree  sometimes  35  m.  tall,  the  bark  dark-gray  and  fissured 
on  the  trunk,  smooth  and  pale  or  white-gray  on  the  branches:  leaf -blades  com- 
monly broader  than  long,  bright-green  above,  light-green  or  pale  beneath, 
shallowly  but  prominently  5-lobed,  rather  evenly  serrate,  cordate  at  the  base: 
flower-clusters  red  or  yellowish:  sepals  nearly  distinct:  petals  narrower  than 
the  sepals:  samara- wings  diverging  at  about  45  degrees,  commonly  red,  1.5- 
2.5  cm.  long. 

The  Red-maple  grows  In  swamps  in  northern  Florida  and  the  adjacent  parts 
of  the  peninsula.  The  light-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard, 
but  weak.      (Cont.) 

3.  A.  carolinianum  Walt.  Tree  usually  smaller  than  A.  nibnim,  the  bark 
often  shaggy  in  age:  leaf -blades  commonly  longer  than  broad,  dark-green 
above,  glaucous  or  white  beneath,  shallowly  and  bluntly  3-lobed  near  the  apex, 
or  merely  coarsely  toothed:  samara-wings  converging  or  slightly  diverging, 
larger  than  those  of  A.  ruhrum,  commonly  3-4  cm.  long. 

The  CAEOLiNA-^rAPLE  grows  in  river-swamps  and  low  grounds  in  northern 
Florida  and  the  upper  half  of  the  peninsula.  The  wood  is  similar  to  that  of 
A.   ruhrum.      (Cont.) 

4.  A.  floridanum  (Chapm.)  Pax.  Tree  rarely  over  18  m.  tall,  the  bark  rather 
close,  but  rough  in  age,  chalky- white :  leaf-blades  rather  broader  than  long, 
5-6  em.  broad,  with  3-5  blunt  few-toothed  lobes  about  as  long  as  the  body, 

Trees  of  Florida  5. 


66  SAPINDACEAE. 

deep-green  above,  glaucous  and  more  or  less  pubeseent  beneath,  truncate  and 
shallowly  cordate  at  the  base:  pedicels  sparingly  pubescent  at  least  until  the 
fruit  matures:  calyx  campanulate,  1-1.5  mm.  long:  samaras  green,  1.5-2  cm. 
long,  sparingly  pubescent  near  the  base;  wings  rather  -widely  spreading. 

The  Florid.\  sugar-maple  grows  in  rich  woods  and  hammocks  in  middle  and 
western  Florida.  The  light-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard. 
(Cent.) 

2.  NEGUNDO  [Eay]  Ludwig-Boehmer.  Trees.  Leaf-blades  pinnately 
compound.  Flowers  dioecious.  Stamens  mostly  5  or  4.  Fruit  resembling  that 
of  Acer. 

1.  N.  Negundo  (L.)  Karst.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall:  leaflets  3-9;  blades 
oval,  ovate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  often  5-12  cm.  long,  coarsely  toothed:  samaras 
2.5-3.5   cm.   long.  —  Spr. 

The  Box-elder  grows  in  rich  woods  or  on  river  banljs  in  northern  Florida  and 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  yellowish-white  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,   light,  soft,  and  weak.     Also  known  as  Ash-leaved  maple.      (Cont.) 

Family  7.     SAPINDACEAE.     So.^pberry   Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate:  blades  simple 
or  pinnate,  sometimes  1-foliolate.  Flowers  dioecious,  polygamous,  or 
polygamo-dioecious.  or  rarely  perfect,  borne  in  racemes,  panicles,  or 
corymbs.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  petals  or  wanting. 
Disk  sometimes  gland-bearing.  Androecium  mostly  of  5  or  more  stamens. 
Gynoeeium  of  2-4  more  or  less  united  carpels.     Fruit  capsular  or  baccate. 

Fruits  indehiscent,  baccate. 

Tetals  appendaged,  longer  than  the  calyx. 

Fruits  lobed,  the  carpels  nearly  distinct :  androecium  and  gynoeeium  glabrous. 

1.  Sapindus. 
Fruits  not  lobed,  the  carpels  united :  androecium  and  gynoe- 
eium usually  pubescent.  2.  Talisia. 
Petals  unappendaged,  about  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Ovary  2-celled  :  leaflets  2,  4  or  6  :  calyx  persistent.  3.   Exothea. 

Ovary  3-celIed  :   leaflets  3  :  calyx  deciduous.  4.   Hypelate. 

Fruits  dehiscent,  capsular.  5.  Cupania. 

1.  SAPINDUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
pinnate.  Flowers  polygamous,  regular.  Sepals  4  or  5.  Petals  4  or  5,  ap- 
pendaged.    Stamens  8-10.     Baccate  fruit  not  elongate,  lobed.  —  Winter  &  spr. 

Leaf-rachis   winged :   blades   of  the  leaflets   obtuse,  at  least  not  acuminate :   petals 

short-clawed.  1.  S.  Saponarla. 

Leaf-rachis   wingless,   blades   of  the   leaflets   acuminate :    petals 
long-clawed. 
Mature  carpels  globose :  seed  globose  or  spheroidal.  2.  8.  marginatus. 

Mature  carpels  oval  or  obovoid :  seed  somewhat  elongate.  3.  S.  nianatcnsis. 

1.  S.  Saponaria  L.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaflets  4-7;  blades 
oblong,  oval,  or  obovate,  3-12  cm.  long;  leaf-rachis  winged:  mature  carpels 
globose,  14-18  mm.  in  diameter. 

The  Soapberry  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  adjacent  parts 
of  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  and  yellow-tinged  heart- 
wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      {W.  I.) 

2.  S.  marginatus  Willd.  Tree  10-15  m,  tall,  the  twigs  and  inflorescence  pubes- 
cent: leaflets  7-13;  blades  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  5-15  cm.  long: 
leaf-rachis  margined  above:  mature  carpels  globose,  10-15  mm.  in  diameter. 

mu  The  Wild  china-tree  grows  in  hammocks  nearly  throughout  peninsular  Florida. 
(C     i'P*^""'"°^°    ^^^   yellow-tinged   heart-wood   in    close-grained,    heavy,    and    hard. 


SAPINDACEAE.  07 

3.  S.  manatensis  Eadlk.  Tree  ■becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  and 
inflorescence  glabrous:  leaflets  7-13;  blades  oblong-lanceolate:  leaf-rachis 
wingless:  mature  carpels  oval  or  obovoid,  20-23  mm.  long. 

The  Manatee  wild  china-tree  grows  in  hammocks  on  islands  about  the 
mouth  of  the  Manatee  River.  The  wood  is  nearly  similar  to  that  of  the  next 
preceding  species.      (Endemic.) 

2.  TALISIA  Aubl.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  the  rachis  wing- 
less :  blades  pinnate,  the  leaflet-blades  slightly  inequilateral.  Flowers  polygamo- 
dioecious,  regular.  Sepals  5.  Petals  5,  appendaged.  Stamens  5-7,  or  usually 
8.     Baccate  fruit  somewhat  elongate,  not  lobed. 

1.  T.  pedicellaris  Eadlk.  Small  tree  with  pubcrulent  twigs:  leaflets  4-6; 
blades  elliptic  to  elliptic-ovate,  5-9  em.  long,  acuminate,  short-i:)etioluled : 
panicle  small,  the  branches  pubescent:  petals  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  4-5 
mm.  long:  fruits  ovoid,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  papillo!=e. 

The  Talisia  grows  in  Brickell  hammock  on  the  Everglade  Keys,  below  Miami. 
The  wood  has  not  been  studied.      (N.  8.  Am.) 

3.  EXOTHEA  Macfadyen.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
equally  pinnate.  Flowers  mostly  polygamous,  irregular.  Sepals  5.  Petals 
unappendaged,  short-clawed.     Stamens  mostly  8.     Baccate  fruit  not  lobed. 

1.  E.  paniculata  (Juss.)  Eadlk.  Tree:  leaflets  2-4,  or  rarely  6;  blades  oblong 
or  elliptic,  5-13  cm.  long,  entire:  buds  clove-shaped:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long: 
petals  white,  resembling  the  sepals:  fruits  subglobose,  10-12  mm.  in  diameter, 
orange,  turning  purple.  —  Winter  &  spr. 

The  INKWOOD  grows  in  hammocks  along  the  lower  two-thirds  of  the  eastern 
coast  of  Florida  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  I-^lorida  Keys.  The  reddish- 
brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.  Also  known  as 
Iron  wood.      (TF.  I.) 

4.  HYPELATE  P.  Br.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  3- 
foliolate.  Flowers  polygamo-dioecious.  Sepals  5.  Petals  5,  unappendaged, 
clawless.    Stamens  8-10.     Baccate  fruit  not  lobed. 

1.  H.  trifoliata  Sw.  Tree:  leaflets  3;  blades  spatulate  to  narrowly  obovate, 
2.5-4.5  cm.  long:  petals  white,  suborbicular,  obovate,  or  oval,  the  larger  ones. 
3.5-4  mm.  long:  fruits  ovoid,  5-7  mm.  long,  black.  —  Winter  &  spr. 

The  White-ieonwood  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  dark- 
brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy  and  hard,  and  durable.      (TF.  7.) 

5.  CUPANTA  [Plum.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
pinnate.  Flowers  polygamo-dioecious,  regular.  Sepals  4  or  5,  rarely  3  or  6. 
Petals  4  or  5,  sometimes  appendaged,  or  wanting.  Stamens  8,  or  5,  6,  10,  or 
12.    Capsule  2-4-lobed. 

1.  C.  glabra  Sw.  Tree:  leaflets  6-12;  blades  oblong  with  a  cuneate  base,  6-11 
em.  long,  crenate  or  crenate-serrate  above  the  middle:  sepals  ovate,  2-2.5  mm. 
long:  petals  cuneate-flabellate,  2-2.5  mm.  long:  capsules  turbinate,  11-14  mm. 
broad,  stipitate.  —  Fall  &  winter. 

The  Cupania  grows  in  hammocks  on  Pine  Key.  The  wood  has  not  yet  been 
studied.  Specimens  of  this  tree  have  not  been  collected  in  Florida  in  recent  years. 
(W.  I.) 

Order  RHAMNALES. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  typically  alternate.  Flowers  regular, 
sometimes  imperfect  or  incomplete.  Calyx  present.  Corolla  present  or 
wanting.     Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals.     Gynoe- 


68  FEAXGULACEAE. 

cium  of  2  or  more  united  carpels.  Ovary  superior  or  nearly  so.  Fruit 
a  capsule  or  a  berry,  or  drupaceous. 

Family  1.    FRANGULACEAE.     Buckthorn    Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaf-blades  simple,  i:)innately  veined. 
Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  or  sometimes  dioecious.  Calyx  of  4  or  5 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  4  or  5 
stamens  opposite  the  petals.  Gynoecium  of  2  or  3  united  carpels.  Fruit 
capsular  or  drupaceous,  sometimes  separating  into  nutlets. 

Fruits  drupaceous,  pulpy,  the  stone  1-3-celled. 

Sepals  crested.  1.   KKnciODEXDEOX. 

Sepals  crestless.  2.  Reynosia. 

Fruits  dry  or  baccate,  with  2-4  separating  nutlets. 

Fruit    fleshy :    disk    forming   a    hypanthium    with    the    ovary 

seated  in  the  bottom  of  it.  3.   Rhamnus. 

Fruit  dry  :  disk  annular,  the  ovary  immersed  in  it.  4.   Colubeina. 

1.  KRUGIODENDRON  Urban.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  nearly  opposite : 
blades  entire.  Flowers  perfect.  Sepals  5,  crested  within.  Petals  wanting. 
Stamens  5:  filaments  longer  than  the  anthers.    Drupe  apiculate. 

1,  K,  ferreum  (Vahl)  Urban.  Tree  becoming  9  m.  tall,  the  bark  ridged,  or 
shrub:  leaf -blades  ovate  or  oval,  3-6  cm.  long:  sepals  ovate:  drupes  subglobose 
or  oval,  5-8  mm.  long,  black.     [Bhmnnidium  ferreum  (Vahl)   Sarg.]  —  Spr. 

The  Black-ironwood  grows  in  hammocks  along  the  lower  half  of  the  east  coast 
and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  orange-brown  heart-wood  is 
close-grained,   heavy,    hard,   and   brittle.      (TF.  /.) 

2.  KEYNOSIA  Griseb.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite:  blades  entire. 
Flowers  perfect.  Sepals  5,  crestless.  Petals  wanting.  Stamens  5:  filaments 
longer  than  the  anthers.    Drupe  apiculate, 

1.  R.  septentrionalis  Urban.  Tree  becoming  9  m.  tall,  the  bark  scaly:  leaf- 
blades  oblong,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate:  sepals  deltoid  or  ovate-deltoid: 
<lrupes  subglobose,  oval,  or  obovoid,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  purple  or  nearly  black. 
[E.  latifolia  Sarg.     Not  Griseb.]  — Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Red-ironwood  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys.  The  dark-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy  and  very  hard.  Also 
known  as  Darling-plum.      {Bah.) 

3.  RHAMNTTS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
entire  or  toothed,  many-ribbed.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-dioecious.  Sepals 
4  or  5,  keeled  within.  Petals  4  or  5,  commonly  concave,  clawless,  shorter  than 
the  sepals,  or  wanting.  Stamens  4  or  5,  included  anthers  acute.  Drupe  berry- 
like,  not  lobed,  with  3  or  4  nutlets.  —  Buckthorn. 

1,  R.  caroliniana  Walt,  Tree  becoming  11  m.  tall,  or  a  shrub:  leaf-blades 
oblong  or  elliptic,  or  slightly  obovate,  5-12  cm.  long :  calyx  about  4  mm.  broad : 
petals  about  J  as  long  as  the  sepals:  drupes  black,  10-11  mm.  in  diameter. 
—  Spr, 

The  Indian-cheery  grows  in  rich  woods  in  middle  and  western  Florida.  The 
light-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,   light,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 

4.  COLUBRINA  L,  C,  Rich,  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
entire  or  toothed,  sometimes  3-nerved  at  the  base.  Flowers  perfect.  Sepals  5, 
spreading,  keeled  within.  Petals  5,  folded  around  the  stamens,  clawless. 
Stamens  5:  anthers  notched.  Drupe  slightly  3-lobed,  the  carpels  separating 
at  least  at  the  top.  —  Fall-spr. 


TILTACEAE.  69 

Young  foliage  glabrous  or  inconspicuously  pubescent :  calyx  3.5-4.5  mm.  wide. 

1.  C.  reclinata. 
Young  foliage  conspicuously  red-tomentose  :  calyx  7-8  mm.  wide.         2.  C.  Colubriiia. 

1.  C.  reclinata  (L'Her.)  Brongn.  Small  tree  becoming  20  m.  tall,  or  a  shrub, 
\^•ith  puberulent  twigs:  leaf -blades  ovate-oblong  or  rarely  oval  or  obovate,  3-8 
cm.  long:  sepals  about  2  mm.  long:  petals  about  1.5  mm.  long:  drupe  slender- 
pedicelled,  seated  on  the  shallow  hypanthium. 

The  Nakedwood  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys.  The  brown  and  often  yellow-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard, 
and  strong.      (TF.  I.) 

2.  C.  Colubrina  (Jacq.)  Millsp.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  rusty-tomentose  twigs : 
leaf -blades  ovate,  oblong,  elliptic,  or  rarely  oblanceolate,  5-15  cm.  long:  sepals 
about  2.5  mm.  long:  petals  somewhat  longer  than  those  of  C.  reclinata:  drupe 
stout-pedicelled,  partly  immersed  in  the  deep  hypanthium. 

The  Wild-coffee  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys.     The  brownish  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  hard,  and  rather  strong.      (TF.  /.) 

Order   MALVALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite :  blades  simple, 
often  lobed  and  toothed.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  regular  and  involuerate. 
Calyx  of  distinct  or  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct  petals. 
Androeeium  of  numerous  monadelphous  or  grouped  stamens,  or  few  in 
Buettneriaceae.  Gynoecium  of  several  distinct  or  united  carpels.  Fruit 
capsular,  follicular,  berry-like,  or  nut-like. 

Stamens  numerous   (in  our  genera). 

Stamens  distinct  or  in  several  groups  :  anthers  2-celled.  Fam.  1.  Tiliaceae. 

Stamens  monadelphous  :  anthers  1-celled.  Fam.  2.   Malvaceae. 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  sepals.  Fam.  3.  Buettneriaceae. 

Family  1.     TILIACEAE.     Linden   Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  rarely  herbs.  Leaves  mostly  alternate :  blades 
simple.  Flowers  usually  perfect.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  4 
or  5  petals,  each  of  which  sometimes  bears  a  petaloid  scale  at  the  base. 
Andi'oecium  of  usually  numerous  stamens,  sometimes  of  as  many  or  twice 
as  many  as  the  sepals.  Gynoecium  of  2-several  united  carpels.  Fruit 
capsular,  nut-like,  or  berry-like. 

1.  TILIA  [Tourn.]  L,  Trees.  Leaf-blades  oblique,  toothed.  Flowers 
in  long-peduncled  cymes,  the  peduncle  adnate  to  a  long  bract.  Sepals  5.  Petals 
5,  longer  than  the  sepals.  Stamens  sometimes  in  groups  opposite  the  petals 
and  accompanied  by  staminodia.  Anther-sacs  separated.  Berry  1-2-seeded. 
—  Late  spr.  and  sum.  —  Basswood.    Linn.    Lime-tree,    Bee-tree. 

The   wood    of   the    following   species    is    close-grained,    light,    and    soft.      It    is 
light-brown. 
Leaf-blades   glaucous  beneath  :   bracts   not   decurrent   to    the   base   of   the   peduncle : 

calyx  velvety.  1.   T.  floridana. 

Leaf-blades    densely    pubescent   beneath  :    bracts    decurrent    to    the  » 

base  of  the  peduncle :  calyx  tomentose.  2.  T.  pubcscens. 

1.  T,  floridana  Small.  Tree  becoming  9  m.  tall:  leaf-blades  ovate  to  oval- 
ovate,  glaucous  beneath:  bracts  relatively  small,  mostly  much  less  than  2  cm. 
wide,  decurrent  to  within  0.5  or  1.5  cm.  of  the  base  of  the  peduncle,  somewhat 
pubescent:  peduncle  pubescent,  the  free  portion  0.5-1.5  cm.  long:  sepals 
lanceolate  to  linear-lanceolate,  3-3.5  mm.  long:  petals  4.5-5.5  mm.  long: 
staminodia  nearly  linear  or  linear-spatulate:  berries  globular. 

The  Floeida-linden  grows  in  rich  woods  in  western  Florida.      (Endemic.) 


70  MALVACEAE. 

2.  T.  pubescens  Ait.  Tree  becoming  14  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  broadly  ovate  to 
oblong-ovate,  8-17  cm.  long,  copiously  brown-  or  rusty-pubescent  beneath :  bracts 
oblong  to  oblong-spatulate,  decurrent  to  the  base  of  the  peduncle,  copiously 
pubescent  beneath:  sepals  3.5-4.5  mm.  long:  petals  6-7.5  mm.  long:  berries 
globular. 

The  Rusty-linden  grows  in  hammocks  near  the  coast  in  northern  Florida,  and 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.      (Cont.) 

Family  2.    MALVACEAE.    Mallow  Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  "trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple,  palmately 
veined.  Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  5  more  or  less  united  valvate  sepals. 
Corolla  of  5  convolute  petals.  Androecium  of  numerous  monadelphous 
stamens.  Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels.  Fruit  capsular  or  some- 
times baccate. 

styles  distinct :  seeds  reniform. 

"  Bractlets  of  the  involucel  distinct.  1.  Hibiscus. 

Bractlets  of  the  involucel  united  into  a  lobed  cup.  2.  Paeitium. 
Styles  united  :  seeds  not  reniform. 

Bractlets   of  the  involucel   entire  :   seeds   short-hairy.  3.  Thespesia. 

Bractlets  of  the  involucel  laciniate :  seeds  long-hairy.  4.  Gossypilm. 

1.  HIBISCUS  L.     Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  entire,  lobed,  or 

parted.     Involucel  of  several,  rarely  3,  distinct  bractlets.     Sepals  5,  more  or 

less  united.     Petals   5,   white,   colored   or   variegated.      Carpels   forming   a   5- 

valved  capsule. 

Corolla   mainly   red   or  salmon :    calyx-lobes   lanceolate   or   triangular-lanceolate. 

1.  H.  Rosa-Sinensis. 
Corolla  mainly  pink  or  white :  calyx-lobes  triangular-ovate.  2.  H.  syriacus. 

1.  H.  Rosa-Sinensis  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  usually  sparingly  pubescent:  leaf- 
blades  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  rounded  or  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base, 
coarsely  and  unequally  toothed:  bractlets  narrowly  linear:  calyx-lobes  lanceo- 
late, m'ore  pubescent  within  than  without:  petals  rose-red,  or  rarely  of  other 
colors:   capsules  2-2.5  cm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  Shoe-black  plant  or  Chinese  Rose,  a  native  of  China,  grows  in  fields 
and  waste  places  and  on  roadsides  in  peninsular  Florida.  The  wood  has  not  been 
studied.      (IF.  7.) 

2.  H.  syriacus  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  minutely  pubescent  when  young :_  leaf - 
blades  3-lobed,  coarsely  erenate,  3-12  cm.  long:  bractlets  linear  or  linear- 
spatulate,  10-20  mm.  long:  calyx-lobes  triangular-ovate:  petals  deep-pink,  or 
white  with  crimson  blotches  at  the  base:  capsules  oblong-ovoid,  2-2.5  cm.  long. 
—  Sum.  &  fall. 

The  Shrubby  althaea,  a  native  of  western  Asia,  grows  in  fields  and  on  road- 
sides in  northern  Florida  and  the  northern  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  wood  has 
not  been  studied.     Also  known  as  Rose-of-Sharon.      {Cent.) 

2.  PAEITIUM  St.  Hil.  Shrubs  or  trees,  resembling  Hibiscus  in  habit, 
but  with  the  bractlets  of  the  involucel  united  into  a  lobed  cup. 

1.  P.  tiliaceum  (L.)  Juss.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  young  parts  velvety- 
tomentose:  leaf -blades  suborbicular  to  ovate,  1-2  dm.  long,  shallowly  toothed, 
prominently  veined  beneath:  calyx-lobes  lanceolate  or  triangular-lanceolate: 
petals  yellow,  5-6  cm.  long:  capsule  2.5-3.5  cm.  long,  abruptly  pointed. — 
Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Mahoe.  probably  a  native  of  the  Old  World  tropics,  grows  on  the  shores 
of  the  Everglade  Kevs  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  wood  has  not  been  studied. 
iW.  I.) 

3.  THESPESIA  Solaud.  Shrubs  or  trees,  resembling  species  of  Hibiscus. 
Leaf-blades    entire    or    angulate-lobed.      luvolueel    of    3-5    narrow    deciduous 


BUETTNEEIACEAE.  71 

bractlets.  Sepals  5,  partially  or  wholly  united.  Petals  5,  showy.  Carpels 
united  into  a  mostly  indehiscent  capsule. 

1.  T.  populnea  (L.)  Soland.  Low  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  ovate,  5-12  cm. 
long:  calyx  cup-like:  petals  5-7  cm.  long,  yellow  and  purple:  capsules  de- 
pressed, 3-4.5  cm.  broad.  —  Sum.  &  fall. 

The  Seaside-mahob,  probably  a  native  of  the  Old  World  tropics,  grows  in  ham- 
mocks on  the  shores  of  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  or 
light-red  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      {W.  I.) 

4.  GOSSYPIUM  L.  Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  palmately 
lobed  or  rarely  entire.  Involucel  of  3  large  bracts.  Sepals  5,  united  into  a 
cup-like  calyx.  Petals  5,  usually  dark-colored  at  the  base.  Capsule  5-valved. 
—  Cotton. 

1.  G.  hirsutum  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  usually  hirsute  twigs :  leaf -blades 
4-11  cm.  wide,  sometimes  pubescent,  3-lobed,  the  lobes  ovate  to  deltoid,  as 
long  as  the  body  of  the  leaf  or  very  short:  calyx  becoming  1-1.5  cm.  wide: 
corolla  creamy-white  except  the  purplish  base,  becoming  pink;  petals  3-5  cm. 
long:  capsules  ovoid,  2.5-3  cm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  WiLD-coTTON  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  wood  has  not 
yet  been  studied.      (W.  I.) 

Family  3.    BUETTNERIACEAE.     Chocolate  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  herbs  often  resembling  Malvaceae.  Leaves  alter- 
nate :  blades  simple.  Flowers  mostly  perfect.  Calyx  of  5,  or  rarely  fewer, 
sepals.  Corolla  of  5,  or  rarely  fewer,  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of 
as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals,  or  more.  Staminodia  sometimes 
present.  Gynoecium  of  5  more  or  less  united  carpels  or  fewer.  Fruit 
capsular  or  follicular. 

1.  riKMIANA  Marsigli.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  entire  or  lobed. 
Flowers  unisexual  or  polygamous.  Sepals  5,  or  rarely  4,  often  petaloid. 
Petals  wanting.  Staminal  column  broad.  Carpels  nearly  distinct.  Stigmas 
peltate.     Capsule  opening  before  maturity,  the  carpels  stellately  spreading. 

1.  F.  platanifolia  (L.)  E.  Br.  Tree  becoming  12  m.  tall,  or  a  shrub:  leaf- 
blades  1-3  dm.  broad,  palmately  3-5-lobed:  panicle  commonly  2-3  dm.  long: 
sepals  linear :   carpels  6-9  cm.  long.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  China  parasol-teee,  a  native  of  eastern  Asia,  grows  in  fields  and  thickets 
and  on  roadsidps  in  northern  Florida  and  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula. 
The  white  or  whitish  wood  is  rather  close-grained,  but  light  and  soft.      (Cont.) 

Order  HYPERICALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  various.  Flowers  mostly  perfect, 
complete  and  regular  (irregular  in  Violaceae),  sometimes  involucrate. 
Calyx  of  distinct  or  essentially  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct  petals 
(partially  united  in  Fouquieriaeeae),  rarely  wanting.  Andi'oecium  of 
several  united  carpels.  Ovary  superior,  mostly  with  parietal  placentae. 
Fruit  capsular,  baccate,  or  drupaceous. 

Stamens  imited  into  a  tube  which  surrounds  or  encloses  the  gynoecium. 

Placentae  parietal :  style  short-columnar.  Pam.  1.  Canellaceae. 

Placentae  axile  :  style  lobed.  Fam.  2.  Clusiaceae. 

Stamens  distinct. 

Styles  wanting:  stigmas  introrse.  Fam.  3.  Tamaricaceae. 

Styles  present,   distinct   or  united  :   stigmas   terminal.         Fam.  4.  Theaceae. 


i-i  TAMAKICACEAE. 

Family    1.      CANELLACEAE.     Wild-cinnamon   Family. 

Trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  entire,  pellucid-punctate.  Flowers 
perfect.  Calyx  of  3  thick  imbricate  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  to  12  narrow 
petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  numerous  stamens,  the  filaments 
united  into  a  tube  around  the  pistil.  Gynoeeium  of  2-5  united  carpels. 
Fruit  a  beriy. 

1.  CANELLA  P.  Br.  Trees  with  gray  bark.  Leaf-blades  leathery. 
Flowers  in  cymes.  Petals  5.  Stamens  mostly  15-20,  the  tube  projecting  beyond 
the  anthers.     Ovary  1-celled.     Berry  subglobose. 

1.  C.  Winteriana  (L.)  Gaertn.  Tree  5-15  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oblanceolate, 
spatulate,  or  oblong-spatulate,  3-10  cm.  long:  sepals  2.5-3  mm.  broad:  petals 
5,  oblong,  4.5-5  mm.  long,  purple:  berry  about  10  mm.  in  diameter,  crimson. 
—  Fall. 

The  WiLD-ciNNAMON  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  dark 
reddish-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  and  hard.     (W.  I.) 

Family  2.     CLUSIACEAE.     Balsam-tree  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite :  blades  entire.  Flowers  mostly 
dioecious  or  polygamous.  Calyx  of  2-6  imbricate  sepals.  Corolla  of  4-9 
petals.  Andi'oecium  of  numerous  stamens,  the  filaments  wholly  or  partially 
united.  Gynoeeium  of  2  or  more  united  carpels.  Fruit  baccate,  drupa- 
ceous, or  capsular. 

1.  CLUSIA    [Plum.]    L.     Shrubs  or  trees,  often  epiphytic.     Leaf -blades 

leathery.     Flowers  solitary  or  few  together.     Petals  4-9.     Ovary  8-10-celled. 

Capsule  leathery. 

Fruits  slightly  elongate  or  globular:   stigmas   12-14.  1.  C.flava. 

Fruits  depressed :  stigmas  6-8.  2.  C.  rosea. 

1.  C.  flava  Jacq.  Tree  sometimes  20  m.  tall:  young  plants  starting  and  grow- 
ing for  some  time  as  tree-parasites:  leaf -blades  cuneate-obovate,  1-2.5  dm. 
long,  many-ribbed :  sepals  suborbicular :  petals  yellow,  obovate,  2.5-3  mm.  long : 
capsule  pyrif orm  or  globular :  seeds  in  pulp.  —  Sum.  &  fall. 

The  Balsam-tree  was  collected  in  the  hammocks  on  Key  West  many  years  ago. 
It  has  not  been  observed  in  recent  years.     The  wood  has  not  been  studied.      {W.  I.) 

2.  C.  rosea  L.  Tree  similar  to  C.  flava  in  habit,  but  leaves  rather  larger:  cap- 
sule depressed. 

The  Fat-poek  was  collected  in  hammocks  on  Big  Pine  Key  many  years  ago.  It 
has  not  been  observed  in  recent  years.  The  wood  has  not  been  studied.  Also 
known   as  Monkey-apple.      (TT.  7.) 

Family  3.     TAMARICACEAE.     Tamarisk  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  partially  herbaceous  plants.  Leaves  alternate: 
blades  entire,  often  scale-like.  Flowers  mainly  jDerfect,  sometimes  in  pro- 
fuse panicles.  Calj-x  of  5,  or  4  or  6,  sepals.  Corolla  of  5,  or  4  or  6,  petals, 
Androecium  of  5  or  many  stamens.  Gynoeeium  of  2-5  united  carpels. 
Ovary  1-celled.     Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.  TAMARIX  L.  Irregularly  branching  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  scale- 
like, clasping  or  sheathing.  Flowers  borne  in  plume-like  panicles.  Capsule 
many-seeded. 

1.  T.  gallica  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  weak  branches,  the  branchlets 
clothed  with  the  imbricate  leaves:  panicles  with  numerous  spikes:  sepals  about 


PAPAYACEAE.  73 

0.5  mm.  long :  petals  white  or  pinkish :  capsules  about  1  mm.  long.  —  Sum. 
&  fall. 

The  Tamarisk,  a  native  of  southern  Europe,  grows  on  roadsides  and  in  thicliets 
in  northern  and  peninsular  Florida.  The  reddish  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained, 
rather  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.      {Cont.) 

Family  4.    THEACEAE.     Camellia   Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  perfect  and  showy. 
Calyx  of  5,  or  rarely  4-7,  imbricate  sepals.  Corolla  of  5,  or  rarely  of  4r-7, 
petals.  Androecinm  of  numerous,  or  rarely  few,  stamens.  Gynoecium  of 
3-5  partially  or  wholly  united  carpels.  Fruit  mostly  capsular,  sometimes 
indehiscent. 

1.  GORDONIA  Ellis.  Trees.  Leaves  persistent.  Flowers  long-pedicelled. 
Sepals,  and  petals,  5,  concave.  Stamens  borne  on  a  5-lobed  disk.  Style  terete. 
Capsule   loculicidal. 

1.  G.  Lasianthus  (L.)  Ellis.  Large  tree:  leaf -blades  narrowly  elliptic  or 
oblanceolate,  5-15  cm.  long,  appressed-serrate :  sepals  8-10  mm.  in  diameter: 
corolla  5-7  cm.  broad:   capsules  ovoid,  15-18  mm.  long.  —  Sum. 

The  Loblollt-bay  grows  in  swamps  and  hammocks  in  northern  Florida  and 
the  northern  half  of  the  peninsula.  The  red  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  light,  and 
soft.      (Cont.) 

Order  PASSIFLORALES. 

Herbs,  trees,  or  shrubby  plants,  or  succulent  trees  with  milky  sap. 
Leaves  alternate:  blades  entire  or  lobed.  Flowers  perfect  or  dioecious. 
Calyx  of  4  or  5  more  or  less  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  distinct  or 
united  petals,  sometimes  accompanied  by  a  fringed  crown,  or  rarely  want- 
ing. Androecium  of  5  stamens,  or  of  10  stamens  in  2  equal  rows. 
Gynoecium  of  3-5  united  carpels.  Ovary  superior.  Fruit  a  berry  or  a 
capsule. 

Family  1.    PAPAYACEAE.     Papaw  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  with  ample  lobed  blades.  Corolla  salver- 
shaped.  Stamens  10 :  filaments  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Anthers  erect. 
Fruit  baccate,  borne  near  the  top  of  the  stem. 

1.  CARICA  L.  Plants  with  milky  juice,  the  stems  rather  tender,  simple 
or  branched.  Leaf-blades  palmately  or  pinnately  lobed.  Staminate  flowers  in 
long-peduncled  cymes:  pistillate  flowers  in  short-peduneled  cymes.  Berries 
nearly  sessile,  many-seeded. 

1.  C.  Papaya  L.  Tree  3-8  m.  tall,  leafy  at  the  top:  leaf -blades  suborbieular 
in  outline,  mostly  2-8  dm.  in  diameter,  long-petioled :  staminate  flowers  with 
obtuse  calyx-lobes  and  a  corolla  over  2.5  cm.  long:  pistillate  flowers  with 
deltoid  or  ovate  calyx-lobes  and  corolla-lobes  25-40  mm.  long:  berries  oblong 
to  subglobose,  7-32  cm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  Papaw,  a  native  of  tropical  America,  grows  in  woods,  hammocks  and 
waste  places  in  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  whitish  wood  is 
coarse-grained,   light,   soft,   and  spongy.      ( 11'.   7.) 

Order  PROTEALES. 

Perennial  herbs,  or  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  oppo- 
site :  blades  simple  or  compound.     Flowers  perfect,  or  occasionally  polyg- 


74  LAUEACEAE. 

amous  or  dioecious.  Perianth  of  4  valvate  distinct  or  partially  united 
sepals.  Androecium  of  4  stamens,  one  borne  on  each  sepal.  Gynoecium 
a  single  carpel.  Ovary  superior,  often  oblique.  Fruit  indehiscent,  or 
often  follicular  or  capsular. 

Family  1.    PROTEACEAE.     Protea  Family. 

Leaf-blades  simple,  entire,  toothed,  or  divided.  Flowers  borne  in 
spikes,  racemes,  or  panicles,  which  are  commonly  congested.  Calyx, 
androecium,  and  gynoecium,  various,  often  vei-y  irregular. 

1.  GREVILLEA  E.  Br.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  often  pinnately 
parted.  Flowers  borne  in  racemes  or  panicles,  sometimes  irregular.  Ovary 
stipitate.  Style  often  protruding  from  the  cleft  of  the  calyx.  Fruit  follicular 
or  1-  or  2-valved.     Seeds  flat,  often  winged. 

1.  G.  robusta  A.  Cunn.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall:  leaf- blades  2-4  dm.  long: 
panicle  showy:  the  racemes  1-2  dm.  long,  many-flowered:  sepals  9-11  mm. 
long :   follicles  recurved,  the  bodies  1.5-2  cm.  long,  slender-beaked.  —  Spr. 

The  SiLK-OAK,  a  native  of  Australia,  grows  in  waste  places  and  on  roadsides  in 
northern  Florida  and  the  northern  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  wood  is  close-grained, 
hard,  and  tough.      {W.  I.) 

Order   THYMELEALES. 

Shiaibs  or  trees,  or  partially  herbaceous  plants.  Leaves  opposite  or 
alternate,  the  blades  simple,  rarely  mere  scales,  or  obsolete.  Flowers 
perfect,  polygamous,  or  dioecious,  regular  or  nearly  so.  Calyx  of  5  or 
fewer  sepals.  Corolla  wanting  (in  our  species).  Androecium  of  as  many 
stamens  as  there  are  sepals  or  of  twice  as  many.  Anthers  opening  by  slits 
or  hinged  valves.  Gynoecium  a  single  carpel.  Ovai-y  inferior.  Ovules 
mostly  solitary.     Fruit  usually  baccate  or  drupaceous. 

Family  1.    LAURACEAE.    Laurel  Family. 

Aromatic  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite :  blades  entire 
or  lobed.  Flowers  in  open  or  congested  cymes.  Calyx  of  5  (or  rarely 
4-10)  sepals  in  2  series.  Corolla  wanting.  Androecium  of  usually  more 
stamens  than  there  are  sepals,  in  2-4  series,  those  of  the  third  series 
usually  glandular-appendaged,  those  of  the  fourth  series  mostly  mere 
staminodia.    Gj'noecium  a  single  carpel.    Ovary  1-celled.    Fruit  drupaceous. 

Leaves  persistent ;  blades  not  lobed  :  flower  clusters  branched. 

Leaf-blades  several-ribbed.  1.   Camphora. 

Leaf-blades   pinnately   veined. 

Three  rows  of  stamens  with  perfect  anthers  :  calyx  decidu- 
ous, or  persistent  and  appressed  to  the  fruit. 
Calyx  persistent :  fruit  seated  on  the  calyx.  2.  Tamala. 

Calyx  deciduous  :  fruit  seated  on  the  hypanthium. 

Fruit  oblique  :  hypanthium  not  fleshy.  3.   Persea. 

Fruit  not  oblique  :  hypanthium  fleshy.  4.  Ocotea. 

One   row    of   stamens    only   perfect :    calyx   persistent   as    a 

lateral  flange  on  the  hypanthium.  ^.  Misanteca. 

Leaves  deciduous  ;  blades  lobed  :  flower-clusters  umbel-like.  C.   Sassafras. 

1.  CAMPHORA  [Gronov.]  L.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate  or 
opposite,  persistent:  blades  entire.  Flowers  in  panicled  axillary  cymes.  Style 
slender.     Stigma  minute.     Drupe  equilateral,  as  broad  as  long,  or  nearly  so. 


LAUEACEAE.  75 

1.  C.  Camphora  (L.)  Karst.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  elliptic  to 
ovate,  4-12  cm.  long,  short-acuminate,  pale  beneath,  long-petioled :  panicles 
slender-peduncled :  sepals  1-1.5  mm.  long:  drupes  globose  to  oval-globose,  6-9 
mm.  in  diameter.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Camphor-tree,  a  native  of  China  and  Japan,  grows  in  woods  and  thickets 
in  peninsular  Florida.  The  brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  light,  and  weak. 
(W.  I.) 

2.  TAMALA  Eaf.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate,  persistent:  blades 

entire.     Elowers    in    axillary    peduncled    cymes.     Sepals    6,    dissimilar.     Style 

long-columnar:   stigma  capitate.     Drupe  equilateral. — Spr. 

Peduncles,  pedicels  and  petioles  glabrous  or  appressed-pubescent :  fruit  over  1  cm. 
thick. 
Leaf-blades  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  except  sometimes  the  nerves 
beneath. 
Leaf-blades  finely   reticulated  beneath,   mainly   over  thrice 

as  long  as  wide.  1.   T.  Borbonia. 

Leaf-blades  not  reticulated  beneath,  mainly  about  twice  as 

long  as  wide.  2.   T.  littoraUs. 

Leaf-blades   lustrous-pubescent   beneath.  3.   T.  humilis. 

Peduncles,  pedicels  and  petioles  tomentose  :  fruit  less  than  1  cm. 

thick.  4.  T.  piiiescens. 

1.  T.  Borbonia  (L.)  Small.  Large  tree,  the  bark  broken  into  flat  ridges:  leaf- 
blades  elliptic  or  elliptic-oblong,  5-15  cm.  long,  often  acuminate  at  both  ends, 
bright-green  and  lustrous  above,  glaucescent  and  finely  reticulate  beneath: 
sepals  ascending,  the  inner  ovate,  2-3  times  longer  than  the  outer,  acutish: 
fruit  obovoid  or  globose-obovoid,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  dark-blue  or  nearly  black, 
lustrous.     [Laurus  Borionia  L.     Persea  Bordonia   (L.)   Sarg.] 

The  Red-bay  grows  in  swamps  and  low  hammocks  nearly  throughout  peninsular 
Florida.  The  red  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  strong,  but  brittle.  Also 
known  as  Sweet-bay  and  Florida-mahogany.      (Cont.) 

2.  T.  littoralis  Small.  Tree  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  elliptic  or  oblong-elliptic, 
2-5.5  cm.  long,  mostly  obtuse  at  the  apex,  bright-green  and  lustrous  above, 
pale  and  glabrous  beneath,  not  reticulate,  the  lateral  veins  inconspicuous: 
fruits  globular,  12-14  mm.  long,  purple-black  under  the  bloom.  [Persea 
littoralis  Small.] 

The  SiiORE-BAY  grows  in  coastal  hammocks  along  the  lower  two-thirds  of  the 
eastern  coast.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (Endemic.) 

3.  T.  humilis  (Nash)  Small.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  twigs,  lower  leaf- 
surfaces  and  the  inflorescence  silky-pubescent:  leaf -blades  elliptic  or  oblong, 
4-10  cm.  long,  more  or  less  revolute,  glabrous  and  shining  above,  lustrous 
beneath:  sepals  erect,  obtuse,  the  inner  oblong,  5  mm.  long:  fruits  globular, 
about  1.5  cm.  long,  purplish-black  under  the  bloom.     [Persea  humilis  Nash.] 

The  SiLK-BAY  grows  in  scrublands  in  central  peninsular  Florida.  The  wood 
has  not  yet  been  studied.      {Endemic.) 

4.  T.  pubescens  (Pursh)  Small.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs,  lower  leaf- 
surfaces  and  inflorescence  tomentose :  leaf -blades  narrowly  elliptic  or  elliptic- 
lanceolate,  or  rarely  oval,  5-20  cm.  long,  usually  obtuse,  often  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  slightly  revolute:  sepals  erect,  acutish,  the  inner  oblong-obovate, 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  outer:  fruits  oval,  8-11  mm.  long,  dark-blue  with  a 
thin  bloom.     [Persea  puhcscens  (Pursh)  Sarg.] 

The  SwAMP-BAY  grows  in  hammocks  or  swamps  nearly  throughout  Florida. 
The  orange  and  brown-streaked  heart-wood  is  close-grained,"  heavy,  and  soft,  but 
strong.     Also  known  as  Swamp  red-bay.      (Cont.,  Bah.) 

3.  PERSEA  [Plum.]  Gaertn.  Trees.  Leaves  alternate,  persistent :  blades 
entire.  Flowers  in  terminal  panicled  cymes.  Sepals  6,  similar,  united  at  the 
base.    Style  subulate:  stigma  minute.    Drupe  inequilateral. 

1.  P.  Persea  (L.)  Cockerell.  Tree  with  wide-spreading  branches:  leaf -blades 
elliptic  or  oval  or  nearly  so,  8-15  cm.  long,  short-petioled  (relatively  small  and 


76  LAUEACEAE. 

with  long  and  slender  petioles  in  P.  Persea  mexicana)  :  inner  sepal  4-5  mm. 
long,  somewhat  surpassing  the  outer:  fruits  slightly  elongate,  often  pyriform, 
8-18  cm.  long,  the  flesh  butter-like.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Avocado,  a  native  of  tropical  America,  grows  in  woods  and  hammocks  in 
southern  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Florida  Kevs.  The  brown  heart-wood  is 
rather  coarse-grained,  light,  and  soft.     Also  known  as  Alligator-pear.      (Cont.) 

4.  OCOTEA  Aubl.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  persistent:  blades 
entire.  Flowers  in  panicled  cymes.  Sepals  6,  nearly  similar,  somewhat  elon- 
gate, spreading.  Style  cylindric:  stigma  capitate.  Drupe  somewhat  elongate, 
seated  in  the  cup-like  hypanthium  from  which  the  calyx  has  fallen  away. 

1.  O.  Catesbyana  (Michx.)  Sarg.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  narrowly 
elliptic  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  5-12  cm.  long,  lustrous  above:  calyx  creamy- 
white,  8-9  mm.  broad;  sepals  obtuse:  drupes  subglobose  or  oval,  10-15  mm. 
long,  dark  blue  or  black,  seated  in  the  red  or  yellow  hypanthium.  —  Spr. 

The  Lancewood  grows  in  hammocks  mostly  near  the  coast  in  the  lower  half 
of  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Everglade  Kevs  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The 
dark-brown  heart-wood   is  close-grained,   heavy,   and   hard.      {W.  I.) 

4.  MISANTECA  Cham.  &  Schlecht.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate, 
persistent:  blades  entire.  Flowers  inconspicuous,  in  panicled  cymes.  Sepals  6, 
nearly  similar,  short,  erect,  about  as  long  as  the  enlarged  portion  of  the  hypan- 
thium. Style  columnar:  stigma  minute,  surrounded  by  the  3  erect  stamens. 
Drupe  slightly  elongate,  seated  in  the  cup-like  hypanthium  which  is  bordered 
by  the  persistent  calyx. 

1.  M.  triandra  (Sw.)  Mez.  Tree  with  somewhat  flaky  bark:  leaf -blades  elliptic- 
oblong  or  oval,  4.5-11  cm.  long,  abruptly  acuminate,  but  often  blunt,  lustrous 
above:  calyx  whitish,  2-2.5  mm.  broad;  sepals  obtuse:  fruits  acorn-like,  the 
drupe  ovoid  or  oblong-ovoid,  2—2.5  cm.  long,  green,  the  hypanthium  reddish. 

The  MiSANTECA  grows  in  Brickell  hammock  on  the  Everglade  Keys,  below 
Miami.     The  wood  has  not  been  studied.      {Cuha,  Jamaica.) 

6.  SASSAFRAS  Nees.  Trees.  Leaves  alternate,  deciduous:  blades  lobed 
or  partially  entire.  Flowers  in  axillary  clustered  cymes.  Style  columnar: 
stigma  depressed.     Drupe  somewhat  elongate. 

1.  S.  Sassafras  (L.)  Karst.  Large  tree  with  ridged  bark:  leaf -blades  3-lobed, 
or  rarely  entire  or  2-lobed:  flowers  greenish-yellow:  sepals  6,  narrowly  oblong, 
2.5-3  mm.  long:  drupes  oval,  8-10  mm.  long,  red  or  orange.  —  Spr. 

The  Sassafras  grows  in  woods  and  fields  in  middle  Florida.  The  orange- 
brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  rather  light,  weak,  and  brittle,  but  durable. 
(Cont.) 

Order  MYRTALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  sometimes  aquatic  or  amphibious.  Leaves 
alternate  or  oj^posite.  Flowers  regular  or  irreg-ular,  complete  or  much 
reduced.  Hypanthium  merely  enclosing  the  ovary  or  adnata  to  it.  Androe- 
cium  of  few  or  many  stamens :  anthers  opening  by  slits  or  pores.  Gynoe- 
cium  1-severaI-carpellary.    Fruit  capsular,  baccate,  or  achene-like. 

Anthers  opening  by  pores.  Fam.  1.  Melastomaceae. 

Anthers  opening  by  longitudinal  valves. 

Hypanthium  merely  enclosing  the  ovary.  Fam.  2.  Lythraceae. 

Hypanthium  adnate  to  the  ovary  or  mainly  so. 
Cotyledons  spirally  convolute  in  the  embryo, 
bvarv    several-celled :    ovules    numerous,    not 

pendulous.  Fam.  .S.   Punicaceae. 

Ovarv  1-celled:  ovules  2-5,  pendulous.  Fam.  4.  Teeminaliaceae. 


PUNICACEAE.  77 

Cotyledons  not  spirally  convolute. 

Sepals  imbricated  or  united  and  the  calyx  fall- 
ing away  as  a  cap  :  leaves  without  stipules.         Fam.  5.   Myrtaceae. 
Sepals  valvate  :    leaves   with   stipules.  Fam.  6.  Rhizophoraceae. 

Family  1.    MELASTOMACEAE.     Meadow-beauty  Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite :  blades  with  3-several  ribs. 
Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  3-6  sepals  surmounting'  the  hypanthium. 
Corolla  of  3-6  oblique  petals.  Androecium  of  6-12  stamens,  those  opposite 
the  petals  sometimes  abortive.  Gynoecium  of  3-5  united  carpels.  Ovary 
enclosed  in  or  adnate  to  the  hypanthium.     Fruit  baccate  or  capsular. 

1.  TETRAZYGIA  L.  C.  Eich.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  3-5-ribbed, 
mostly  scurfy  or  tomentose  beneath.  Sepals,  and  petals,  4  or  5.  Ovary  4-  or 
5-celled.     Berry  included,  the  hypanthium-neck  short. 

1.  T.  bicolor  (Mill.)  Cogn.  Small  tree  with  scaly  bark  or  shrub:  leaf -blades 
lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  8-20  em.  long,  silvery  beneath,  stout-petioled : 
jianicle  1-2  dm.  long:  calyx  about  1  mm.  long:  petals  white,  7-8  mm.  long, 
cuneate:  anthers  lanceolate,  5-6  mm.  long:  berries  purple  or  black,  the  body 
8-10  mm.  long.  —  Winter   &  spr. 

The  TETRAZYGIA  grows  in  hammocks  and  pinelands  on  the  Everglade  Keys.  The 
white   heart-wood   is    close-grained   and   rather   heavy.      {Bah.,   Cuba.) 

Family  2.    LYTHRACEAE.     Loosestrife  Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  opposite :  blades  usually 
entire.  Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals,  commonly  accompanied 
by  accessory  teeth.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of 
few  or  many  stamens :  anthers  versatile.  Gynoecium  of  mostly  2-6  united 
carpels.  Ovary  2-6-celled,  or  rarelj'^  1-eelled,  free  from  the  hypanthium. 
Fruit  a  capsule,  included  in  the  hypanthium. 

1.  LAGERSTKOEMIA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  persistent:  blades 
short.  Flowers  in  terminal  panicles.  Sepals  6.  Petals  6,  the  blades  crisped. 
Stamens  numerous.     Capsule  loculicidally  3-C-valved. 

1.  L.  indica  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  obovate  or  oval,  1-2.5  cm. 
long,  entire:  sepals  shorter  than  the  hypanthium:  petals  purple,  pink,  or 
nearly  white,  the  blades  crisped:  capsules  oval-globose,  8-9  mm.  long. 

The  Crape-myrtle,  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  grows  in  fields  and  on  road- 
sides throughout  Florida,  except  the  southern  part.      (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

Family  3.    PUNICACEAE.     Pomegranate  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite  or  nearly  so,  persistent :  blades 
simple.  Flowers  perfect,  solitaiy  or  in  short-peduncled  axillary  clusters. 
Hypanthium  leathery.  Calyx  of  5-7  sepals.  Corolla  of  5-7  wrinkled 
petals.  Androecium  of  numerous  stamens  in  several  series:  anthers 
versatile.  Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels.  Ovary  inferior.  Fruit 
a  several-celled  berry  crowned  with  the  calyx,  the  seeds  in  a  watery  pulp. 

1.  PUNICA  [Tourn.]  L.  Leaf-blades  entire.  Flowers  showy.  Sepals 
persistent  on  the  fruit.     Petals  deciduous.     Berry  pendulous. 

1.  P.  Granatum  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  oval,  elliptic,  or  oblong, 
varying  to  broadest  above  or  below  the  middle,  1-8  cm.  long:  sepals  triangular 


78  TEKMINALIACEAE. 

to  triangular-lanceolate:  petals  scarlet,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long:  berries  siibglobose  or 
spheroidal,  5-10  cm.  in  diameter.  —  All  year. 

The  Pomegranate,  a  native  of  southern  Europe,  grows  in  woods  and  waste 
places  nearly  throughout  Florida.  The  light-yellow  wood  is  close-grained  and 
heavy.     (IF.  7.) 

Family  4.     TERMINALIACEAE.     AYhite-maxgron'e  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  woody  vines.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite :  blades 
simple,  leathery.  Flowers  often  apetalous,  regular,  perfect  or  polygamous, 
racemose  or  capitate.  Calyx  of  4-5  valvate  deciduous  or  rarely  persistent 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4-5  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  twice,  or 
rarely  thrice,  as  many  stamens  as  the  sepals.  Filaments  distinct.  Gynoe- 
cium  a  single  carpel.  Ovary  1-celled.  Style  terminal.  Stigma  entire  or 
nearly  so.  Fruit  drupaceous  or  berry-like,  indehiscent,  often  crowned 
with  the  accrescent  calyx. 

Sepals  deciduous  :  corolla  wanting. 

Flowers  in  heads  :  hypanthium  flattened  :  fruits  small,  in   a 

cone-like  head.  1.   Conocarpus. 

Flowers  in  spikes  :  hypanthium  terete  :  fruits  separate,  large.      2.   Teejiinalia. 
Sepals  persistent. 

Corolla  wanting :  leaves  alternate.  3.  Bucida. 

Corolla  present :  leaves  opposite.  4.   Laguxcularia 

1.  CONOCARPUS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  per- 
fect, in  spicate  or  panicled  heads.  Hypanthium  not  ribbed.  Stamens  5. 
Fruit  capitate. 

1.  C.  erecta  L.  Tree  sometimes  20  m.  tall  or  shrub,  with  glabrous  or  fine-silky 
foliage:  leaf -blades  elliptic  to  oval,  2-5  cm.  long,  entire:  heads  9-1-i  mm.  in 
diameter  at  maturity:  drupes  2-winged,  4-7  mm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  BUTTONWOOD  grows  in  coastal  hammocks  and  on  sandy  shores  in  peninsular 
Florida,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  yellow-brown  heart- 
wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

2.  TEEMINALIA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  large,  clustered  near  the 
ends  of  the  branches.  Flowers  in  simple  or  branched  spikes.  Hypanthium  not 
ribbed.     Calyx  deciduous.     Stamens  10.     Fruits  spicate. 

1.  T.  Catappa  L.  Tree  sometimes  17  m.  tall  or  more  with  spreading,  often 
whorled  branches:  leaf -blades  cuneate  or  oblanceolate :  spikes  5-15  cm.  long: 
hypanthium  and  calyx  8-11  mm.  long:  calyx-lobes  longer  than  the  tube: 
drupes  elliptic  or  nearly  so,  glabrous.  —  All  year. 

The  Indian-almond,  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  grows  in  peninsular  Florida 
and  the  Keys.     The  red-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.     {W.  I.) 

3.  BUCIDA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  small,  clustered.  Flowers  in 
clustered  spikes.  Hypanthium  swollen.  Calyx  persistent.  Stamens  10.  Fruits 
spicate. 

1.  B.  buceras  L.  Tree  sometimes  15  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  spatulate  to  obovate, 
oval,  or  elliptic:  spikes  3-10  cm,  long:  hypanthium  and  calyx  4-5  mm.  long: 
calyx-lobes  shorter  than  the  tube:  drupes  ovoid-conic  or  tiask-shaped,  pubes- 
cent. —  Spr. 

The  Black-olive  grows  in  hammocks  on  Elliotts  Key.  The  yellow-brown  heart- 
wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  and  hard.      (TF.  I.) 

4.  LAGUNCULARIA  Gaertn.  f.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite. 
Flowers  polygamous,  in  simple  or  branched  spikes.  Hypanthium  ribbed.  Petals 
mostly  shorter  than  the  sepals.     Stamens  10.    Fruit  spicate  or  paniculate. 


MYRTACEAE.  79 

1.  L.  racemosa  (L.)  Gaertn.  f.  Tree  sometimes  20  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades 
oblong,  var^ying  to  oval  or  obovate,  2  3  cm.  long,  entire:  spikes  3-6  cm,  long: 
drupes  oblong-obovoid,  2  em.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  WI^TE-MA^•GRO^•E  grows  on  s.indy  shores  and  in  coastal  hammocks  of 
peninsular  Florida,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  yellow- 
brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.  Also  known  as  White-button- 
wood,      (ir.  I.) 

Family  5.    MYRTACEAE.    Myrtle  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  rarely  herbs,  abounding  in  pungent  and  aromatic 
volatile  oil.  Leaves  opposite,  or  rarely  alternate  or  whorled :  blades  often 
simple,  pellucid-punctate,  flat,  terete  or  semiterete,  often  with  nerves 
parallel  with  the  margins.  Flowers  perfect,  regular.  Calyx  of  4  or  5,  or 
many,  valvate  or  imbricate,  persistent  sepals,  or  cap-like  and  deciduous. 
Petals  borne  on  the  margin  of  a  hypanthium  or  wanting.  Androecium  of 
numerous  stamens,  or  very  rarely  of  as  many  as  the  sepals.  Gynoecium 
compound.  Ovary  inferior  or  partly  so,  1-many-celled.  Styles  united. 
Fruit  sometimes  dehiscent,  often  crowned  with  the  calyx. 

Calyx  of  several  persistent  valvate  sepals  :  petals  present. 
Calyx  of  regularly  separating  sepals. 

Inflorescence   centripetal  :    flowers    in   raceme-like,    umbel- 
like or  contracted   clusters.  1.   Eugenia. 
Inflorescence  centrifugal  :  flowers  in  cymes.  2.  Anamomis. 
Calyx  of  irregulary  separating  sepals.        "                                      3.   Psiditjm. 
Calyx   lid-like,   deciduous  :    petals   wanting.                                          4.   CALVPTRANTnES. 

1.  EUGENIA  [Mich.]   L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf -blades  not  prominently 

ribbed.     Flower-clusters   short-peduncled   or  sessile.     Berry  crowned  with  the 

persistent  calyx.     Seeds  1-4.  — Stopper. 

Flowers  in  very  short  racemes. 

Leaf-blades  broadest  above  the  middle  :  fruit  longer  than  broad.        1.  E.  huxifoUa. 
Leaf-blades  broadest  below  the  middle  :  fruit  broader  than  long.        2.  E.  axillaris. 
Flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  or  in  umbel-like  clusters. 

Leaf-blades  acute  or  slightly  acuminate  :  corolla  about  10  mm. 

broad  :   fruit  much  broader  than   long.  3.  E.  procera. 

Leaf-blades    abruptly    and    conspicuously    acuminate :     corolla 

about  6  mm.  broad  :  fruit  as  long  as  broad.  4.  E.  confusa. 

1.  E.  buxifolia  (Sw.)  Willd.  Small  tree,  the  bark  scaly,  or  shrub:  leaf-blades 
cuneate  to  nearly  oblong,  2-4  cm.  long,  much  paler  beneath  than  above: 
corolla  4-5  mm.  broad;  petals  longer  than  wide:  fruits  oval  or  oblong- oval, 
6-7  mm.  broad,  black.  —  Sum. 

The  Spanish-stopper  grows  in  coastal  hammocks  in  the  lower  half  of  penin- 
sular Florida  or  further  north  on  the  eastern  coast,  and  those  of  the  Everglade 
Keys  and  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  and  red-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
very  heavy,  and  hard.      {W.  I.) 

2.  E.  axillaris  (Sw.)  Willd.  Small  tree,  the  bark  fissured,  or  shrub:  leaf- 
blades  elliptic-ovate  to  nearly  elliptic,  3-5  cm.  long,  slightly  paler  beneath  than 
above :  corolla  5-6  mm.  broad ;  petals  mostly  wider  than  long :  fruits  spheroidal, 
10-12  mm.  broad,  black.  —  Sum. 

The  White-stopper  grows  in  the  coastal  hammocks  of  the  lower  eastern  coast 
and  those  of  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  and  red-tinged 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      {W.  I.) 

3.  E.  procera  (Sw.)  Poir.  Tree,  the  bark  smooth:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  ellip- 
tic, 3-6  cm.  long,  slightly  acuminate:  corolla  12-14  mm.  broad;  petals  slightly 
longer  than  the  sepals:  fruits  spheroidal,  16-22  mm.  broad,  orange  tinged  with 
red,  or  black  at  maturity.  —  Spr. 

The  Red-stopper  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  lower  Florida  Keys.  The  pale- 
brown  heart-wood  is   close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (If.  7.) 

4.  E.  confusa  DC.  Tree,  the  bark  scaly:  leaf -blades  ovate,  oval-ovate,  or 
oblong-ovate,    3-5    cm.    long,   markedly    acuminate:    corolla   4-6    mm.    broad; 


80  MYETACEAE. 

petals  about  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals:  fruits  subglobose  or  globose-obovoid, 
5-6  mm.  broad,  scarlet.     [E.  Garberi  Sarg.]  —  Fall. 

The  Iroxwood  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys. 
The  red-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

2.  ANAMOMIS  Griseb.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  not  ribbed.  Cymes 
sessile  or  long-peduncled,  sometimes  1-flowered.  Berry  crowned  with  the  per- 
sistent calyx.     Seeds  1  or  2  or  many. 

Cymes   markedly   peduncled   and  several-flowered :   seapls   suborbicnlar   or   renifofm  : 

petals  3-4  mm.  long:  seeds   1  or  2,  large.  1.  A.  dicrana. 

Cymes   usually  sessile   and   1-flowered  :   sepals   oblong  to   ovate : 
petals  6-8  mm.  long  :  seeds  numerous,  small. 
Petals  4-5  mm.  long  :  calyx  less  than  1  cm.  wide.  2.  A.  longipcs. 

Petals  6-7  mm.  long  :  calyx  over  1  cm.  wide.  3.  A.  hahamensis. 

1.  A,  dicrana  (Berg.)  Britton.  Small  tree  becoming  8  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf- 
blades  oblong  to  cuneate  or  obovate-euneate,  2-4  cm.  long:  terminal  flowers  of 
each  cyme  sessile:  corolla  8-9  mm.  wide;  petals  white,  fully  twice  as  long  as 
the  sepals:  fruits  6-7  mm.  in  diameter:  seeds  dull. 

The  Naked-stopper  grows  in  hammocks  in  the  coastal  region  of  the  lower 
half  of  peninsular  Florida,  somewhat  further  north  on  the  eastern  coast,  and  on 
the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  light-brown  or  red  heart-wood  is 
close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (TF.  7.) 

2.  A.  longipes  (Berg)  Britton.  Small  tree  or  shrub  with  prostrate-diffuse  or 
sometimes  erect  stems:  leaf -blades  mainly  ovate  or  oval,  1-3.5  cm.  long,  finely 
reticulate:  terminal  flower  of  each  cyme  long-stalked:  corolla  12-14  mm. 
wide;  petals  white  or  pink,  much  longer  than  the  sepals:  fruits  6-9  mm.  in 
diameter.     [E^^genia  longipes  Berg.] 

The  Long-stalked  stopper  grows  in  pinelands  and  about  hammocks  on  the 
Everglade  Keys  and  Florida  Keys.     The  wood  has  not  been  studied.      (TF.  I.) 

3.  A.  bahamensis  (Kiaersk)  Britton.  Shrub  with  diffuse  branches,  or  a  small 
tree:  leaf-blades  orbicular,  oval,  or  elliptic,  or  somewhat  ovate,  mostly  2-4  cm. 
long,  very  thick,  shining  above,  obscurely  reticulate  beneath:  peduncles  and 
pedicels  strongly  flattened:  corolla  about  1.5  cm.  wide;  petals  white  or  nearly 
so:  fruits  about  1  cm.  in  diameter. 

The  Bahaman-stopper  grows  in  pineland  on  Big  Pine  Key.  The  wood  has 
not  yet  been   studied.      (IF.   I.) 

3.  PSIDIUM  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  prominently  many-ribbed. 
Flowers  solitary  or  few  together.  Fruit  crowned  with  the  persistent  calyx. 
Seeds  very  numerous. 

1.  P.  Guajava  Eaddi.  Tree  sometimes  8  m.  tall,  with  roughish  bark,  or  a 
shrub:  leaf-blades  oblong  or  nearly  so,  4-8  cm.  long,  pubescent  beneath:  sepals 
9-15  mm.  long:  petals  15-20  mm.  long:  berries  globular  or  pyriform,  3-6  cm. 
in  diameter.  —  All  year. 

The  Guava,  a  native  of  tropical  America,  grows  in  hammocks,  pinelands, 
thickets  and  fields  in  many  parts  of  peninsular  Florida  and  on  the  Keys.  The 
brown  or  reddish  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.     (TF.  I.) 

4.  CALYPTEANTHES   Sw.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  not  ribbed. 

Flowers  in  terminal  panicles.     Calyx  cap-like,  deciduous.     Berry  crowned  with 

the  top  of  the  hypanthium.    Seeds  1  or  2. 

Calyx-lid  not  mammillate.  hypanthium  pubescent :  leaf-blades  manifestly  petioled. 

1.  C.  palJens. 
Calyx-lid  mammillate :  hypanthium  glabrous :  leaf-blades  sessile  or 

nearly  so.  2.  C.  Zuzygium. 

1.  C.  pallens  (Poir.)  Griseb.  Tree  becoming  9  m.  tall,  the  bark  light  gray 
or  nearly  white,  smooth  or  ultimately  scaly,  the  branchlets  2-edged,  or  a  shrub: 
leaf-blades  elliptic  or  oval,  varying  to  broader  above  or  below  the  middle,  3-5 


EHIZOPHOEACEAE.  81 

cm.  long,  or  rarely  larger,  mostly  short-acuminate,  pubescent  beneath,  at  least 
when  young,  manifestly  petioled:  inflorescence  pubescent:  hypanthium  about 
2  mm.  wide  during  anthesis:  calyx  pubescent,  less  than  2  mm.  in  diameter: 
fruits  subglobose  or  oval,  5-7  mm.  in  diameter,  pubescent:  seeds  about  4.  mm. 
long.     [Chytraculia  Chytraculia  (L.)  Millsp.] 

The  Spicewood  grows  In  hammocks  of  the  lower  eastern  coast,  and  on  the 
Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  or  red-tinged  heart-wood  is 
close-grained,   very   heavy,   and   hard.      (W.  I.) 

2.  C.  Zuzygium  (L.)  Sw.  Tree  becoming  12  m.  tall,  the  bark  pale  gray, 
smooth,  the  branchlets  terete,  or  a  shrub:  leaf -blades  oval  or  elliptic,  varying 
to  ovate  or  obovate,  4-6  cm.  long,  obtuse  or  abruptly  blunt-tipped,  glabrous, 
sessile  or  nearly  so:  inflorescence  glabrous;  hypanthium  about  4  mm.  wide 
during  anthesis:  calyx  glabrous,  3.5-4  mm.  wide:  fruits  subglobose  or  spher- 
oidal, 8-10  mm.  in  diameter,  glabrous:  seeds  about  5  mm.  long. 

The  Myktle-of-the-eiver  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys.  The 
wood  has  not  been  studied.      (IF.  I.) 

Family  6.    RHIZOPHORACEAE.     Mangrove  Family. 

Maritime  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  usually  opposite:  blades  entire  or 
toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  solitary  or  variously  clustered.  Calyx  of  3  or  4 
valvate  sepals.  Corolla  of  3  or  4  petals.  Androecium  of  twice,  or  thrice 
as  many  stamens  as  sepals,  or  of  4  times  as  many.  Gynoecium  of  2-5 
united  carpels.  Ovary  inferior,  at  least  partly  so.  Styles  united.  Fruit 
a  leathery  beriy  crowned  with  or  surrounded  by  the  calyx. 

1.  EHIZOPHORA  L.  Evergreen  trees.  Leaf-blades  leathery,  entire. 
Flowers  2-&everal  in  peduncled  clusters.  Sepals  4,  leathery.  Petals  4,  leathery. 
Stamens  4-12.  Ovary  2-celled,  provided  with  a  fleshy  cone  at  maturity.  Fruits 
pendulous,  the  seed  germinating  and  sending  out  a  long  radicle  before  the 
fruits  fall. 

1.  R.  Mangle  L.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall,  with  a  pale  ultimately  furrowed 
bark,  or  shrub,  forming  impenetrable  thickets  on  salt  and  brackish  shores: 
leaf -blades  elliptic  to  elliptic-obovate,  5-15  cm.  long:  sepals  lanceolate,  about 
10  mm.  long:  petals  pale  yellow,  linear  or  nearly  so:  fruits  2-3  cm.  long,  the 
radicle  becoming  several  dm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  ^IA^■GI^o^■E  grows  along  the  coasts  of  southern  peninsular  Florida  and  on 
the  shores  of  creeks  and  rivers  to  the  limit  of  salt  or  brackish  water,  and  on  the 
Florida  Keys.  The  reddish-brown  and  often  streaked  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
very  heavy,  and  hard.      (IF.  7.) 

Order  AMMIALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite:  blades 
simple  or  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  or  dioecious,  often 
borne  in  umbels.  Calyx  of  typically  5  small  sej^als  surmounting  the 
hypanthium.  Corolla  typically  of  5  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of 
as  many  stamens  as  the  sepals.  Gynoecium  2-carpellar3'  or  rarely  several- 
1-carpellary.  Ovaiy  inferior.  Fruit  drupaceous  or  baccate,  or  dry  and 
then  a  cremocarp. 

style  single:  leaves  opposite.  Fam.  1.   Nvssaceae. 

Styles  several  :  leaves  alternate.  Fam.  2.   Hederaceae. 

Trees  of  Florida  G. 


82  NYSSACEAE. 

Family  1.    NYSSACEAE.     Dogwood  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  rarely  partly  herbaceous  plants.  Leaves  opposite 
or  alternate :  blades  usually  entire.  Flowers  perfect  or  unisexual,  borne 
in  naked  or  involucrate  open  or  congested  cymes.  Calyx  of  mostly  4  or  5 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5,  or  rarely  more,  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium 
of  usually  as  many  stamens  as  the  sepals.  Gynoecium  of  1  or  of  2-4 
united  carjDels.     Styles  united.     Fruit  mostly  a  drupe. 

Flowers  dioecious  or  polygamo-dioecious  :  stigmas  lateral.  1.   NrssA. 

Flowers  perfect :  stigmas  terminal. 

Flowers  in  open  cymes,  not  subtended  by  an  involucre :  fruit 

surmounted  by  the  style.  2.   Svida. 

Flowers  in  a  bead  subtended  by  a   large  involucre :  fruit  sur- 
mounted by  the  calyx.  3.  Ctnoxylon. 

1.  NYSSA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  terete  branches.  Leaves  alternate, 
deciduous.  Flowers  polygamo-dioecious,  the  staminate  with  5-several  sepals 
and  5-many  stamens,  the  pistillate  with  5  sepals  and  a  1-celled  pistil.  Drupe 
somewhat  elongate.  —  Spr. 

Pistillate  flowers  2-several  together :  drupes  1-2  cm.  long,  the  stone  with  rounded 

ridges. 
Pistillate   flowers   usually    2  :    stone   of   the   drupe   prominently 

ridged.  1.   .V.  hi  flora. 

Pistillate  flowers   3   or   more  :   stone   of  the   drupe   indistinctly 

ribbed.  2.  y.  sylvutica. 

Pistillate   flowers   solitary :    drupes   3-4    cm.    long,   the   stone   with 

acute  or  winged  angles. 
Leaf-blades  abruptly   pointed :   pedicel  shorter  than  the  fruit.      3.  N.  Ogeche. 
Leaf-blades  acuminate :  pedicel  longer  than  the  fruit.  4.  N.  aguatica. 

1.  N.  biflora  Walt.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  with  longitudinally  ridged  bark: 
leaf -blades  oblanceolate,  oblong,  elliptic,  oval,  or  rarely  obovate,  5-15  cm.  long: 
drupes  oval  or  elliptic,   10-13  mm.  long. 

The  Water-gum  grows  in  swamps  or  shallow  ponds  in  northern  Florida  and 
the  northern  half  of  the  peninsula.  The  white  or  yellowish  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  and  soft,  but  tough.     Also  known  as  Black-gum.     iCont.) 

2.  N.  sylvatica  Marsh.  Tree  becoming  50  m.  tall,  with  angular-checked  bark: 
leaf-blades  oval  or  obovate,  or  rarely  oblanceolate,  5-15  cm.  long:  drupes  oval, 
15-17  mm.  long. 

The  Black-gum  grows  in  rich  woods  and  hammocks  in  northern  Florida  and 
the  northern  half  of  the  peninsula.  The  white  or  yellowish  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  and  soft,  but  very  tough.     Also  known  as  Sour-gum.     (Cont.) 

3.  N.  Ogeche  Marsh.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall:  leaf-blades  oblong,  varying 
to  oblanceolate  or  lanceolate,  or  rarely  oval,  5-20  cm.  long;  petioles  about  1 
cm.  long:  drupes  .3-4  cm.  long,  red;  stone  papery-winged. 

The  Ogeechee-lime  grows  in  river-swamps  in  northern  Florida.  The  white 
heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  light,  and  soft,  but  tough.      (Cont.) 

4.  N.  aquatica  L.  Tree  becoming  35  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  elliptic, 
9-30  cm.  long;  petioles  2-5  cm.  long:  drupes  nearly  3  cm.  long,  dark-purple; 
stone  sharp-ridged. 

The  Tupelo-gum  grows  in  river-swamps  in  northern  Florida.  The  whitish  or 
pale-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  light,  and  soft,  but  tough.      (Cont.) 

2.  SVIDA  Opiz.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite  or  rarely  alternate. 
Flowers  in  naked  corymb-like  cymes.  Sepals  4,  minute.  Petals  4,  white, 
spreading.     Stamens  4.     Drupe  globular  or  depressed. 

1,  S.  stricta  (Lam.)  Small.  Small  tree  with  smoothish  bark  or  shrub:  leaf- 
blades  elliptic,  oval,  or  ovate,  4-12  cm.  long:  petals  linear-oblong  to  linear- 
lanceolate  :   drupes  5-6  mm.  in  diameter,  pale-blue.  —  Spr. 

The  CoKNEL  grows  in  swamps  in  northern  Florida  and  the  ad.iacent  parts  of 
the  peninsula.     The  brownish  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.     (Cont.) 


ERICACEAE.  83 

3.  CYNOXYLON  Raf.  Trees.  Leaves  opposite.  Flowers  perfect,  borne 
in  involuerate  heads.  Sepals  4,  broadly  ovate  to  oblong.  Petals  4,  greenish 
or  yellow-green,  recurving.     Stamens  4.     Drupe  elongate.  —  Dogwood. 

1.  C.  floridum  (L.)  Raf.  Tree  sometimes  15  m.  tall,  with  rough  black  bark, 
or  shrub:  leaf -blades  elliptic  to  oval,  5-18  cm.  long,  pale  beneath:  involucral 
bracts  white  or  pink,  obovate,  4-6  cm.  long:  petals  linear,  3-4.5  mm.  ?ong: 
drupes  oblong  to  oval,  about  15  mm.  long,  red.  —  Spr. 

The  Flowering-dogwood  grows  in  woods  in  northern  Florida,  and  in  the 
peninsula  to  the  lake  region.  The  pale-brown  heart-wood  is  very  close-grained, 
heavy,   hard,  and  strong.      (Cont.) 

Family   2.     HEDERACEAE.     Ivy   Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple  or 
compound.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  often  umbellate.  Calyx  of  5 
sepals,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  5  or  10  petals.  Gyuoecium  of  2-5  united 
carpels.     Styles  often  distinct.    Fruit  a  berry  or  a  drupe. 

1.  ABALIA  [Tourn.]  L.  Perennial  herbs,  or  shrubs  or  trees,  sometimes 
prickle-armed  or  spiny.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  pinnately  or  ternately  com- 
pound.   Umbel  compound.    Ovary  mostly  5-celled.    Styles  distinct.    Fruit  black. 

1.  A,  spinosa  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  prickle-armed:  blades  of  the  leaflets 
leathery:  hypanthium  broad-turbinate:  petals  longer  than  the  hypanthium: 
berries  6-7  mm.  in  diameter :   seeds  about  4  mm.  long.  —  Sum. 

The  Prickly-ash  grows  in  rich  woods  and  swamps  in  northern  Florida.  The 
brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  light,  soft,  and  weak.  Also  known  as  Hercules' 
club.      (Cont.) 

Series  2.     GAMOPETALAE. 

Petals  more  or  less  united,  or  occasionally  distinct,  or  very 
rarely  wanting. 

Order  ERICALES. 

Herbs,    undersbrubs,    shrubs,    or    trees,    sometimes    humus-plants    or 

saprophytes.     Leaves  alternate,  often  evergreen :  blades  simple.     Flowers 

mainly  perfect  and  complete.     Calyx  of  2-8,  usually  5,  partially  united 

sepals.     Corolla  of  2-8,  usually  5,  mostly  united  petals.    Androecium  of  as 

many  or  twice  as  many  stamens  as  petals,  sometimes  partially  reduced  to 

staminodia :  filaments  mostly  free.     Gynoeeium  of  several  united  carpels. 

Fruit  capsular,  baccate,  or  drupaceous. 

Gynoeeium    with    a    superior    ovary  :    fruit    capsular.  Fam.  1.   Ericace.ve. 

Gynoeeium    with   an   inferior   ovary :   fruit   baccate   or   dru- 
paceous. Fam.  2.  Vacciniaceab. 

Fa^mily  1.     ERICACEAE.     Heath   Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  undersbrubs.  Leaves  often  persistent :  blades  com- 
monly leathery.  Flowers  typically  perfect.  Calyx  of  4-7  distinct  or 
partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4-7  distinct  or  partially  united  petals, 
sometimes  slightly  2-lipped.  Androecium  of  as  many  or  twice  as  many 
stamens  as  there  are  petals :  anthers  opening  by  pores,  chinks  or  valves. 
Gynoeeium  of  2-7  united  cari)els.    Fruit  a  capsule. 


84  VACCINIACEAE. 

Corolla  rotate  :   capsule  septicidal.  1.  Kalmia. 

Corolla  not  rotate  :  capsule  loculicidal. 

Anther-sacs  opening  by  pores  :  capsules  very  short,  sometimes 

depressed.  2.   Xolisma. 

Anther-sacs  opening  lengthwise  :   capsules  elongate.  3.  Oxydendeon. 

1.  "KATiMIA  L.  Evergreen  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  opposite, 
or  whorled:  blades  entire.  Calyx  persistent:  lobes  5,  leathery.  Corolla  regu- 
lar, white  or  pink,  rotate,  the  lobes  obtuse:  tube  short,  with  10  sacs.  Stamens 
10:  filaments  elastically  straightening  at  maturity:  anthers  short,  attached 
near  the  top.     Capsule  spheroidal. 

1.  K.  latifolia  L.  Tree  becoming  12  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  often  fuzzy 
when  young:  leaf -blades  elliptic  to  oval,  5-12  cm.  long,  glabrous:  sepals  oblong 
to  oblong-ovate,  about  2  mm.  long:  corolla  white  or  pink,  20-25  mm.  v^ide: 
capsules  5-7  mm.  wide.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Calico-bush  grows  in  woods  or  on  shaded  banks  in  western  Florida.  The 
brown  and  red-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.  Also 
known  as  Laurel  or  Mountain-laurel.      (Cont.) 

2.  XOLISMA  Eaf.  Evergreen  or  deciduous-leaved  shrubs  or  trees. 
Leaves  alternate:  blades  entire  or  nearly  so.  Flowers  in  racemes,  panicles, 
or  clusters.  Calyx-lobes  typically  5-  (4-6-)lobed.  Filaments  unappendaged: 
anthers  awnless.     Capsule  erect  on  an  erect  pedicel,  with  thick  valve-margins, 

1.  X.  ferruginea  (Walt.)  Heller.  Evergreen  tree  sometimes  5  m.  tall  or  shrub: 
leaves  not  much  reduced  in  size  at  the  ends  of  the  branches ;  blades  elliptic,  oval, 
obovate,  or  oblanceolate,  2.5-7  cm.  long,  scarcely  reticulate:  corolla  2.5-3  mm. 
long,  angled  at  the  base:  capsules  4.5-5  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Xolisma  grows  in  hammocks  and  scrublands  in  northern  Florida  and  in  the 
peninsula  as  far  south  as  the  Everglade  region.  The  brown  and  red-tinged  heart- 
wood   is   close-grained,   heavy,   and   hard,  but  weak.      (Cont.) 

3.  OXYDENDEON  DC.  Deciduous-leaved  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alter- 
nate: blades  serrate.  Flowers  drooping  in  horizontally  expanded  panicles. 
Calyx-lobes  5,  persistent.  Corolla  white,  ovoid  or  conic,  5-lobed.  Filaments 
dilated,  pubescent  all  over:  anthers  linear,  awnless,  narrower  than  the  fila- 
ments. Stigma  entire.  Capsule  ovoid,  erect  on  a  recurved  pedicel,  the  valve- 
margins  thickened. 

1.  O.  arboreum  (L.)  DC.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades 
oblong,  elliptic,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  8-20  em.  long,  acuminate:  panicles  1-2 
dm.  long,  the  pedicels  strongly  curved  at  maturity:  calyx-lobes  ovate:  corolla 
6-7  mm.  long,  pubescent  like  the  calyx:  capsules  4-6  mm.  long,  pubescent. 
—  Sum. 

The  SoiiE-wooD  grows  in  open  woods  in  western  Florida.  The  brown  and 
red-tinged  heart-wood  is  very  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard,  but  rather  weak.  Also 
known  as  Sorrel-tree.      (Cont.) 

rA:i[iLY  2.     VACCINIACEAE.     Huckleberry   Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple.  Flowers  perfect, 
regular,  solitary  or  variously  clustered,  drooping.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals. 
Corolla  of  4  or  5  usually  partially  united  petals.  Androecium  of  twice  as 
many  stamens  as  there  are  corolla-lobes.  Gynoecium  of  several  united 
carpels,  the  ovarj'  wholly  or  J  inferior.    Fruit  a  berry  or  a  drupe. 

1.  BATODENDRON  Nutt.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  somewhat  persistent : 
blades  firm,  sometimes  glandular-denticulate.  Flowers  in  leafy-bracted  racemes 
or  panicles.    Sepals  5.    Corolla  canipanulate  or  globular-eampanulate.     Stamens 


THEOPHKASTACEAE.  85 

included:  anthers  tubular  at  the  top,  appeudaged.  Berry  globular,  rather 
astringent,  many-seeded. 

1.  B.  arboreum  (Marsh.)  Nutt.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oval  or 
obovate,  2.5-5  cm.  long,  lustrous  above:  racemes  usually  proliferous:  corolla 
white  or  pinkish,  5.5-6  mm.  long:  berries  5-6  mm.  in  diameter,  black.  —  Spr. 
The  Spaeklebekey  grows  In  sandy  woods  in  northern  Florida  and  in  the 
northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  and  red-tinged  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  and  hard.     Also  known  ns  Farkleberry.      (Cont.) 

Order  PRIMULALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite,  some- 
times all  basal.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-dioeeious,  variously  dis- 
posed. Calyx  of  2-several  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  2-several 
distinct  or  partially  united  petals.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as 
there  are  sepals  or  petals,  and  sometimes  accompanied  by  staminodia. 
Gynoecium  of  4-6  united  carpels,  or  rarely  more.  Fruit  capsular  or 
drupaceous,  or  rarely  an  aehene  or  a  utricle. 

Staminodia  at  the  corolla-sinuses  :  fruit  few-many-seeded.  Fam.  1.  Theophrastaceae. 
Staminodia  wanting:   fruit  1-seeded.  Fam.  2.  Aedisiaceae. 

Family  1.     THEOPHRASTACEAE.     Joe-wood  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite,  persistent:  blades  leathery,  entire. 
Flowers  perfect,  in  racemes,  corymbs,  or  panicles.  Calyx  of  5  imbricate 
sepals.  Corolla  eampanulate  or  rotate-salverfonn,  of  5  partially  united 
petals.  Androecium  of  5  stamens  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube,  and 
5  staminodia.     Gynoecium  of  5  united  carpels.     Fruit  a  drupe-like  berry^ 

1,  JACQUINIA  [Jacq.]  L.  Leaves  usually  numerous:  blades  thick  andi 
very  brittle.  Flowers  erect.  Calyx  persistent.  Corolla  deciduous.  Anthers 
extrorse.     Staminodia  very  broad.     Berries  erect. 

1.  J.  keyensis  Mez.  Tree  becoming  5  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  bark  pale:  leaf- 
blades  cuneate-spatulate  or  oblong-obovate,  1-5  cm.  long,  shining:  calyx-lobes 
2-3  mm.  long,  orbicular-ovate:  corolla  straw-colored;  lobes  longer  than  the 
tube:  staminodia  oblong,  erose:  berry  subglobose,  8-10  mm.  in  diameter. — 
All  year. 

The  Joe-wood  grows  in  hammocks  along  the  lower  portion  of  the  western  coast 
of  Florida,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  heart- 
wood  is  very  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

Family  2.     ARDISIACEAE.     Myrsine  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  alternate,  ours  persistent :  blades 
leathery,  entire.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-dioecious,  in  racemes, 
corymbs,  or  cymes,  sometimes  clustered  on  scaly  spurs.  Calyx  of  usually 
4-6  sepals.  Corolla  of  usually  4-6  partially  united  petals,  short-salver- 
foi-m  or  rotate,  often  streaked  or  dotted.  Androecium  of  mostly  4-6 
stamens,  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  of  mostly  4-6 
united  carpels.    Fruit  a  drupe-like  berry. 

Flowers  on  scattered  spurs:  corolla-lobes  not  reflexed  :  stigma  lobed.  1.  Rapanea. 
Flowers    in    terminal    panicles :    corolla-lobes    reflexed :    stigma    entire.     2.   Icacorea. 

1.  RAPANEA  Aubl.  Shrubs  or  small  trees.  Flower  inconspicuous,  clus- 
tered on  scaly  spurs,  stout-pedicelled.    Corolla  white  or  nearly  so :  lobes  ascend- 


83  EBENACEAE. 

ing  or  spreading.  Stamens  with  ascending  or  spreading  anthers.  Style  very 
short :  stigma  lobed. 

1.  R.  guianensis  Aubl.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  grayish  bark:  leaves  mostly 
near  the  ends  of  the  branchlets:  blades  obovate-oblong  or  nearly  oblong,  4-10 
cm.  long:  liower-clusters  scattered  along  the  branchlets:  sepals  broadly  ovate: 
corolla-lobes  oblong,  unequal :   fruit  about  4  mm.  in  diameter.  —  All  year. 

The  Myrsike  grows  in  the  coastal  hammocks  of  the  northern  portion  of  pen- 
insular Florida,  as  far  north  as  Volusia  county  on  the  eastern  coast,  on  hammock 
islands  in  the  Everglades,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The 
yellowish-brown   heart-wood  is   close-grained,   heavy,   and   hard.      (W.  I.) 

2.  ICACOREA  Aubl.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Flowers  conspicuous,  in  panicles, 
cymes,  or  clusters,  slender-pedicelled.  Corolla  white  or  pink,  and  often  purple- 
streaked:  lobes  recurved.  Stamens  with  converging  anthers.  Style  elongate: 
stigma  minute,  entire. 

1.  I.  paniculata  (Nutt.)  Sudw.  Small  tree  or  .shrub,  with  white  or  whitish 
bark:  leaves  scattered;  blades  oblanceolate  to  elliptic,  4-18  cm.  long:  panicles 
terminal:  calyx-lobes  ovate  to  obovate:  corolla-lobes  oblong:  fruit  7-8  mm.  in 
diameter.  —  Sum.  &  fall. 

The  Marlbeery  grows  in  coastal  hammocks  along  the  southern  two-thirds  of 
the  eastern  side  of  peninsular  Florida  and  the  southern  half  of  the  western  side, 
and  in  hammocks,  and  as  a  shrub  in  pinelands,  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  on  the 
Florida  Keys.  The  deep-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.  Also 
known  as  Cherry.    (W.  I.) 

Order  EBENALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  alternate,  opposite,  or  wliorled :  blades  simple. 

Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious.     Calyx  of  3-12  partially  united 

sepals.     Corolla  of  3-12  partially  united  petals.     Androecium  of  as  many 

stamens  as  there  are  corolla-lobes  or  twice  as  many  or  more,  sometimes 

accompanied    by    staminodia.      Gynoecium    of    3-several    united    carpels. 

Pruit  capsular  or  baccate. 

styles  or  stigmas  distinct :  flowers  mostly  monoecious  or  dioecious. 

Fam.  1.   Ebexaceae. 
Styles  and  stigmas  united :  flowers  mostly  perfect. 

Stamens   as  many  as   the   corolla-lobes,   at   least  in   our 

representatives.  Fam.  2.   Sapotaceae. 

Stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes  or  more. 

Stamens  in  several'  series.  Fam.  3.   Symplocaceae. 

Stamens  in  1  series.  Fam.  4.   Styracaceae. 

Family  1.    EBENACEAE.     Ebony  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  alternate:  blades  entire.  Flowers 
solitary  or  in  cymes.  Calyx  of  3-7  partially  united  sepals,  persistent, 
accrescent.  Corolla  of  3-7  partially  united  petals,  often  ureeolate.  Androe- 
cium of  3  or  4  times  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  corolla-lobes.  Gynoe- 
cium of  3-several  united  carpels.     Fruit  a  berry  or  sometimes  capsular. 

1.  DIOSPYBOS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  scattered:  blades  entire. 
Calyx  3-7-lobed.  Stamens  with  pubescent  filaments  and  anthers  opening  length- 
wise.    Berry  spheroidal  or  elongated. 

1.  D.  virginiana  L.  Tree  becoming  35  m.  tall,  the  bark  very  rough,  or  shrub: 
leaf -blades  ovate,  oval,  or  elliptic,  8-20  cm.  long,  acute  or  acuminate:  corolla 
8-13  mm.  long;  lobes  reniform:  berries  3-4  cm.  in  diameter,  astringent  when 
green.  —  Spr. 

The  Persimmon  grows  in  sandy  woods,  nearly  throughout  the  Florida  main- 
land, and  in  the  Everglades.  The  dark-brown  or  nearly  black  heart-wood  Is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  and  very  hard.     Also  known  as  Date-plum.      (Cont.) 


SAPOTACEAE.  87 


Family  2.     SAPOTACEAE.     Sapodilla  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  with  milky  sap,  sometimes  thorny.  Leaves  mostly 
alternate :  blades  entire.  Flowers  perfect  or  rarely  polygamous,  clustered. 
Calyx  of  4^12  slightly  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4^12  partially  united 
l^etals,  with  or  without  appendages  at  the  sinuses  of  the  lobes.  Androe- 
cium  of  usually  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  corolla-lobes,  commonly 
accompanied  by  staminodia.  Gynoeeium  of  several  united  carpels.  Fruit 
a  several-celled  berry,  or  by  suppression  1-celled. 

Corolla-lobes  without  dorsal  appendages. 

Staminodia  wanting.  1.   Chetsophyllum. 

Staminodia  present. 

Ovary  10-12-celled.  2.   Sapota. 

Ovary  2-5-celled. 

Corolla-lobes   entire. 

Seeds  with  endosperm.  3.   Sideroxylon. 

Seeds  without  endosperm.  4.  Lucuma. 

Corolla-lobes  with  a  large  median  lobe  and  2  smaller 
lateral  lobes. 
Ovary  glabrous  :   endosperm   copious.  5.  Dipholis. 

Ovary  pubescent :   endosperm   wanting  or  scant.      6.   Bumelia. 
Corolla  lobes  with  dorsal  appendages.  7.  Mimusops. 

1.  CHEYSOPHYLLUM  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  commonly 
lustrous-pubescent  beneath.  Calyx-lobes  mostly  5.  Corolla,  like  the  calyx, 
often  pubescent:  lobes  mostly  5,  entire.  Anthers  emarginate  and  apiculate. 
Style  wanting:  stigma  lobed. 

1.  C.  olivaeforme  L.  Evergreen  tree,  becoming  10  m.  tall,  the  twigs  closely 
pubescent :  leaf -blades  leathery,  oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  3-10  cm.  long,  lustrous- 
pubescent  beneath:  calyx-lobes  suborbicular,  1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  white, 
about  5  mm.  wide;  lobes  suborbicular:  berries  oval,  about  2  cm.  long,  dark- 
purple. —  All  year. 

The  Satikle-af  grows  in  hammocks  along  the  lower  two-thirds  of  the  eastern 
coast  of  peninsular  Florida  and  along  the  lower  portion  of  the  western  coast,  and 
in  the  hammocks  of  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  and  red- 
tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (IF.  I.) 

2.  SAPOTA  Mill.  Trees.  Leaf-blades  glabrous.  Calyx-lobes  6,  or  rarely 
5,  pubescent.  Corolla  glabrous:  lobes  6,  or  rarely  5,  toothed.  Anthers  blunt. 
Staminodia  nearly  as  long  as  the  corolla-lobes.  Style  elongate:  stigma  minute. 
Berry  spheroidal  or  elongate,  rough. 

1.  S.  Achras  Mill.  Tree  with  rusty-tomentose  twigs:  leaves  and  flowers  ap- 
proximately at  the  ends  of  branchlets:  blades  oblong  to  elliptic,  varying  to 
broadest  above  or  below  the  middle,  5-12  cm.  long:  pedicels  rusty-tomentose, 
about  as  long  as  the  petioles:  calyx-lobes  8-10  mm.  long:  corolla  8-10  mm. 
long;  lobes  about  i  as  long  as  the  tube:  berries  ovoid  or  depressed,  4-8  cm. 
in  diameter.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Sapodilla,  a  native  of  the  West  Indies,  grows  in  hammocks  in  southern 
peninsular  Florida  and  the  Keys.  The  red-striped  wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and 
hard.      (IF.  /.) 

3.  SIDEROXYLON  [Dill.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  not  lustrous- 
pubescent.  Calyx-lobes  5-6.  Corolla  glabrous:  lobes  5-6,  entire.  Anthers 
notched.  Staminodia  much  shorter  than  the  corolla-lobes.  Style  columnar: 
stigma  truncate. 

1.  S.  foetidissimum  Jacq.  Evergreen  tree  becoming  25  ni.  tall:  leaf -blades 
thin-leathery,  oblong  to  oval  or  rarely  ovate,  4-1.5  cm.  long,  glabrous  at 
maturity:  calyx-lobes  suborbicular,  about  2  mm.  long:  corolla  light-yellow,  6-7 


SAPOTACEAE. 


mm.  wide;  lobes  oblong  to  ovate-oblong:   staminodia  lanceolate:   drupes  oval, 
2-2.5  cm.  long,  yellow.  —  All  year. 

The  Mastic  grows  in  hammocks  along  the  coast  of  the  lower  half  of  peninsular 
Florida,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  orange-colored 
heart-wood  is  close-grained  heavy,  hard,  and  strong.  Also  known  as  Wild-olive. 
(W.  I.) 


4.  LUCUMA  Juss.  Trees.  Leaf-blades  more  or  less  elongate,  usually 
broadened  upward.  Calyx-lobes  5,  in  1  or  2  series.  Corolla  white  or  pale: 
lobes  5,  entire  or  nearly  so.  Staminodia  slender,  shorter  than  the  corolla-lobes. 
Ovary  5-celled,  or  sometimes  4-6-celled:  style  columnar:  stigma  slightly  dilated. 
Berry  globular,  or  slightly  elongated,  smooth. 

1.  L.  nervosa  A.  DC.  Small  tree  with  spreading  branches;  leaf -blades  oblong 
to  elliptic,  10-20  cm.  long,  acute  or  acutish:  calyx-lobes  5,  the  inner  ones 
rounded  at  the  apex:  corolla  7-9  mm.  long;  lobes  ovate:  staminodia  subulate: 
fruits  globose-ovoid,  5-7  cm.  long,  smooth,  usually  2-  or  3-seeded. 

The  Egg-feuit^  a  native  of  northern  South  America,  grows  in  hammocks  on 
the  upper  Florida  Keys.     The  wood  has  not  been  studied.      (W.  /.) 

5.  DIPHOLIS  A.  DC.  Shrubs  or  small  tres.  Leaf-blades  mostly  gla- 
brous. Calyx-lobes  5,  pubescent.  Corolla-lobes  5,  each  3-lobed,  shorter  than 
the  tube.     Staminodia  petaloid.     Endosperm  copious. 

1.  D.  salicifolia  (L.)  A.  DC.  Evergreen  tree  becoming  16  m.  tall  or  shrub: 
leaf -blades  elliptic  to  elliptic-oblanceolate,  5-12  cm.  long:  calyx-lobes  ovate  to 
oblong,  1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  4  mm.  wide;  lobes  oblong  or  oval:  staminodia 
ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  laciniate-toothed :  berries  oval  or  subglobose,  about 
8  mm.  in  diameter,  black.  —  All  year. 

The  BusTic  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys. 
The  red  or  dark-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  and  hard.  Also 
known  as  Cassada.      (W.  I.) 

6.  BUMELIA  Sw.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  mostly  pubescent  be- 
neath. Calyx-lobes  5.  Corolla-lobes  5,  each  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  suborbicu- 
lar,  longer  than  the  tube.  Staminodia  petaloid.  Endosperm  wanting  or  very 
scant. 

Leaf-blades   glabrous. 

Berries  oblong-cylindric  :  leaf -blades  leathery,  smooth,  shining.    1.  B.  angustifoUa. 

Berries  oval :  leaf-blades  herbaceous,  reticulate,  dull.  2.  B.  lycioides. 

Leaf-blades   copiously  pubescent  beneath. 

Leaf-blades  woolly,  the  pubescence  red  or  brown,  dull.  3.  B.  lanuginosa. 

Leaf-blades  silky,  the  pubescence  white,  becoming  tawny  or 

coppery,  lustrous.  4.  B.   tenax. 

1.  B.  angustifolia  Nutt.  Evergreen  tree  becoming  8  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the 
twigs  glabrous:  leaves  relatively  few  and  not  crowded;  blades  oblanceolate  to 
oblanceolate-spatulate,  2-4  cm.  long,  smooth  and  glabrous:  calyx-lobes  ovate, 
2  mm.  long:  corolla  about  4  mm.  wide;  lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes  narrowly 
lanceolate,  irregularly  toothed:  staminodia  2.5  mm.  long,  lacerate:  berries  17-20 
mm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  Saffron-plum  grows  in  the  coastal  hammocks  of  the  lower  half  of  pen- 
insular Florida  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  or  orange- 
colored  heart-wood  is  very  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (TF.  J.) 

2.  B.  lycioides  (L.)  Gaertn.  Deciduous-leaved  small  tree,  or  shrub,  the  twigs 
glabrous:  leaf-blades  elliptic,  oblong,  or  rarely  oblanceolate,  4-12  cm.  long, 
dull  and  prominently  reticulate  on  both  sides:  calyx-lobes  oval  or  orbicular- 
ovate,  2  mm.  long:  corolla  about  5  mm.  wide;  lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes 
lanceolate  or  broadly  lanceolate,  1.5  mm.  long,  entire:  staminodia  ovate,  2-2.5 
mm.  long,  entire:  berries  oval,  fully  10  mm.  long.  —  Sum. 

The  Buckthorn  grows  in  rich  woods  and  along  rivers  in  northern  Florida  and 
the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  yellow  or  brown  heart-wood  is  close- 
grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (Vont.) 


SYMPLOCOCACEAE.  89 

3,  B,  lanuginosa  (Michx.)  Pers.  Deciduous-leaved  tree  becoming  2  m.  tall, 
or  shrub,  the  twigs  dull-tomentose:  leaf-blades  obloug-oblanceolate,  oblong- 
obovate,  or  elliptic,  3-8  cm.  long,  dull-tomentose  beneath:  calyx-lobes  sub- 
orbicular  or  orbicular-ovate,  about  3  mm.  long:  corolla  about  5  mm.  wide; 
lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes  lanceolate,  fully  1.5  mm.  long:  undulate:  stami- 
nodia  ovate,  2  mm.  long,  acute  or  acutish:  berries  oval  or  obovoid-oblong, 
10-15  mm.  long.  —  Sum. 

The  Gum-elastic  grows  in  sandy  woods  and  near  streams  in  northern  Florida 
and  the  adjacent  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  light-brown  or  yellow  heart-wood 
is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  rather  soft.      (Cont.) 

•i.  B.  tenax  (L.)  Willd.  Deciduous-leaved  tree  becoming  9  m.  tall,  or  shrub, 
the  twigs  lustrous-silky,  the  hairs  white,  becoming  tawny  or  copper-colored: 
leaf-blades  oblaneeolate,  obovate-spatulate,  or  obovate,  2-7  cm.  long,  lustrous- 
silky  beneath:  calyx-lobes  suborbicular,  1-1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  about  5  mm. 
wide;  lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  fully  1.5  mm. 
long,  undulate:  staminodia  ovate,  2  mm.  long,  obtuse:  berries  obovoid  or 
oblong-obovoid,  10-14  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  TouGn-BUCKTHGEN  grows  in  sandy  woods  mostly  near  the  coast  in  northern 
Florida  and  the  northern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  and  white-streaked 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,   heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 

7,  MIMTJSOPS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  leathery,  finely  many- 
veined.  Calyx-lobes  6  or  8,  the  outer  ones  valvate.  Corolla  with  dorsal  ap- 
pendages; lobes  6  or  8,  each  with  2  very  small  lateral  lobes.  Staminodia 
petaloid. 

1.  M.  emarginata  (L.)  Britton.  Evergreen  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall:  leaves 
clustered  at  the  ends  of  the  branchlets;  blades  oblong,  3-10  cm.  long:  calyx, 
like  the  pedicels,  red-tomentose;  lobes  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate:  corolla 
light-yellow,  1.5-2  cm.  wide:  staminodia  triangular:  berries  spheroidal,  nearly 
3  cm.  thick.  —  Spr. 

The  WiLD-DiLLT  grows  in  hammoclvs  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  dark-brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

Family  3.    SYMPLOCOCACEAE.    Sweetleaf  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  hairs,  when  present,  simple.  Leaves  alternate : 
blades  usually  leathery,  entire  or  toothed.  Flowers  polygamo-dioeeious  or 
perfect,  in  close  or  open  clusters.  Calyx  of  5  partially  united  sepals. 
Corolla  of  5  more  or  less  united  petals.  Androecium  of  numerous  stamens 
in  several  series,  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  of  2-5 
carpels,  the  ovary  superior.     Fruit  baccate  or  drupaceous. 

1.  SYMPLOCOS  Jacq.  Leaves  often  persistent:  blades  thick.  Inflo- 
rescence congested  or  open.  Calyx  often  persistent.  Corolla  -  deciduous. 
Stamens  conspicuous.     Style  columnar.     Fruits  often  crowned  with  the  calyx. 

1.  S.  tinctoria  (L.)  L'Her.  Evergreen  tree  or  small  shrub:  leaf-blades  ellip- 
tic, oblong,  or  oblong-oblaneeolate,  4-15  cm.  long,  undulate  or  shallowly 
toothed,  tomentose  beneath:  flowers  densely  clustered:  calyx  2-2.5  mm.  long; 
lobes  shorter  than  the  tube:  corolla  yellowish;  lobes  obovate  or  oiiovate- 
spatulate,  6-8  mm.  long:  stamens  exserted:  drupe  10-14  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Sweetleaf  grows  in  rich  or  sandy  woods  in  northern  Florida  and  the 
adjacent  portion  of  the  peninsula?  The  brown  or  whitish  wood  is  close-grained, 
rather  light  and  soft.     Also  known  as  Horse-sugar.      {Cont.) 

Family  4.     STYRACACEAE.     Storax  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  hairs  when  jiresent  branched  or  scurfy.  Leaves 
alternate:  blades  entire  or  shallowly  toothed.     Flowers  perfect,  in  racemes, 


90  OLEACEAE. 

• 

panicles,  cymes,  or  clusters.  Calyx  of  5,  or  4-8,  partially  united  sepals. 
Corolla  of  5,  or  4^8,  distinct  or  partially  united  petals.  Androecium  of 
8-16  stamens  in  one  series,  partially  adnata  to  the  corolla.  Gynoecium  of 
2-5  united  carpels,  the  ovaiy  sometimes  inferior.  Fruit  drupaceous  or 
capsular. 

1.  HALESIA    Ellis.      Shrubs    or    trees.      Leaves    with    thinnish    blades, 

deciduous.     Inflorescence  not  leafy-bracted.     Calyx  with  relatively  large  lobes. 

Corolla  with  nearly  erect  lobes  or  petals.     Anthers  oblong.     Ovules  4  in  each 

cavity,  1  pair  ascending,  1  pair  drooping.     [Morodendron  Britten.] — Spr. 

The  light  brown  heart-wood  of  the  following  species  is  close-grained,  light, 
and  soft. 

Corolla-lobes   longer   than   the  tube :   fruits   2-winged,   the   stipe   wholly   included   in 
the  wings.  1.  H.  dipt  era. 

Corolla-lobes  shorter  than  the  tube  :   fruits  4-winged,   the  base  of 

the  stipe  free.  2.  H.  Carolina. 

1.  H.  diptera  Ellis.  Tree  becoming  15  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  copiously 
pubescent :  leaf -blades  oval,  oblong,  or  obovate,  4-15  cm.  long,  coarsely  toothed : 
calyx  6-7  mm.  long,  densely  pubescent:  corolla  20-30  mm.  long;  lobes  pubes- 
cent without:   filaments  and  style  pubescent:   fruits  2-winged. 

The  SxowDROP-TREE  grows  in  woods  and  on  banks  of  streams  in  northern 
Florida.      (Cont.) 

2.  H.  Carolina  L.  Tree  becoming  25  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  sparingly 
pubescent  or  glabrous:  leaf -blades  oblong,  oval,  or  obovate,  5-17  cm.  long, 
finely  serrate:  calyx  5-6  mm.  long,  glabrous:  corolla  20-25  mm.  long;  lobes 
glabrous  without:  filaments  and  style  glabrous:  fruits  4-winged. 

The  SiLVEEBELL-TREE  grows  In  woods  in  northern  Florida  and  the  adjacent 
portion  of  the  peninsula.      (Cont.) 

Order  OLEALES. 

Shrubs,  trees,  undershrubs,  or  i^artially  herbaceous  plants.  Leaves 
opposite,  or  rarely  alternate  or  whorled:  blades  simple  or  compound. 
Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  or  dioecious.  Calyx  of  4  or  more  partially 
united  sei^als,  or  wanting.  Corolla  of  2-6  distinct  or  partially  united 
petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  2-4  stamens  partially  adnata  to  the 
corolla  when  it  is  present.  Gynoecium  of  2  united  carpels,  the  ovary 
superior.  Fruit  a  capsule,  a  samara,  or  a  beriy,  usually  1-celled  by 
suppression. 

Family  1.     OLEACEAE.     Olive  Family. 

Woody  or  partially  woody  plants  with  erect  or  climbing  stems. 
Leaves  predominantly  opposite:  blades  simple  and  entire  or  toothed,  or 
pinnately  compound. 

Fruit  dry,  a  samara  :  leaf-blades  pinnately  compound.  1.  Fraxixus. 
Fruit  fleshy,  drupe  or  berry  :  leaf-blades  simple. 

Corolla  wanting  or  obsolete  :  style  slender.  2.  Forestieka. 
Corolla  present :  style  stout. 

Corolla  rotate,  white ;   lobes  elongate.  3.  Chionanthus. 

Corolla  salverform,  greenish ;  lobes  short.  4.  Osmanthus. 

1,  FRAXINUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite:  blades 
unequally  pinnate.  Flowers  polygamous,  dioecious,  or  rarely  perfect,  in  clus- 
ters or  panicles.     Calyx  unequally  4-lobed,  or  obsolete.     Corolla  of  2-4  petals. 


OLEACEAE.  91 

or  wanting.  Stamens  2  or  rarely  3  or  4.  Stigma  2-lobed.  Samara  winged  at 
the  tip  or  all  around.  —  Spr.  —  Ash. 

Samara-body  flat,  the  wing  extending  to  its  base  or  around  it. 

Samara  spatulate  or  oblong-spatulate.  1.  F.  pauciflora. 

Samara  elliptic  to  ovate  or  obovate.  2.  /''.  caroliniana. 

Samara-body   terete,   the  wing   terminal    or   partly    decurrent. 
Wing  of  the  samara  extending  along  the  sides  of  the  body. 
Samara-body  stout,  not  clearly  defined  from  the  wing  : 

twigs,  petioles  and  pedicels  velvety-pubescent.  3.  F.  profunda. 

Samara-body    slender,    clearly   defined    from    the    wing : 

twigs,   petioles   and  pedicels  glabrous.  4.  F.  pennsylvanica. 

Wing  of  the  samara  terminal  or  nearly  so.  5.  F.  americana. 

1.  F.  pauciflora  Nutt.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  glabrous: 
leatiets  5-7;  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  lanceolate,  elliptic,  or  oblong  or  some 
of  them  ovate,  4-15  cm.  long,  undulate  or  repand:  samaras  4-6  cm.  long,  the 
wing  oblong  to  spatulate,  longitudinally  veined. 

The  Swamp-ash  grows  in  river-swamps  in  northern  Florida  and  the  northern 
portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  whitish  heart-wood  is  close-grained  but  light  and 
soft.      (Cont.) 

2.  F.  caroliniana  Mill.  Tree  sometimes  12  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  often 
pubescent:  leaflets  5-9,  usually  5-7;  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  elliptic-lanceo- 
late, 4-12  cm.  long,  shallowly  serrate  or  nearly  entire:  samaras  4-5  cm.  long, 
the  wings  elliptic,  or  nearly  so,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  pinnately  veined. 

The  Watek-ash  grows  in  river-swamps  in  northern  Florida  and  the  adjacent 
part  of  the  peninsula.  The  white  or  yellow-tinged  heart-wood  is  close-grained, 
light,  and  soft.      (Cont.) 

3.  F.  profunda  Bush.  Tree  sometimes  35  m.  tall,  the  twigs  pubescent:  leaflets 
7-9;  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  lanceolate-ovate,  elliptic  or  rarely  oblong,  6-12 
cm.  long,  entire  or  undulate:  .samaras  4-5  cm.  long,  the  wing  linear-oblong  or 
oblong-spatulate. 

The  Pumpkin-ash  grows  in  deep  river-swamps  in  middle  and  western  Florida. 
The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (Cont.) 

4.  F.  pennsylvanica  Marsh.  Tree  sometimes  20  m.  tall,  the  twigs  mainly  gla- 
brous: leaflets  5-7;  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  lanceolate  or  sometimes  elliptic, 
5-20  cm.  long,  entire,  or  serrate,  especially  near  the  apex:  samaras  3.5-6  cm. 
long,  the  wing  spatulate,  decurrent  to  the  middle  of  the  linear  body  or  near  it. 

The  Red-ash  grows  on  banks  of  streams  in  middle  and  western  Florida.  The 
light-brown  heart-wood  is   coarse-grained,  heavy,   and   hard.      (Cont.) 

5.  F.  americana  L.  Tree  becoming  40  m.  tall,  the  twigs  glabrous :  leaflets  5-9 ; 
blades  of  the  lateral  ones  lanceolate,  oblong,  or  elliptic,  5-15  cm.  long,  relatively 
thin,  entire  or  shallowly  toothed:  samaras  2.5-3.5  cm.  long,  the  wing  linear- 
spatulate  or  oblong-spatulate,  terminal  or  nearly  so  on  the  oblong-cylindric  body. 

The  White-ash  grows  in  rich  woods  in  middle  and  western  Florida.  The 
brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.  Also  known  as  American-ash. 
(Cont.) 

2.  FORESTIERA  Poir.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite:  blades  simple. 
Flowers  mostly  polygamo-dioeeious,  in  lateral  clusters.  Calyx  minute,  4-6- 
lobed,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  wanting,  or  rarely  of  1-2  deciduous  petals. 
Stamens  2-4.     Stigma  2-lobed.     Drupe  oblong  to  globular.     [Adelia  P.  Br.] 

Leaf-blades  entire,  obtuse  :  drupes  slightly  longer  than  thick,  straight.    1.  F.  porulosa. 
Leaf-blades  toothed,  acuminate  :   drupes  much  longer  than   thick, 

curved.  2.  F.  acuminata. 

1.  F.  porulosa  (Michx.)  Poir.  Small  tree  or  shrub  1-3  m.  tall,  the  twigs  gla- 
brous or  nearly  so:  leaf-blades  1.5-5  cm.  long,  oblong-lanceolate  to  spatulate. 
entire:  bracts  oval  or  suborbicular,  about  1.5  mm.  long,  ciliate:  drupes  oblong, 
7-8  mm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  Florida-privet  grows  in  coastal  hammocks  of  peninsular  Florida  and  the 
adjacent  parts.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied. 


92  APOCYNACEAE. 

2.  F.  acuminata  (Miehx.)  Poir.  Tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs 
glabrous:  leaf- blades  3-10  em.  long,  elliptic-oval  to  ovate-elliptic,  slightly- 
serrate:  bracts  rhombic,  5-6  cm.  long:  drupes  narrowly  oblong,  12-15  mm. 
long.  —  Spr. 

The  FoKESTiEEA  grows  on  river  banks  in  northern  Florida.  The  yellowish- 
brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained  and  rather  heavy,  but  soft.      (Cont.) 

3.  CHIONANTHUS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite,  deciduous: 
blades  simple.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  in  drooping  festoon-like  panicles. 
Calyx  deeply  4-lobed.  Corolla  white :  lobes  narrow,  many  times  longer  than  the 
tube.  Stamens  2:  filaments  aduate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Stigma  notched  or 
2-lobed.    Drupe  oval  to  subglobose. 

1.  C.  virginica  L.  Tree  rarely  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oval,  oblong, 
or  elliptic,  varying  to  obovate,  5-15  cm.  long:  panicles  5-20  cm.  long:  calyx- 
lobes  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acute:  petals  linear,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long:  drupes  1.5-2 
cm.  long,  deep-purple  or  nearly  black.  —  Spr. 

The  Fringe-tree  grows  in  rich  woods  or  on  banks  of  streams  in  northern 
Florida  and  in  the  peninsula  as  far  south  as  the  Everglade  region.  The  light  brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.  Also  known  as  Old-man's  beard. 
(Cont.) 

4.  OSMANTHUS  Lour.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite,  persistent: 
blades  simple.  Flowers  polygamous,  in  axillary  racemes  or  panicles.  Calyx 
prominently  4-lobed.  Corolla  greenish  or  white,  funnelform:  lobes  broad, 
about  as  long  as  the  tube,  or  longer.  Stamens  2 :  filaments  partially  adnate  to 
the  corolla-tube.     Stigma  entire  or  2-lobed.     Drupe  ovoid  or  globose.  —  Spr. 

Inflorescence-branches  glabrous :  drupes  dark-purple.  1.  O.  americana. 

Inflorescence-branches  pubescent :  drupes  yellowish-green.  2.  O.  floridana. 

1.  O.  americana  (L.)  B.  &  H.  Tree  becoming  15  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  bark 
pale:  leaf-blades  narrowly  elliptic,  varying  to  oblanceolate  or  lanceolate,  5-20 
cm.  long,  entire,  lustrous  above:  inflorescence-branches  and  calyx  glabrous: 
corolla  3-4  mm.  long:  drupes  10-14  mm.  long. 

The  Devilwood  grows  in  hammocks  in  northern  Florida  and  the  peninsula  to 
the  Everglade  region.  The  dark-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and 
very  tough.     Also  known  as  Wild-olive.      (Cont.) 

2.  O.  floridana  Chapm.  Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  relatively  larger 
throughout:  leaf-blades  relatively  broader:  inflorescence-branches  and  calyx 
pubescent:   corolla  4-5  mm.  long:   drupes  16-20  mm.  long. 

The  Florida  devilwood  grows  in  pinelands  and  on  sand-dunes  in  peninsular 
Florida.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (Endemic.) 

Order  ASCLEPIADALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs  or  trees,  commonly  with  a  milky  juice.  Leaves  alternate 
or  opposite :  blades  entire.  Inflorescence  cymose,  sometimes  umbellate. 
Calyx  of  usually  5,  partially  united,  sepals.  Corolla  of  usually  5  partially 
united  petals.  Androeeium  of  5  distinct  or  monadelphous  stamens.  Pollen 
gi'anular,  or  in  waxy  masses.  Gynoeeium  of  usually  2  carpels  sometimes 
only  united  at  the  apex.  Stigma  terminal.  Fruit  a  pair  of  follicles,  or 
drupaceous. 

Family  1.    APOCYNACEAE.    Dogbane  Family. 

Perennial  herbs,  vines,  shrubs  or  trees,  mostly  with  a  milky  acrid 
juice.     Leaf-blades  simple.     Androeeium  of  5  stamens  with  the  anthers 


SOLANACEAE.  93 

converging  around  the  stigma  or  partly  adhering  to  it.  Filaments  partially 
adnate  to  the  corolla-tube  Pollen-grains  simple.  Gynoecium  of  2  distinct 
carpels  or  2  united  carpels.  Styles  united.  Stigmas  simple.  Fruit  usually 
of  2  follicles  or  drupes.     Seed  often  appendaged. 

1.  NEE.IUM  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite:  blades 
relatively  narrow.  Corolla  salverform,  the  throat  eampanulate,  with  tootheil 
scales  at  the  mouth,  the  lobes  spreading,  broad.  Follicles  elongate. 
1.  N,  Oleander  L.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall,  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  narrowly 
elliptic  to  linear-elliptic,  6-15  cm.  long,  many-veined:  calyx-lobes  lanceolate, 
4.5-6  mm,  long:  corolla  white  to  rose-purple;  limb  3-4.5  cm.  wide,  the  lobes 
obliquely  apiculate:  follicles  1-2  dm.  long. 

The  Oleander,  a  native  of  the  Levant,  grows  on  roadsides  and  in  fields.     {W.  I.) 

Order  POLEMONIALES, 

Herbs,  or  sometimes  shrubs  or  trees,  the  plants  of  some  groups  para- 
sitic. Leaves  with  dilated  blades  or  scale-like.  Flowers  mainly  perfect. 
Calyx  of  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  partially  united  petals, 
regular  or  irregular,  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are 
corolla-lobes,  or  fewer,  sometimes  partially  represented  by  staminodia,  or 
partially  obsolete.  Gynoecium  of  2  distinct  or  several  united  carpels. 
Ovary  superior.  Fruit  a  capsule,  a  berry  or  a  drupe,  or  a  group  of  nut- 
lets or  utricle-like. 

Stamens   5. 

Fruits   baccate :    styles   wholly    united :    anthers   open- 
ing by  pores.        "  Pam.  1.  Solanaceae. 
Fruits    drupaceous :    styles    partially    united :    anthers 

opening  lengthwise.  Fam.  2.   Eheetiaceae. 

Stamens  4. 

Corolla  not  2-lipped. 

Fruits  drupaceous  :  sepals  united.  Fam.  3.  Verbexaceae. 

Fruits  capsular :  sepals  nearly  distinct.  Fam.  4.  Avicbnniaceae. 

Corolla  2-lipped. 

Placenta   of   the   ovary    axile :    calyx   5-lobed.  Fam.  5.  Rhinanthaceae. 

Placenta  of  the  ovary  parietal :  calyx  2-lobed.  Fam.  6.  Bignoniaceae, 

Family  1,     SOLANACEAE.     Potato  Family, 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  entire,  toothed, 
or  lobed.  Calyx  of  5,  (4-6),  more  or  less  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  5, 
(4-6),  more  or  less  united  petals.  Androecium  of  5,  (4-6),  stamens,  the 
filaments  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube,  Gynoecium  2-carpellary  or 
3-5-carpellary,     Fruit  a  berry  or  a  capsule, 

1,  SOLANUM  [Tourn.]  L,  Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  or  vines  or  trees. 
Leaf-blades  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Flowers  variously  clustered.  Calyx 
sometimes  accrescent.  Corolla  rotate,  of  various  colors:  lobes  longer  than  the 
tube.     Anthers  narrow,  converging  or  united,  much  longer  than  the  filaments. 

1.  S.  verb asci folium  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  oblong  to  oblong- 
ovate  or  ovate,  10-30  cm.  long,  velvety-tomentose,  entire:  calyx-lobes  ovate, 
ciliate,  obtuse:  corolla  white,  15-18  mm.  wide:  lobes  ovate  to  oval-ovate, 
acutish,  ciliate:  anthers  oblong:  ovary  pubescent:  berries  globular,  10-20  mm. 
in  diameter,  yellow,  —  All  year. 

The  Potato-tree  grows  in  hammocks,  or  rarely  in  plnelands  in  southern 
peninsular  Florida,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  Florida  Keys.  The  yellow  heart- 
wood    is    close-grained,    rather    light,    and    hard.      (^V.    I.) 


94  VEEBENACEAE. 

Family  2.     EHRETIACEAE.     Ehretia  Family. 

Shnibs,  trees,  or  sometimes  herbs.  Leaves  mainly  alternate:  blades 
mostly  entire.  Flowers  perfect,  cymose.  Calyx  of  5,  {4r-6),  partially 
united  sepals.  Corolla  of  5,  (4-6),  partially  united  petals.  Androecium 
of  5,  (4-6),  stamens,  the  filaments  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube. 
Gjnioecium  2-4-earpellary :  styles  2  and  distinct  or  partially  united,  or 
united  by  pairs.     Fruit  drupaceous  or  of  4  nutlets. 

Styles  4,  unequally  united  by  pairs  :  calyx  accrescent :  fruits  enclosed.        1.   Sebesten. 
Styles  2  :  calyx  not  accrescent :  fruits  not  enclosed.  2.  Bourrbhia. 

1.  SEBESTEN  Adans.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Flowers  in  open  clusters.  Sepals 
usually  united  to  above  the  middle.  Corolla  bright-colored,  shallowly  or 
deeply  lobed.  Filaments  adnate  to  above  or  below  the  middle  of  the  corolla- 
tube.     Fruits  included,  adnate  to  the  accrescent  calyx. 

1.  S.  Sebestena  (L.)  Britton.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  twigs  strigose:  leaf- 
blades  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  8-12  cm.  long,  undulate  or  repand:  calyx  14-19 
mm.  long ;  tube  cylindric :  corolla-lobes  much  shorter  than  the  tube.  —  All  year. 
The  Geiger-tree  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys.     The  dark-brown  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.     (W.  I.) 

2.  BOURRERIA  P.  Br.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Flowers  in  corymbose  cymes. 
Sepals  united  to  above  the  middle.  Corolla  white  or  colored,  prominently  lobed. 
Filaments  adnate  to  above  or  below  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube. 

Anthers    about    as    long    as  the   free    portion    of   the   filaments :    leaf-blades    short- 
petioled.  1.  B.  revoluta. 

Anthers  much  shorter  than  the  free  portion  of  the  filaments  :  leaf- 
blades  slender-petioled.  2.  B.  ovata. 

1.  B.  revoluta  H.B.K.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  pubescent  twigs:  leaf -blades 
oblong  to  obovate,  mostly  2-7  cm.  long,  abruptly  pointed,  rounded  or  notched, 
permanently  rough-pubescent  and  ciliate,  or  sometimes  smooth;  cymes  several- 
flowered:  calyx  6-7  mm.  long;  lobes  ovate,  mostly  less  than  J  as  long  as  the 
tube:  corolla  white;  tube  much  exceeding  the  calyx;  larger  lobes  5-6  mm. 
wide:  anthers  about  2.5  mm.  long:  di-upes  orange,  slightly  depressed,  9-11  mm. 
wide. 

The  RouGH-STROXGBACK  grows  in  hammocks  and  pinelands  on  the  Everglade 
Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (W.  I.) 

2.  B.  ovata  Miers.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  glabrous  twigs:  leaf -blades 
obovate  to  oblong-obovate  or  oval-obovate,  4-12  cm.  long,  smooth:  calyx  6-7  cm. 
long;  lobes  triangular,  fully  J  as  long  as  the  tube:  corolla  white;  tube  rather 
short;  lobes  slightly  shorter  than  the  tube:  stamens  exserted;  anthers  about 
2  mm.  long:  drupe  orange,  about  1  cm.  wide. 

The  Strongback  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  brown  and 
orange-streaked  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

Family  3.     VEEBENACEAE.     Vervain  Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Stems  commonly  angled.  Leaves  alternate, 
opposite,  or  whorled:  blades  simple  or  rarely  compound.  Calyx  of  4  or 
5  partially  or  wholly  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  partially  united 
petals,  sometimes  2-lipped.  Androecium  of  2  or  4  stamens,  the  filaments 
more  or  less  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  2-4-earpellary,  the 
style  terminal.  Fruit  baccate  or  di'upaceous  or  an  aggregate  of  2  or  4 
nutlets, 

1.  CITHAREXYLUM  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  sometimes  spiny.  Leaf -blades 
mainly  entire.     Flowers  in   clusters  or  long  spikes.     Calyx  obscurely  5-lobed. 


EHINANTHACEAE.  95 

Corolla  mainly  white:  tube  straight  or  nearly  so:  limb  slightly  oblique,  nearly 
equally  5-lobed.     Staminodium  present.     Stigma  2-lobed.     Nutlets  2. 

1.  C.  fruticosum  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  softly  pubescent  twigs:  k-aves 
5-15  cm.  long;  blades  elliptic,  oblong,  or  oblong-obovate,  veiny:  flowers  in 
spikes  or  racemes:  fruits  9-10  mm.  in  diameter.  [C.  villosum  Chapm.  Not 
Jacq.] 

The  FiDDLEwooD  grows  in  hammocks  and  pinelands  along  the  southern  half  of 
the  eastern  coast  of  Florida,  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The 
light-red  heart-wood  is  close-grained,   heavy,  and  very  hard.      {W.  I.) 

Family  4.    AVICENNIACEAE.     Black-mangrove  Family. 

Shrubs  or  trees  of  maritime  regions,  the  branches  terete,  nodose. 
Leaves  opposite,  persistent :  blades  entire.  Flowers  in  axillary  small 
cymes.  Calyx  of  5  nearly  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  partially  united 
petals,  campanulate-rotate.  Androecium  of  4  stamens,  the  filaments 
adnate  to  the  lower  part  of  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  of  2  united 
carpels.     Fruit  a  compressed  oblique  capsule. 

1.  AVICENNIA  L.  Leaf-blades  thick.  Cymes  peduncled.  Calyx  sub- 
tended by  small  bracts.  Corolla  inconspicuous,  the  tube  and  spreading  lobes 
about  equal  in  length.     Stamens  erect.     Stigmas  2.     Capsule  thick-walled. 

1.  A.  nitida  Jacq,  Tree  sometimes  25  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  leathery, 
oblong  or  nearly  so,  3-8  cm.  long,  dark-green  above,  pale,  minutely  canescent 
beneath:  calyx  3-4  mm.  long:  corolla  white;  lobes  longer  than  the  tube, 
broadly  rounded  or  retuse :  fruit  oblong  or  elliptic,  3-5  cm.  long,  acutish.  — 
All  year. 

The  Black-mangrove  grows  on  sandy  shores  and  in  coastal  hammoclvs  on  both 
sides  of  peninsular  Florida,  and  on  the"  Everglade  Keys  and  Florida  Keys.  The 
dark-brown  or  blackish  heart-wood  is  rather  coarse-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.    (W.I.) 

Family  5.    EHINANTHACEAE.     Figwort  Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Stems  commonly  terete.  Leaves  opposite 
or  whorled,  or  alternate :  blades  entire,  toothed,  or  divided.  Flowers  per- 
fect, axillarj^,  or  spicate  or  racemose.  Calyx  regular  or  rarely  2-lipped,  of 
4  or  5  more  or  less  united  sepals.  Corolla  mostly  irregular,  of  4  or  5 
partially  united  petals.  Androecium  of  4,  usually  didyuamous  stamens, 
the  fifth  one  sometimes  represented  by  a  staminodium.  Gynoecium  2- 
carpellary.     Ovary  2-eelled.     Fruit  capsular  or  rarely  baccate. 

1.  PAULOWNIA  Sieb.  &  Zucc.  Trees  resembling  Catalpa.  Leaf-blades 
ample,  entire  or  3-lobed.  Flowers  in  large  panicled  cymes.  Calyx-lobes  5, 
shorter  than  the  tube.  Corolla  slightly  2-lipped,  both  lips  spreading.  Stamens 
4:  filaments  about  equally  adnate  to  the  corolla.  Staminodium  wanting. 
Capsule  exceeding  the  calyx. 

1.  P.  tomentosa  (Thunb.)  Baill.  Large  tree:  leaf-blades  ovate  to  suborbicu- 
lar,  1.5-4  dm.  long,  densely  pubescent  beneath,  cordate,  long-petioled:  calyx 
30-14  mm.  long:  corolla  violet,  4.5-5.5  cm.  long,  pubescent;  lobes  rounded: 
capsules  ovoid,  3-4  cm.  long,  acute.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Karri,  a  native  of  .Tapan.  grows  in  fields  and  on  roadsides  in  northern 
Florida  and  the  northern  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  yellowish-white  wood  is 
coarse-grained,   light,   and   soft.      (Cont.) 


96  BIGNONIACEAE. 


Family   6.    BIGNONIACEAE.     Trumpet-creeper   Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  woody  vines,  or  rarely  herbs.  Leaves  opposite,  or 
rarely  alternate  or  whorled,  often  tendril-bearing:  blades  simple  or  pin- 
nately  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  usually  showy.  Calyx  of  usually 
2  more  or  less  united  sepals.  Corolla  5-lobed,  irregular,  or  2-lipped. 
Androecium  of  5  stamens  with  1  or  3  of  them  reduced  to  staminodia,  or  of 
4  didynamous  stamens.  Anthers  with  mostly  divaricate  sacs.  Gynoecium 
of  2  united  carpels.  Ovary  1-celled  or  2-celled  by  the  meeting  of  the 
placentae.  Ovules  numerous.  Fruit  a  capsule.  Seeds  winged  or  ap- 
pendaged. 

Capsules  long  and  slender,  dehiscent :  anther-bearing  stamens  2  :  leaves  opposite. 

1.  Catalpa. 
Capsules  short  and  thick,  indehiscent :  anther-bearing  stamens  4  : 
leaves  alternate,  sometimes  clustered  on  spurs. 
Leaves  clustered  on  spurs  ;  blades  of  a  spatulate  or  oblanceolate 

type  :  fruit  rounded  at  the  apex,  with  fleshy  placentae.  2.  Crescentia. 

Leaves  alternate ;  blades  of  a  broad  type  :  fruit  umbonate  at  the 

apex,  with  dry  placentae.  3.   Enallagma. 

1.  CATALPA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  vrith  scaly  bark.  Leaves  deciduous: 
blades  broad,  membranous.  Flowers  paniculate.  Calyx  2-lobed.  Corolla 
mainly  white  or  yellow,  the  tube  abruptly  expanded  into  the  throat.  Capsule 
slender  and  elongate.     Seeds  fimbriate-winged. 

1.  C.  Catalpa  (L.)  Karst.  Tree  becoming  20  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate,  1-3 
dm.  long:  calyx  8-12  mm.  long;  lobes  abruptly  pointed:  corolla  4-5  cm.  long; 
throat  campanulate:   capsules  1.5-4  dm.  long.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Catalpa  grows  on  river-banks  in  middle  and  western  Florida.  The  light- 
brown  heart-wood  is  coarse-grained,  light,  soft,  and  weak,  but  durable.  Also  known 
as   Indian-bean.      (Cont.) 

2.  CEESCENTIA  L.  Trees  with  scaly  bark.  Leaves  clustered  on  spurs: 
blades  of  a  spathulate  or  oblanceolate  type.  Flowers  in  clusters  or  solitary,  on 
the  spurs,  pedicelled.  Calyx  2-lobed,  leathery.  Corolla  mainly  yellowish-green 
and  magenta-streaked,  with  a  fold  between  the  tube  and  the  campanulate 
throat:  lobes  5,  unequal.  Anthers  mostly  included.  Fruit  relatively  large, 
rounded  at  the  apex,  with  a  thick,  hard  pericarp:  placentae  fleshy.  Seeds  flat, 
obcordate. 

1.  C.  Cujete  L.  Tree  becoming  12  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  8-15  cm.  long,  abruptly 
acuminate  or  obtuse,  narrow-based:  calyx  2-3  cm.  long:  corolla  yellowish-green 
and  magenta-streaked;  lobes  undulate:  capsules  subglobose,  oval,  or  oblong, 
15-30  cm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Caladash-tree  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  lower  Florida  Keys.  The 
brown  or  green-brown  heart-wood  is  rather  close-grained,  but  light  and  rather  soft. 
(IF.  /.) 

3.  ENALLAGMA  Baill.  Trees  with  scaly  bark.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
of  an  oblong,  oval,  or  obovate  type.  Flowers  solitary  or  clustered  at  the  ends 
of  the  branchlets,  long-pedicelled.  Calyx  2-lobed,  leathery.  Corolla  mainly 
whitish,  purplish  or  greenish-yellow,  with  a  fold  between  the  tube  and  the 
campanulate  throat:  lobes  5,  unequal.  Anthers  mostly  exserted.  Fruit  rela- 
tively small,  umbonate  at  the  apex,  with  a  thin  brittle  pericarp:  placentae  dry, 
pithy.     Seeds  convex,  notched  at  both  ends. 

1.  E.  latifolia  (Mill.)  Small.  Tree  becoming  8  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  7-15  em. 
long,  abruptly  pointed,  broad-based:  calyx  2.5-4  cm.  long:  corolla  5-6  cm.  long, 


OLACACEAE.  97 

pale-purple  to  yellowish-white;  lobes  toothed:  capsules  oblong  or  oval,  5-11.5 
cm.  longw  —  All  year. 

The  Black-calabash  grows  In  low  hammocks,  often  in  shore-hammocks  on  the 
Everglade  Keys  and  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The  pale-brown  or  orange  heart-wood 
is  close-grained,   heavy  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

Order  SANTALALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  mostly  root-  or  tree-parasites.  Leaves  with 
expanded  blades  or  scale-like.  Flowers  inconspicuous,  perfect  or  imper- 
fect. Calyx  present  but  often  a  mere  border.  Corolla  present  or  wanting. 
Androeeium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals,  or  petals,  or  twice  as 
many.  Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels.  Ovary  more  or  less 
inferior.    Fruit  a  drupe,  a  nut,  or  a  berry. 

Family  1.    OLACACEAE.     Ximenia  Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  usually  alternate:  blades  entire  or 
rarely  toothed.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  regular,  in  dichotomous 
or  raceme-like  cymes.  Calyx  of  4r-6  small  sepals,  surmounting  the  hypan- 
thium.  Corolla  of  4—6  distinct  or  united  2:)etals.  Androeeium  of  4—12 
stamens.     Gynoecium  3-4-carj)ellary.     Fruit  a  drupe. 

Petals  united  to  above  the  middle :  stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes  and  oppo- 
site them  :  drupe  nearly  enclosed  in  the  disk.  1.  Schoepfia. 

Petals  nearly  distinct :  stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  petals  :  drupe 

naked.  2.  Ximenia. 

1.  SCHOEPFIA  Schreb.  Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  thick. 
Hypanthium  filled  with  an  elevated  disk.  Sepals  broad.  Petals  united  to  above 
the  middle.  Filaments  adnate  to  about  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube.  Anthers 
oval  or  ovoid.    Ovary  about  *  inferior. 

1.  S.  chrysophylloides  (A.  Eieh.)  Planch.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  pale 
branches:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  2-6  cm.  long:  corolla  about  4  mm. 
long;  lobes  ovate,  glabrous:  drupes  ovoid  or  oval-ovoid,  10-12  mm.  long.  [S. 
Schreberi  Small.     Not  J.  F.  Gmel.]  — All  year. 

The  Whitewood  grows  in  the  coastal  hammocks  of  southern  peninsular  Florida 
and  the  Florida  Keys,  and  in  the  hammocks  of  the  Everglade  Keys.  The  light- 
brown  or  yellowish  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  rather  heavy,  and  hard.     {W.  I.) 

2.  XIMENIA  [Plum.]  L.  Thorny  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  thinnish. 
Hypanthium  without  an  elevated  disk.  Sepals  minute.  Petals  nearly  distinct. 
Anthers  linear.     Ovary  nearly  superior. 

1.  X.  americana  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  dark  branches:  leaf-blades  ob- 
long to  elliptic  or  nearly  so,  3-7  cm.  long:  corolla  about  10  mm.  long;  lobes 
linear,  densely  pubescent  within:  drupes  subglobose  or  broadly  oval,  14-17 
mm.  long.  —  AH  year. 

The  Tallow-wood  grows  in  hammocks  of  peninsular  Florida,  and  in  hammocks 
and  pinelands  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  yellow  or  brown 
heart-wood  is  close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (W.  I.) 

Order  RUBIALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite,  sometimes  whorled. 
Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  axillary  or  cymose.  Hypanthium  perfect. 
Calyx  of  2  or  more  often  small  sepals.     Corolla  of  3  or  more  partially 

Trees  of  Florida  7. 


98  EUBIACEAE. 

united  petals.     Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  petals  or 
twice  as  many.     Gynoecium  2-several  carpellary.     Ovary  wholly  or  par- 
tially inferior.     Fruit  a  capsule,  a  berry,  or  a  drupe. 
Leaves  with  stipules  adnate  to  the  stem  between  the  leaf-bases. 

Fam.  1.    RUBIACKAB. 

Leaves  without  stipules,  or  if  present  these  adnate  to  the 

petiole.  Fam.  2.  Caprifoliacbae, 

Family  1.    EUBIACEAE.    Madder  Family. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite  or  whorled,  with 
interpetiolar  or  foliaceous  stipules.  Flower  perfect  or  polygamous,  regu- 
lar or  nearly  so.  Calyx  of  2-6,  or  more,  sepals  surmounting  the  hypan- 
thium,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  3-6,  or  more,  more  or  less  united  petals. 
Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  petals  and  alternate  with 
them.  Gynoecium  2-several-carpellary.  Frait  a  capsule,  a  drupe,  or  a 
berry. 

Ovary-cavities    several-many-ovuled :   seeds    several    or   many. 
Fruits  dry,  capsular. 

Seeds    wingless :    sepals    long    and    narrow,    some    in    the 

outer  flowers  foliaceous:   anthers  short  and  thick.  1.   Pixckxeya. 

Seeds  winged  :  sepals  minute  :  anthers  long  and  slender.       2.  Exostema. 
Fruits  pulpy,  baccate. 

Berry    2-celled :    sepals    prominent :    corolla    salverform ; 

lobes  large  :  filaments  short  or  wanting.  3.   Casasia. 

Berry  5-celled  :  sepals  minute  or  obsolete  :  corolla  tubular  ; 

lobes  minute  :  filaments  long.  4.   Hamelia. 

Ovary-cavities  1-ovuled  :  seeds  solitary. 

Flowers  in  dense  heads.  5.   Cepiialanthus. 

Flowers  in  open  cymes. 

Ovule    pendulous :    corolla-tube    much    longer    than    the 

lobes  :  anthers  narrow.  6.   Gvettaeda. 

Ovule  not  pendulous  :  corolla-tube  as  long  as  the  lobes  or 

slightly  longer  :  anthers  broad.  7.   Psychoteia. 

1.  PINCKNEYA  Michx.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  with  broad  entire 
blades.  Flowers  iu  corymbose  cymes.  Sepals  5,  1  or  2  of  them,  at  least  in  the 
outer  flowers,  transformed  into  leaf-like  members.  Corolla  with  a  stout  tube 
and  5  rather  broad  lobes.  Stamens  5 :  filaments  adnate  to  the  lower  part  of  the 
corolla-tube,  glabrous:  anthers  oblong,  exserted.  Capsule  as  wide  as  long. 
Seeds  wingless. 

1.  P.  pubens  Miehx.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  pubescent  foliage:  leaf -blades 
oblong,  oval,  or  ovate,  5-20  cm.  long,  short-petioled:  foliaceous  sepals  like  the 
leaves  in  shape,  but  smaller  and  pink:  unchanged  sepals  linear  to  linear- 
lanceolate,  1-1.5  cm.  long:  corolla  greenish,  mottled  with  brown  or  purple: 
tube  1.5-2  cm.  long;  lobes  as  long  as  the  tube  or  shorter:  capsule  subglobose, 
nearly  2  cm.  in  diameter.  —  Spr.  &  sum. 

The  Fever-teee  grows  in  sandy  swamps  and  along  streams  in  middle  and 
western  Florida.     The  brown  wood  is  close-grained,  light,  soft,  and  weak.      (Coiit.) 

2.  EXOSTEMA  L.  C.  Eich.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  leathery. 
Flowers  axillary  or  in  paniculate  cymes.  Sepals  5,  short.  Corolla  with  slender 
tube  and  5  narrow  lobes.  Stamens  5:  filaments  adnate  to  the  base  of  the 
corolla-tube,  pubescent  below:  anthers  narrowly  linear,  exserted.  Capsule 
elongate.     Seeds  winged. 

1.  E.  carihaeum  (Jacq.)  R.  &  S.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  foliage  glabrous: 
leaf -blades  oblong  to  elliptic,  2-6  cm.  long:  sepals  1-2  mm.  long:  corolla  white 


EUBIACEAE.  99 

or  rose-tinged,  the  tube  3.5-4  cm.  long;  lobes  narrowly  linear:  capsules  elliptic, 
10-12  mm.  long.  —  Spr. 

The  Princewood  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys.  The  brown  and  yellow-streaked  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  hard, 
and  strong,     (ir.  /.) 

3.  CASASIA  A.  Rich.  Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  leathery. 
Flowers  in  axillary  cymes.  Sepals  5,  broad  or  narrow.  Corolla  with  a  stout 
tube  and  5  relatively  broad  lobes.  Stamens  5:  filaments  adnate  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  corolla-tube:  anthers  elongated,  linear-sagittate,  included.  Berry 
thick.    Seeds  angled. 

1.  C.  clusiifolia  (Jacq.)  Urban.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  bark  pale:  leaves 
clustered  at  the  branch-tips;  blades  cuneate  to  obovate,  5-15  cm.  long:  hypan- 
thium  turbinate:  sepals  subulate:  corolla  white:  tube  16-20  mm.  long;  lobes 
acuminate,  shorter  than  the  tube:  berries  mainly  obovoid,  5-7  cm.  long.  [Genipa 
clusiifolia  Jacq.]  — Spr. 

The  Seven-year-apple  grows  on  sand-dunes  and  in  coastal  hammocks  of 
southern  peninsular  Florida,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The 
dark-brown  or  reddish  heart-wood  is  close-grained,  very  heavy,  and  hard.    (W.  I.) 

4.  HAMELIA  Jacq.  Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  membranous. 
Flowers  in  dichotomous  cymes.  Sepals  5,  minute.  Corolla  with  a  narrow 
fluted  tube  and  5  very  short  lobes.  Stamens  5 :  filaments  adnate  to  the  base  of 
the  corolla-tube:  anthers  linear,  included.     Berry  thick. 

1.  H.  patens  Jacq.  Small  tree  or  shrub :  leaf -blades  elliptic,  oblong  or  elliptic- 
ovate,  8-15  cm.  long:  hypanthium  turbinate:  sepals  about  1  mm.  long:  corolla 
crimson,  1.5-2.3  cm.  long;  lobes  2-3  mm.  long:  berries  oval  or  ovoid,  5-7  mm, 
long,  black.     [H.  erecta  Jacq.?] 

The  Hamelia  grows  in  hammocks  in  the  lower  two-thirds  of  peninsular  Florida 
and  on  the  Florida  Keys.     The  wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (W.  I.) 

5.  CEPHALANTHUS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  thinuish.  Flowers 
in  capitate  cymes.  Sepals  usually  4,  rounded.  Corolla  with  a  long  tube  and 
usually  4  short  lobes.  Stamens  usually  4:  filaments  adnate  to  the  throat  of  the 
corolla:  anthers  oblong  or  nearly  so.     Nut-like  fruit  obpyramidal. 

1.  C,  occidentalis  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oblong,  lanceolate,  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  .5-20  cm.  long,  short-petioled :  flower-heads  globose,  2.5-3.5 
cm.  thick:  sepals  about  0.5  mm.  long:  corolla  white,  about  10  mm.  long;  lobes 
ovate  to  oblong-ovate:  nutlets  7-8  mm.  long.  —  All  year. 

The  BuTTONBUSH  grows  in  swamps  and  along  streams  and  ponds  nearly 
throughout  northern  and  peninsular  Florida.  The  yellowish  or  yellow-brown  heart- 
wood  is  close-grained  heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 

6.  GUETTAUDA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  thin  or  thickish. 
Flowers  in  axillary  peduncled  cymes.  Sepals  2-4  or  more,  short,  or  obsolete. 
Corolla  with  a  long  tube  and  4,  or  more,  shorter  lobes.  Stamens  4-9 :  filaments 
adnate  to  near  the  top  of  the  corolla-tube:  anthers  narrow,  but  short.  Drupe 
globular.  —  All  year. 

Corolla  6-8  mm.  long:  leaf-blades  strigillose  or  glabrate,  not  rugose.  1.  O.  cUiptica. 
Corolla  20-25  mm.  long:  leaf-blades  scabro-pubescent,  rugose.  2.  G.  scabra. 

1.  G.  elliptica  Sw.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  thin,  mainly  oblong,  oval, 
or  obovate,  2-4  cm.  long:  corolla-lobes  mostly  4:  style  glabrous:  drupes  8-11 
mm.  in  diameter. 

The  Velvet-seed  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida 
Keys,  and  as  a  shrub  in  pinelands  on  the  Everglade  Keys.  The  heart-wood  is  very 
close-grained,  heavy,  and  hard.      (11'.  7.) 


100  CAPEIFOLIACEAE. 

2.  G.  scabra  Vent.  Small  tree  or  shrub :  leaf-blades  thick,  mainly  oblong,  oval, 
or  oblong-ovate,  4.5-8  cm.  long,  or  rarely  smaller:  corolla-lobes  mostly  6  or  7: 
style  pubescent:  drupes  about  6  mm.  in  diameter. 

The  Rough  velvet-seed  grows  in  hammocks  in  the  coastal  hammocks  of 
southern  peninsular  Florida  and  the  hammocks  of  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the 
Florida  Keys,  and  as  a  shrub  in  pineiands  on  the  Everglade  Keys.  The  wood  has 
not  yet  been  studied.      {W.  I.) 

7.  PSYCHOTKIA  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  thinuish.  Flowers 
in  terminal  or  axillary  cymes.  Sepals  4-6,  short  and  broad.  Corolla  with  a 
relatively  short  tube  and  4-6  usually  somewhat  shorter  lobes.  Stamens  4-6: 
filaments  adnate  to  near  the  top  of  the  corolla-tube:  anthers  oblong  to  oval. 
Drupe  thick,  often  berry-like.  —  All  year. 

Cymes  sessile :  sepals  very  low.  1.  P.  undata. 

Cymes  peduncled :  sepals  deltoid.  2.  P.  iahamensis. 

1.  P.  undata  Jacq.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  twigs  glabrous:  leaf -blades  oval, 
elliptic,  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  6-15  cm.  long:  corolla  white;  tube  2.5-3  mm. 
long:  anthers  oval:  drupes  5-6.5  mm.  long,  red. 

The  Wild-coffee  grows  in  hammocks  in  the  lower  two-thirds  of  peninsular 
Florida,  and  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  the  Florida  Keys.  The  wood  has  not  yet 
been  studied.      (TF.  /.) 

2.  P.  bahamensis  Millsp.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  twigs  glabrous:  leaf-blades 
lanceolate,  elliptic,  or  oblanceolate,  3-12  cm.  long:  corolla  white;  tube  3-4  mm. 
long:  anthers  oblong:  drupes  oval  or  globular,  4-5  mm.  long,  bright-orange. 

The  Bahaman  wild-coffeb  grows  in  hammocks  on  the  Florida  Keys.  The 
wood  has  not  yet  been  studied.      (W.  I.) 

I  Family  2.     CAPEIFOLIACEAE.     Honeysuckle  Family. 

Shrubs,  trees,  vines,  or  perennial  herbs.  Leaves  opposite :  blades 
entire,  toothed,  or  pinnate.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  in  terminal  or  axil- 
lary cymes,  or  axillary.  Calyx  of  mostly  4  or  5  minute  or  foliaceous 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  partially  united  petals,  often  irregular.  Androe- 
•cium  of  4  or  5  stamens:  filaments  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube. 
'Gynoecium  2-5-earpellary.  Ovary  inferior.  Fruit  baccate,  drupaceous, 
'or  capsular. 

!Leaf-blades  pinnate :  druplets  with  3-5  nut-like  stones.  1.  Sambdcds. 

SLeaf-blades  entire  or  toothed :  drupelets  with  a  single  stone.  2.  Vibuknom. 

1.  SAMBUCUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  pithy  stems.  Leaf- 
blades  pinnate.  Flowers  in  thyrsoid  or  flat-topped  cymes.  Sepals  minute. 
Anthers  oblong  or  oval.  Ovary  3-5-celled.  Drupelets  with  3-5  stones.  — 
Elder. 

1.  S.  intermedia  Carr.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaflets  5-11,  the  blades  oblong  to 
ovate  or  oval,  3-14  cm.  long,  serrate  with  incurved  teeth:  cymes  merely  convex: 
corolla  5-6  mm.  wide :  di-upes  nearly  black,  4-6  mm.  in  diameter.  —  Spr. 

The  Florida-elder  grows  in  low  swamps,  woods  and  hammocks  nearly  through- 
out the  Florida  mainland.  The  brown  wood  is  close-grained  but  light  and  soft. 
{Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  VIBUBNUM  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  the  stems  not  pithy.  Leaf- 
blades  simple.  Flowers  in  round-topped  cymes.  Sepals  minute.  Anthers 
oblong.  Ovary  1-celled.  Drupelets  with  a  single  stone.  —  Spr.  &  sum.  — 
Arrows-wood. 


CAEDUACEAE.  101 

Filaments  as  long  as  the  corolla  or  longer :  leaves  with  manifest  distinction  between 
blade  and  petiole  ;  blades  toothed  all  around.  1.  V.  ruflduhim. 

Filaments  much  shorter  than  the  corolla  :   leaves  without  distinc- 
tion  between  blade  and  petiole  ;  blades  entire   or  somewhat 
crenate  near  the  apex. 
Drupelets  less  than  9  mm.  long,  the  stone  turgid-suborbicular  : 

leaf-blades  narrow.  2.   V.  obovatum. 

Drupelets    over    9    mm.    long,    the    stone    flat,    oblong-obovate : 

leaf-blades  broad.  3.  V.  Nashii. 

1.  V.  rufidulum  Eaf.  Small  tree  or  shrub :  leaf-blades  thick,  oblong  or  elliptic, 
or  nearly  so,  serrate,  4-10  cm.  long:  corolla  7-10  mm.  wide:  drupes  broadly 
oblong,  10-14  mm.  long,  deep-blue  under  the  bloom. 

The  Southern  black-haw  grows  in  woods  and  thickets  in  northern  Florida 
and  the  adjacent  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  brown  or  red-tinged  wood  is  close- 
grained,   heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 

2.  V.  obovatum  Walt.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf-blades  oblanceolate,  cuneate, 
or  obovate,  1.5-6  cm.  long,  entire  or  slightly  toothed  near  the  apex:  corolla  5-6 
mm.  wide:  filaments  scarcely  equalling  the  corolla-tube:  drupes  oval,  6-8  mm. 
long,  black. 

The  Small-viburnum  grows  in  river-swamps  in  northern  Florida  and  in  the 
peninsula  as  far  south  as  the  Everglade  region.  The  brownish  wood  is  close- 
grained,  rather  heavy,  and  hard.      (Cont.) 

3.  V.  Nashii  Small.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  suborbicular  or  broadly 
obovate  to  spatulate,  4-5  em.  long,  more  or  less  crenate:  drupes  oblong,  10-12 
mm.  long,  black. 

Nash's-vibdrnum  grows  in  river-swamps  in  western  Florida.  The  wood  has  not 
yet  been  studied.      {Endemic.) 

Order  CARDUALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  rarely  trees.  Leaves  mainly  alternate :  blades  entire, 
toothed,  or  divided.  Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious,  few  or 
many  aggregated  on  a  receptacle  and  surrounded  with  an  involucre,  or 
the  involucre  rarely  obsolete.  Calyx  one  or  two  rows  of  bristles,  scales,  a 
mere  border  or  crown,  or  obsolete,  or  wanting.  Corolla  of  several  more 
or  less  united  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  usually  5  stamens,  the 
anthers  converging,  or  united.  Gynoecium  mostly  of  2  united  carpels. 
Ovary  inferior.     Styles  or  stigmas  mostly  2.     Fruit  an  achene. 

Family  1.     CAEDUACEAE.     Thistle  Family. 
Herbs  or  rarely  shrubs  or  trees.    Flowers  borne  in  heads,  the  marginal 
ones  commonly  differing  from  the  central  ones  in  having  a  1-sided,  more 
or  less   elongate   corolla  limb.     Pappus  usually   present   and   often   con- 
spicuous. 

1.  BACCHABIS  L.  Shrubs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  leathery,  entire  or 
toothed.  Heads  dioecious,  often  clustered,  discoid.  Involucres  ovoid  to  cam- 
panulate,  many-flowered:  bracts  of  the  staminate  involucre  smaller  than  those 
of  the  pistillate.  Corollas  various,  those  of  the  staminate  with  a  funuelform 
throat  and  a  long  tube,  the  lobes  lanceolate:  those  of  the  pistillate  flowers  fili- 
form.    Pappus  of  the  staminate  flowers  shorter  than  that  of  the  pistillate. 

Heads  in  peduncled  paniclcd  clusters  :  inner  bracts  of  the  pistillate  involucre  acute. 

1.    /{.  hiiUmi folia. 
Heads    in    sessile    or    nearly    sessile    axillary    clusters :    inner 
bracts  of  the  pistillate  involucre  obtuse.  2.  B.  glomcruUflora. 


102  CAEDUACEAE. 

1.  B.  halimifolia  L.  Plants  9-40  dm.  tall,  resinous:  leaf -blades  suborbicular 
to  oblong  or  linear-elliptic,  some  of  them,  at  least,  coarsely  toothed:  pistillate 
involucres  about  6  mm.  long;  inner  bracts  linear. 

The    Gbodndsel-tkee    grows    in    costal    hammocks    and    on    sand-dunes    nearly 
throughout  Florida.     The  wood  has  not  been  studied.     {Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  B,  glomeruliflora  Pers.  Plants  8-30  dm.  tall,  barely  resinous:  leaf -blades 
spatulate  to  cuneate-obovate,  2-5  cm.  long,  often  sharply  toothed:  pistillate 
involucres  5-6  mm.  long;  inner  bracts  oblong-spatulate. 

The  Clustered  groundsel-tree  grows  in  hammocks  nearly  throughout  Florida. 
The  wood  has  not  been  studied.      (Cont.,  W.  I.) 


SPECIES  PUBLISHED  IN  THIS  FLORA. 

Cerothamnus  inodorus  (Bart.)  Small.     Myrica  inodora  Bart. 
Triadica  sebifera   (L.)   Small.     Croton  sehiferum  L. 


Library 
K.  C,  State  College 


INDEX. 


Acer,  65 
aceraceae,  65 
Aesculaceae,  64 
Aesculus,  64 
Agati,  50 
Ailanthus,  55 
Albizzia,  47 
Alder,  15 

Black,  62 

Smooth,  15 
Alligator-apple,  26 
Alligator-pear,  75 
Alnus,  15 
Altingiaceae,  29 
Alvaradoa,  56 
Amelanchier,  30 
American-elm,  22 
American-holly,  63 
Ammiales,  si 
Amphibious-willow,  13 
Amygdalaceae,  44 
Amygdalus,  45 
Amyris,  53 
Anamomi,  SO 
Angiospermae,  5 
Annona,  25 
Annonaceae,  25 
Apocynaceae,  92 
Apple  Family,  30 
Aquifoliaceae,  62 
Aralia,  83 
Ardisiaceae,  85 
Arecaceae, 5 
Arecalps,  5 
Arrow- wood,  100 
Artocarpaceae,  20 
Asclepiadales,  92 
Ash,  91 

American,  91 
.    Prickly,  83 

Pumpkin,  91 

Red,  91 

Swamp,  91 

Wafer,  53 

Water,  91 

White,  91 
Ash-leaved  maple,  66 
Asimina,  25 

Australian-corkwood  tree,  50 
Australian-pine,  9 

AVICENNIACEAE,  95 

Avocado,  75 

Baccharis,  101 
Bahaman  wild-coffee,  100 
Balsam-torchwood,  53 
Balsam-tree,  72 
Balsam-tree  Family,  72 
Barbados-cedar,  4 
Barbados-flower,  49 
Basswood,  69 
Batodendron,  84 
Bay, 

Loblolly,  75 

Red,  75 

Shore,  75 

SUk,  75 

Swamp,  75 

Swamp  red,  75 

Sweet,  27,  75 


Bayberry,  11 
Bayberry  Family,  11 
Bay-cedar,  55 
Bay'-cedar  Family,  54 
Bay-leaved  caper-tree,  28 
Beech,  15 
Beef- wood,  9 
Beef-wood  Family,  9 
Bee-tree,  69 
Betulaceae,  14 

BiGNONIACEAE,  96 

BUsted,  29 
Birch,  14 

Black,  15 

Cherry,  15 

Red,  14 

River,  14 

West-Indian,  56 
Birch  Family,  14 
Bitter-bush,  55 
Bitter-nut,  10 
Bitter-pecan,  10 
Bitter-sweet  orange,  54 
Bitterwood,  55 
Black-alder,  62 
Black-head,  47 
Black-birch,  15 
Black-calabash,  97 
Black-gum,  82 
Black-jack  oak,  19 
Black-mangrove,  95 
Black-mangrove  Family,  95 
Black-mulberry,  20 
Black-olive,  78 
Black-pine,  3 
Black-sloe,  45 
Black-w-alnut,  10 
Black-willow,  13 
Blolly,  25 
Blue-jack  oak,  19 
Blue-pine,  2 
Box-elder,  66 
Boxwood,  64 

False,  64 
Brittle-thatch,  6 
Broom-hickory,  11 
Bucida,  78 
Buckeye,  64 

Red,  65 
Buckeye  Family,  64 
Buckthorn,  68,  88 

Tough,  89 
Buckthorn  Family,  68 
Buckwheat  Family,  24 
Buettneriaceae,  71 
Bumelia,  88 
Burning-bush,  63 
Burseraceae,  56 
Bustic,  88 
Buttonball,  30 
Buttonbush,  99 
Buttonwood,  30,  78 

White,  79 
Byrsonima,  51 

Cabbage-palm,  6 

Hog,  7 

Saw,  7 
Cabbage-tree,  6 
Calabash-tree,  96 

103 


Calico-bush,  84 
Caltrop  Family,  51 
Calyptranthes,  80 
Camellia  Family,  73 
Camphor-tree,  75 
Camphora,  74 
Canella,  72 
Canellaceae,  72 
Caper  Family,  27 
Caper-tree,  27 

Bay-leaved,  28 

Jamaica,  28 
Capparidaceae,  27 
Capparis,  27 
Caprifoliaceae,  100 
Carduales,  101 
Carica,  73 
Carolina-holly,  62 
Carolina-maple,  65 
Carpinus,  14 
Casasia,  99 
Cassada,  88 
Cassine,  63 
Cassia  CEAE,  48 
Castanea,  15 
Casuarina,  9 
Casuarinaceae,  9 
Casuarinales,  9 
Castor-oil  plant,  59 
Catalpa,  96 
Cat's-claw,  47 
Cedar,  4 

Barbados,  4 

Red,  4 

Southern  red,  4 

Stinking,  4 

White,  4 
Cedar-pine,  3 
Celastraceae,  63 
Celtis,  22 
Cephalanthus,  99 
Cercis,  48 
Cerothamnus,  11 
Chamaecyparis,  4 
Chapman's-oak,  17 
Chapman's  water-oak,  1 
Chenopodiales,  24 
Cherry,  86 

Indian,  68 

May,  30 

West-Indian,  46 

Wild,  46 
Cherry-birch,  15 
Chestnut,  15 

Horse,  64 
Chestnut-oak,  18 
Chickasaw-plum,  45 
China-berry,  57 
China  parasol-tree,  71 
China-tree,  57 
Chinese-rose,  70 
Chinese  tallow-tree,  59 
Chinquapin,  16 
Chionanthus,  92 
Chocolate  Family,  71 
Choripetalae,  8 
Chrysobalanus,  44 
Chrysophyllum,  87 
Cicca,  58 
Citharexylum,  94 


104 


INDEX. 


Citron,  54 

Citrus,  54 

Cliftonia,  61 

Clusia,  72 

Clusiaceae,  72 

Clustered  groundsel-tree,  102 

Coccolobis,  24 

Coccothrinax,  6 

Cocoanut,  7 

Cocoa-plum,  44 

Small-fruited,  45 
Coco-palm,  7 
Colubrina,  68 
Common-fig,  21 
Cone  Plants,  1 
Conocarpus,  78 
Coral-bean,  51 
Corkwood,  11 
COKKWOOD  Family,  U 
Cornel,  82 
Corylaceae,  13 
Cotton,  71 

WUd,  71 
Cottonwood,  12 
Cow-oak,  17 
Crab-apple,  30 
Crab  wood,  58 
Crape-myrtle,  77 
Crataegus,  31 
Crescentia,  96 
Cupania,  67 
Custard-apple,  25 
Custard-axple  Family,  25 
Cynoxylon,  83 
Cypress,  3,  4 

Bald,  3 

Deciduous,  3 

Pond, 4 
Cyrilla,  61 
Cyrillaceae,  61 

Dahoon,  63 
Darling-plum,  68 
Date-plum,  86 
Deciduous-holly,  62 
Delonix,  49 
Devil- wood,  92 
Florida,  92 

DiCOTYLEDONES,  8 

Diospyros,  86 
Dipholis,  88 
Doctor-gum,  60 
Dogbane  Family,  92 
Dogwood, 

Flowering,  83 

Jamaica,  50 
Dogwood  Family,  82 
Deacaenaceae,  8 
Drypetes,  58 

Ebenaceae,  86 
Ebenales,  86 
Ebony  Family,  86 
Egg-fruit,  88 
Ehretiaceae,  94 
Ehretia  Family,  94 
Elaphrium,  56 
Elder,  100 

Box,  66 

Florida,  100 
Elm,  22 

American,  22 

Florida,  22 

Red,  22 

Slippery,  22 

Water,  22 

White,  22 

Winged,  22 
Elm  Family,  21 


Enallagma,  96 
Ericaceae,  83 
Ericales,  S3 
Erythrina,  50 
Eugenia,  79 
Euonymus,  63 
Euphorbiaceae,  57 
Euphorbiales,  57 
Exostema,  98 
Exothea,  67 

Fabaceae,  50 
Fagaceae,  15 
Fagales,  13 
Fagus,  15 
False-boxwood,  64 
Farkleberry,  85 
Fat-pork,  72 
Fever-tree,  98 
Ficus,  21 
Fiddlewood.  95 
Fig,  21 

Common,  21 

Golden,  21 

Wild,  21 
FiGWORT  Family,  95 
Firmiana,  71 
Flame-tree,  49 
Florida-devil  wood,  92 
Florida-elder,  100 
Florida-elm,  22 
Florida-linden,  69 
Florida-mahogany,  75 
Florida-privet,  91 
Florida  sugar-maple,  66 
Florida  thatch-palm,  6 
Florida-trema,  23 
Florida-willow,  13 
Florida-yew,  5 
Flowering-dogwood,  83 
Forestiera,  91 
Frangxjlaceae,  68 
Fraxinus,  90 
Fringe-tree,  92 
Fruit  Plants,  5 

Gamopetalab,  83 
Geiger-tree,  44 
CJeorgia-hackberry,  23 
Georgia-pine,  2 
Geraniales,  51 
Gleditsia,  48 
Glycosmis,  53 
Golden-fig,  21 
Gordonia,  73 
Gossypium,  71 
Grevillea,  74 
Groundsel-tree,  102 

Clustered,  102 
Guaiacum,  51 
Guava,  80 
Guettarda,  99 
Guiana-plum,  58 
Gulf-willow,  13 
Gum, 

Black,  82 

Doctor,  60 

Sour,  82 

Sweet,  29 

Tupelo,  82 

Water,  82 
Gum-elastic,  89 
Gumbo-limbo,  56 
Gyminda,  64 
Gymnanthes,  58 
Gymnospermae,  1 

Hackberry, 

Georgia,  23 


Hackberry, 

Small's,  23 
Halesia,  90 
Hamamelidaceae,  29 
Hamamelis,  29 
Hamelia,  99 
Haw,  31 

May,  34 

Parsley,  34 

Small-fruited,  34 
Hazel-nut  Family,  14 
Heath  Family,  83 
Hederaceae,  83 
Hercules'-club,  53,  83 
Hibiscus,  70 
Hickory,  10 

Broom,  11 

Pale,  10 

Shag-bark,  10 

Swamp,  10 

Water,  10 

White-heart,  10 
Hicoria,  10 
Hippomane,  59 
Holly,  63 

American,  63 

Carolina,  62 

Deciduous,  62 

Krug's,  62 

Myrtle-leaved,  62 
Holly  Family,  62 
Honey-locust,  49 
Honeysuckle  Family,  100 
Hop-hornbeam,  14 
Hop-tree,  53 
Hornbeam,  14 

Hop,  14 
Horsebean,  49 
Horse-chestnut,  64 
Horseradish-tree,  28 
Horseradish-tree  Family,  28 
Horse-sugar,  89 
Huckleberry  Family,  84 
Hypelate,  67 
Hypericales,  71 

Icacorea,  86 
Ichthyomethia,  50 
Ilex,  62 

Indian-almond,  78 
Indian-bean,  96 
Indian-cherry,  68 
Inkwood,  67 
Iron  wood,  67,  80 

Red,  68 
Ivy  Family,  83 

Jacquinia,  85 
Jamaica  caper-tree,  28 
Jamaica-dogwood,  50 
Joe-wood,  85 
JoE-wooD  Family,  85 
Judas-tree,  48 
Juglandaceae 
Juglandales,  9 
Juglans,  9 
Julibrissin,  47 
June-berry,  31 
Juniperaceae,  3 
Juniper  Family,  3 

Kalmia,  84 
Karri,  95 
Key-thatch,  6 
Krugiodendron,  68 
Krug's-holly,  62 

Lagerstroemia,  77 
Laguncularia,  78 


INDEX. 


105 


LancewoocI,  76 
Large-leaves  cucumber-tree, 
Ladraceae,  74 
Laurel,  8 

Mountain,  84 
Laurel  Family,  74 
Laurel-oak,  18 
Laurocerasus,  46 
Lead-tree,  48 
Leatherwood,  61 
Leitneriaceae,  11 
Leitneriales,  11 
Lemon,  54 
Leopard-oak,  19 
Leucaena,  48 
Lignum-vitae,  .51 

LiLIALES,  8 

Lime,  54 

Wild,  52 

Ogeechee,  82 
Lime-tree,  69 
Linden, 

Florida,  69 

Rusty,  70 
Linden  Family,  69 
Linn,  69 

Liquidambar,  29 
Live-oak,  18 
Loblolly-bay,  73 
Loblolly-pine,  2 
Locust, 

Honey,  49 

Water,  49 
Locust-berry,  52 
Long-leaf  pine,  2 
Loosestrife  Family,  77 
Lucuma,  88 
Lysiloma,  47 
Lythraceae, 77 

Madder  Family,  98 
Madeira-redwood,  57 
Magnolia,  26 
Magnoliaceae,  26 
Magnolia  Family,  26 
Mahoe,  70 

Seaside,  71 
Mahogany,  57 

Florida,  75 
Mahogany  Family,  56 
Malaceae,  30 
Mallow  Family,  70 
Malpighiaceae,  51 
Malpighia  Family,  51 
Malus,  30 
Malvaceae,  70 
Malvales,  69 
Manatee  wild  china-tree,  67 
Manchineel,  59 
Mangifera,  60 
Mango,  60 
Mangrove,  81 
Black,  95 
White,  79 
Man-grove  Family,  81 
Maple,  65 

Ash-leaved,  66 
Carolina,  65 
Florida  sugar,  66 
Red,  65 
Silver,  65 
Maple  Family,  65 
Marlberry,  86 
Marsh-pine,  3 
Mastic,  88 
May-cherry,  30 
May-haw,  34 
Maytenus,  64 
Meadow-beauty  Family,  77 


Melastomaceae,  77 
Melia,  56 
Meliaceae,  56 
Metopium,  60 
Milk-tree,  59 

MlMOSACEAE,  46 

Mimosa  Family,  46 
Mimusops,  89 
Misanteca,  76 
Mocker-nuts,  10 
Mock-orange,  46 
Monkey-apple,  72 

MONOCOTYLEDONES,  5 

Moringa,  28 
Moringaceae,  28 
Morus,  20 
Mountain-laurel,  84 
Mulberry,  20 

Black,  20 

Paper,  21 

Red,  21 

White,  20 
Mulberry  Family,  20 
Myricaceae,  11 
Myricales,  11 
Myrsine,  86 
Myrsine  Family,  85 
Myhtaceae,  79 
Myrtales,  76 
Myrtle, 

Crape,  77 

Wax,  12 
Myrtle  Family,  79 
Mjrrtle-leaved  holly,  63 
Myrtle-of-the-river,  81 

Nakedwood,  69 
Nash's- viburnum,  101 
Necklace-poplar,  12 
Negundo,  66 
Nerium,  93 
Nyssa,  82 
Nyssaceae,  82 

Oak,  16 

Black-jack,  10 

Blue-jack,  19 

Chapman's,  17 

Chapman's  water,  18 

Chestnut,  18 

Cow,  17 

Laurel,  18 

Leopard,  19 

Live,  18 

Overcup,  17 

Post,  17 

Red,  19 

Rolf's,  18 

Scrub,  18 

Silk,  74 

Small  post,  17 

Spanish,  19 

Swamp  Spanish,  19 

Swamp-white,  17 

Turkey,  20 

Twin-live,  18 

Water,  19 

White,  17 

Willow.  18 

Yellow,  18 
Oak  Family,  15 
Ocotea,  76 

Odorless  wax-myrtle,  12 
Ogeechee-lime,  82 
Olacaceae,  97 
Oleaceae,  90 
Oleales,  90 
Oleander,  93 
Old-field  pine,  2 


Old-man's  beard,  92 
Olive 

Black,  78 

Wild,  88 
Olive  Family,  90 
Orange, 

Bitter-sweet,  54 

Mock,  46 

Sweet,  54 
Osmanthus,  92 
Ostrya,  14 

Otaheite-gooseberry,  58 
Overcup-oak,  17 
Oxydendron,  84 

Padus,  46 

Pale-hickory,  10 

Palmetto,  6 

Cabbage,  6 
Saw,  6 

Palm  Family,  5 

Papaverales,  27 

Papaw,  25,  73 

Papaw  Family,  73 

Papayaceae,  73 

Paper-mulberry,  21 

Papyrius,  21 

Paradise-tree,  55 

Paritium,  70 

Parkinsonia,  49 

Parsley-haw,  34 

Passiflorales,  73 
Paulownia,  95 
Paurotis,  7 
Peach,  45 
Pea  Family,  50 
Pear,  30 

Alligator,  75 
Persea,  75 
Persimmon,  86 
Picramnia,  55 
Pigeon-plum,  24 
Pig-nut,  11 
Pinace\e,  1 

PiNAI.ES,   1 

Pinckneya,  98 
Pine,  1 

Australian,  9 

Black,  3 

Blue,  3 

Cedar,  3 

Georgia,  2 

Loblolly,  2 

Long-leaf,  2 

Marsh,  3 

Old-field,  2 

Pitch,  2 

Pond,  3 

Sand,  3 

Short-leaf,  3 

Slash,  2 

Southern,  2 

Spruce,  3 

Swamp,  2 

White,  3 

Yellow,  3 
Pine  Family,  1 
Pinus,  1 
Pisonia,  24,  25 

PiSONIACEAE,  24 

Pisonia  Family,  24 

Pitch-pine,  2 

Pithecolohium,  46 

Planera,  22 

Platanaceae,  29 

Platanus,  30 

Plum,  45 
.  Chickasaw,  45 

I  Darling,  68 


106 


INDEX. 


Plum,  45 

Date,  86 

Pieeon,  24 

Saffron,  88 

Wild,  45 
Plun  Family,  44 
Poinciana,  49 

Royal,  49 
Poison-sumac,  61 
Poisonwood,  60 

POLEMONIALES,  93 
POLTGONACEAE,  24 
POLTGONALES,  23 

Pomegranate,  78 
Pomegranate  Family,  77 
Pond-apple,  26 
Pond-pine,  3 
Poplar,  12 

Necklace,  12 
Populus,  12 
Post-oak,  17 
Potato  Family,  93 
Potato-tree,  93 
Prickly-ash,  53,  83 
Primulales,  85 
Prince  wood,  99 
Proteaceae,  74 
Protea  Family,  74 
Proteales,  73 
Prunus,  45 
Pseudophoenix,  7 
Psidium,  80 
Psychotria,  100 
Ptelea,  53 
Pumpkin-asb,  91 
Punica,  77 
Ptjnicaceae,  77 
Pyrus,  30 

Quassia  Family,  55 
Quercus,  16 

Ranales,  25 
Rapanea,  85 
Red-ash,  91 
Red-bay,  75 
Red-birch,  14 
Red-buckeye,  65 
Red-bud,  48 
Red-cedar,  4 
Red-elm,  22 
Red-ironwood,  68 
Red-maple,  65 
Red-mulberry,  21 
Red-oak,  19 
Red-stopper,  79 
Reynosia,  68 
Rhacoma,  64 
Rhamnales,  67 
Rkamnidium,  68 
Rhamnus,  68 
Rhinanthaceae,  95 
Rhizophora,  81 
Rhizophoraceae,  81 
Rhus,  61 
Ricinus,  59 
River-birch,  14 
Rolfs-oak,  18 
Rosales,  28 
Rose-of-Sharon,  70 
Rough-strongback,  94 
Rough  velvet-seed,  100 
Royal-palm,  7 
Royal-poinciana,  49 
Roystonea,  7 
rubiaceae,  98 
rubiales,  97 
Rue  Family,  52 
Rusty-linden,  69 


RUTACEAE,  52 

Sabal,  6 
Sabina,  4 
Saffron-plum,  88 
Salicaceae,  12 
Salicales,  12 
Salix,  12 
Sambucus,  100 
Sand-pine,  3 
Santalales,  97 
Sapindaceae,  66 
Sapindales,  59 
Sapindus,  66 
Sapium,  59 
Sapodilla,  87 
Sapodilla  Family,  87 
Sapota,  87 
Sapotaceae,  87 
Sargent's-palm,  7 
Sassafras,  76 
Satinleaf,  87 
Satin  wood,  52 
Savia,  57 
Savin,  4 
Schaefferia,  64 
Schoepfia,  97 
Scrub-oak,  18 
Sea-grape,  24 
Seaside-mahoe,  71 
Sebesten,  94 
Seed  Plants,  1 
Senna  Family,  48 
Serenoa,  6 
Service-berry,  30 
Seven-year-apple,  99 
Shad-bush,  31 
Shag-bark  hickory,  10 
SheU-bark,  10 
Shoe-black  plant,  70 
Shore-bay,  75 
Short-leaf  pine,  3 
Shrubby-althaea,  70 
Sideroxylon,  87 
Silk-bay,  75 
Silk-oak,  74 
Silverbell-tree,  90 
Silver-maple,  65 
Silver-palm,  6 
Silver  thatch-palm,  6 
Simarouba,  55 
Simaroubaceae,  55 
Slash-pine,  2 
Slippery-elm,  22 
SmaU-fruited  cocoa-plum,  4(; 
Small-fruited  haw,  34 
Small  post-oak,  17 
Small-viburnum,  101 
Small 's-hackberry,  23 
Smooth-alder,  15 
Snowdrop-tree,  90 
Soapberry,  66 
Soapberry  Family,  66 
Solanaceae,  93 
Solanum,  93 
Sorrel-tree,  84 
Sour-gum,  82 
Sour-wood,  84 
Southern  black-haw,  101 
Southern  cucumber-tree,  27 
Southern-pine,  2 
Southern  red-cedar,  4 
Southern-sumac,  61 
Spanish-bayonet,  8 
Spanish-dagger,  8 
Spanish-oak,  19 
Spanish-stopper,  79 
Sparkleberry,  85 
Spermatophyta, 1 


Spicewood,  81 
Spondiaceae,  60 
Spruce-pine,  3 
Spurge  Family,  57 
Staff-tree  Family,  63 
Stinking-cedar,  4 
Stopper,  79 

Bahaman,  SO 

Long-stalked,  80 

Naked,  80 

Red,  79 

Spanish,  79 

White,  79 
Storax  Family,  89 
Strawberry-bush,  63 
Strongback,  94 

Rough,  94 
Styracaceae, 89 
Sugar-apple,  26 
Sugar-berry,  23 
Sumac,  61 

Poison,  61 

Southern,  61 
Sumac  Family,  60 
Suriana,  55 
Surianaceae,  54 
Svida,  82 
Swamp-ash,  91 
Swamp-bay,  27,  75 
Swamp-hickory,  10 
Swamp-pine,  2 
Swamp  red-bay,  75 
Swamp  Spanish-oak,  19 
Swamp  white-oak,  17 
Sweet-bay,  27,  75 
Sweet-gum,  29 
Sweet-gum  Family,  29 
Sweet-leaf,  89 
Sweet-leaf  Family,  89 
Sweet-orange,  54 
Swietenia,  57 
Sycamore,  30 
Symplococaceae, 89 
Symplocos,  89 

Talisia,  67 
Tallow-wood,  97 
Tamala,  75 
Tamaricaceae,  72 
Tamarind,  50 

Wild,  47 
Tamarindus,  49 
Tamarisk,  73 
Tamarisk  Family,  72 
Tamarix,  72 
Taxaceae, 4 
Taxodium,  3 
Taxus,  5 
Terminalia,  78 
Terminaliacbae,  78 
Tetrazygia,  77 
Thatch,  6 

Brittle,  6 

Key,  6 
Thatch-palm,  5 

Florida,  6 

Silver,  6 
Theaceae,  73 
Thespesia,  70 
Theophrastaceae,  85 
Thistle  Family,  101 
Thrinax,  5 
Thunderwood,  61 
Thymeleales,  74 
Tilia,  69 
Tiliaceae,  69 
TiTi  Family,  61 
Toothache-tree,  53 
Torchwood,  53 


INDEX. 


107 


Torchwood, 

Balsam,  53 
Torchwood  Family,  56 
Torreya,  4 
Torrubia,  25 
Tough-buckthorn,  89 
Toxicodendron,  60 
Tree-of-heaven,  55 
Trema,  23 

Florida,  23 

West  Indian,  23 
Triadica,  59 

Trumpet-creeper  Family,  96 
Tulip-tree,  27 
Tumion,  4 
Tupelo-gum,  82 
Turkey-oak,  20 
Twin  live-oak,  18 
Ulmaceae,  21 
Ulmus,  22 
Urticales,  20 


Vacciniaceae,  84 
Vachellia,  47 
Velvet-seed,  99 
Rough,  100 
Verbenaceae,  94 
Vervain  Family,  94 
Viburnum,  100 


Wafer-ash,  53 
Wahoo,  22 
Walnut,  9 
Black,  10 


Ward's-willow,  13 
Water-ash,  91 
Water  bitter-nut,  10 
Water-elm,  22 
Water-gum,  82 
Water-hickory,  10 
Water-locust,  49 
Water-oak,  19 
Wax-myrtle,  12 

Odorless,  12 
West-Indian  birch,  56 
West-Indian  cherry,  46 
West-Indian  trema,  23 
White-ash,  91 
White-buttonwood,  79 
White-cedar,  4 
White-elm,  22 
White-heart  hickory,  10 
White-ironwood,  67 
White-mangrove,  79 
White-mangrove  Familx,  78 
White-mulberry,  20 
White-oak,  17 
White-pine,  3 
White-stopper,  79 
White  wood,  58,  97 
Wild  black-cherry,  46 
Wild-cherry,  46 
Wild  china-tree,  66 

Manatee,  67 
Wild-cinnamon,  72 
Wild-cinnamon  Family,  72 
Wild-coffee,  69,  100 

Bahaman,  100 
Wild-cotton,  71 


Wild-dilly,  89 
Wild-fig,  21 
Wild-lime,  52 
Wild-olive,  88 
Wild-plum,  45 
Wild-tamarind,  47 
Willow,  12 

Amphibious,  13 

Black,  13 

Florida,  13 

Gulf,  13 

Ward's,  13 
Willow  Family,  12 
Willow-oak,  18 
Winged-elm,  22 
Witch-hazel,  29 
Witch-hazel  Family,  29 
Woman's-tongue  tree,  47 

Ximenia,  97 
XiMENiA  Family,  97 
Xolisma,  84 

Yaupon,  63 
Yellow-oak,  18 
Yellow-opopanax,  48 
Yellow-pine,  2,  3 
Yellow-wood,  52,  64 
Yew  Family,  4 
Yucca,  8 
Yucca  Family,  8 

Zanthoxylum,  52 
Zygophyllaceae,  51 


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